Short Movie - Berdirinya Boedi Oetomo

Summary

The video script details the historical journey of *Budi Utomo*, Indonesia’s first nationalist movement, founded in 1908. It begins with the arrival of the Portuguese and Dutch colonial powers, highlighting Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo’s efforts to improve education and society through a new organization. The script follows the development of *Budi Utomo* from an educational-focused entity to one that increasingly engaged in political activism. Key figures, such as Dr. Wahidin and Dr. Sutomo, played crucial roles, but as the movement evolved, internal disagreements led to its eventual dissolution in 1935. The story highlights the early foundations of Indonesia's nationalist struggle.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Portuguese arrived in Maluku in 1509 and later, in 1511, took control of Malacca under Alfonso de Albuquerque. The Dutch, led by Cornelis de Houtman, arrived in Banten in 1596 and expelled the Portuguese from the region.
• 😀 In 1602, the Dutch established the VOC (Dutch East India Company) and implemented the forced cultivation system (cultuurstelsel), leading to resistance from the kingdoms of the archipelago.
• 😀 Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, a physician educated at Stovia, was concerned about his nation's condition and decided to travel across Java to promote education and offer free medical services.
• 😀 Dr. Wahidin met with Stovia students in Batavia and discussed the importance of establishing an organization to advance education for young people, especially for those who couldn't afford it.
• 😀 Sutomo was inspired by Dr. Wahidin's vision and convened a meeting with his fellow Stovia students to discuss creating an organization focused on improving the nation's education and status.
• 😀 The group decided to form an organization and debated names, eventually choosing 'Budi Utomo,' meaning 'good character' or 'noble behavior,' to reflect the group's mission.
• 😀 The founding members of Budi Utomo planned to hold the organization's first congress in Yogyakarta on October 5, 1908, to promote their educational goals.
• 😀 Dr. Wahidin was chosen as the chairman of the congress due to his pivotal role in founding the organization and his dedication to education and social welfare.
• 😀 During the congress, members discussed educational issues, including the need for broader access to education for all, especially the underprivileged, and the expansion of agricultural and technical education.
• 😀 Over time, Budi Utomo evolved, with the inclusion of political movements, though it initially focused on education and cultural advancement. The organization eventually dissolved in 1934 due to shifting priorities and growing political tensions.

Q & A

What motivated Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo to start traveling across Java?

Dr. Wahidin was motivated by his concern for the poor state of education and health in his country. He wanted to raise awareness about the need for education and provide free medical care to the people of Java.

How did the organization *Budi Utomo* come into existence?

The organization *Budi Utomo* was formed after Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo discussed his ideas with students at Stovia, who were inspired by his vision for educational and social reform. They decided to create an organization to uplift the nation and provide educational opportunities for underprivileged youth.

What was the main goal of the *Budi Utomo* organization?

The main goal of *Budi Utomo* was to advance education and improve the welfare of the Indonesian people, especially by providing financial support to promising students who could not afford education.

What was the significance of the first congress of *Budi Utomo* in 1908?

The first congress of *Budi Utomo*, held on October 5, 1908, was significant because it marked the formal establishment of the organization and its commitment to social and educational reforms. The congress brought together key figures like Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, who played a crucial role in advocating for educational advancement.

How did *Budi Utomo* contribute to education in Indonesia?

One of *Budi Utomo*'s key contributions to education was advocating for the expansion of access to education for the poor. It also focused on improving agricultural education and promoting the importance of education for all, including women and marginalized groups.

Why did some members of *Budi Utomo* want to shift towards more political activities?

Some members, like Ki Hajar Dewantara and Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, believed that *Budi Utomo* should become more politically active in order to address the broader issues of colonialism and independence. They felt that the organization needed to take a stronger stance in fighting for the nation's rights.

What was the outcome of the internal disagreements within *Budi Utomo*?

The internal disagreements led to a split in the organization. Key figures like Ki Hajar Dewantara and Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo left *Budi Utomo* to pursue more politically oriented movements, while the remaining members focused on the organization's original goals of education and cultural reform.

Who became the new leader of *Budi Utomo* in 1911, and what changes occurred under his leadership?

Pangeran Haryono became the new leader of *Budi Utomo* in 1911. Under his leadership, the organization began to take on a more political role, focusing on nationalist issues and the struggle for independence.

Why did *Budi Utomo* eventually dissolve in 1934?

In 1934, *Budi Utomo* merged with other nationalist organizations, leading to its dissolution. The political landscape in Indonesia had shifted, and the focus of the organization had evolved, contributing to its eventual disbandment.

What were some of the key ideas discussed at the first congress of *Budi Utomo*?

At the first congress, members discussed the importance of expanding education for the general population, improving agricultural education, and advocating for the inclusion of women's education. They also discussed establishing a magazine in Malay to raise awareness about the organization's goals.