The History Of Aviation Explained

Summary

This video explores the fascinating history of aviation, covering its evolution from ancient myths of flight to modern-day aircraft. It begins with legendary tales like the Greek myth of Icarus and Shah Kay Kavus of Persia, leading to early human-powered flight attempts and breakthrough inventions like the hot air balloon by the Montgolfier brothers. The video also delves into the development of airships, the Wright brothers' pioneering airplane, advancements during World Wars, and the rise of commercial aviation. Viewers are encouraged to like, comment, and subscribe for more content.

Takeaways

• 🛫 The history of aviation began with ancient myths from Greece and Persia that inspired humanity's dreams of flight.
• 🕊️ Early experiments in flight included human-powered attempts and steam-powered models like the wooden pigeon by Greek mathematician Archytas.
• 🎈 The first successful manned flight was achieved by the Montgolfier brothers in 1783 using a hot air balloon, which marked a significant milestone in aviation history.
• 🦅 Jacques Charles and the Robert brothers further advanced aviation with the development of the first hydrogen balloon, introducing a new power source for flight.
• 🚢 The 19th century saw the rise of airships, with significant contributions from inventors like Andrei Giffard and Ferdinand von Zeppelin, leading to the development of dirigibles and blimps.
• ✈️ The Wright brothers revolutionized aviation with the Wright Flyer in 1903, the first powered and piloted airplane, laying the foundation for modern aircraft design.
• ⚔️ Aviation became crucial in warfare, particularly during World War I and World War II, with the introduction of weaponized airplanes and the emergence of aerial combat.
• 👩‍✈️ Iconic female aviators like Bessie Coleman and Amelia Earhart broke barriers and set records, contributing significantly to the advancement of aviation.
• 🚁 The development of the autogyro by Juan de la Cierva in the 1920s was an early inspiration for modern helicopters.
• 🚀 The invention of the jet engine and the development of high-speed aircraft, including the breaking of the sound barrier by Chuck Yeager, marked significant advancements in aviation technology.

Q & A

What were the early inspirations for man-made flight according to ancient myths?

The early inspirations for man-made flight came from ancient myths, particularly the Greek myth of Icarus and the Persian legend of Shah Kay Kavus. In the Greek myth, Icarus and his father Daedalus crafted wings from feathers and wax to escape from imprisonment. Icarus flew too close to the sun, causing the wax to melt and leading to his fall. In the Persian legend, Shah Kay Kavus used a craft carried by eagles to fly.

Who were the first successful creators of a man-made aircraft, and what did they invent?

The first successful creators of a man-made aircraft were the Montgolfier brothers, Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, who invented the hot air balloon. Their first public flight took place on June 4, 1783, in Annonay, France, where the balloon reached an altitude of approximately 1,600 to 2,000 meters and remained airborne for about 10 minutes.

What was the significance of the Wright Flyer in aviation history?

The Wright Flyer, designed by Orville and Wilbur Wright, was significant because it was the first piloted, engine-powered airplane to achieve powered, heavier-than-air flight. The first successful flight took place on December 17, 1903, covering a distance of 120 feet. This aircraft laid the foundation for modern aviation.

What were some of the challenges faced by early balloon aviators?

Early balloon aviators faced challenges such as controlling the direction of the balloons, dealing with altitude sickness, and the dangers of flammable gases like hydrogen. For example, Professor Jacques Charles experienced altitude sickness and hearing pain when he reached an altitude of 9,800 feet in a hydrogen balloon.

How did dirigibles differ from earlier hot air balloons, and what were their advantages?

Dirigibles differed from earlier hot air balloons by being steerable and powered, allowing for controlled flight. They were typically powered by engines and had propellers to guide their direction. Dirigibles like the Giffard dirigible and La France provided better control, enabling round-trip flights and longer travel distances.

What advancements did the Wright brothers make with the Wright Flyer 3?

The Wright brothers made several important advancements with the Wright Flyer 3, including doubling the size of the elevator and rudder, installing a larger fuel tank, replacing the rudder on a separate control handle, and adding radiators to prevent overheating. These modifications significantly improved the plane's stability and flight capabilities.

How did World War I impact the development of aviation?

World War I greatly accelerated the development of aviation, as both the Allied and Central Powers armed their planes with machine guns, leading to dogfights in the sky. The importance of aircraft in warfare became evident, and notable aces like Eddie Rickenbacker and Manfred von Richthofen emerged. The war underscored the critical role of aviation in future conflicts.

What were some of the contributions of female aviators in the early 20th century?

Female aviators like Raymonde de Laroche, Bessie Coleman, and Amelia Earhart made significant contributions to aviation. Raymonde de Laroche was the first woman to earn a piloting license, Bessie Coleman became the first African-American woman to earn a piloting license, and Amelia Earhart broke several flight records and attempted to fly around the world.

What role did the development of the jet engine play in aviation history?

The development of the jet engine revolutionized aviation by enabling high-speed flight. The first turbojet-powered aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, made its first flight in 1939. Jet engines allowed planes to break the sound barrier, as demonstrated by Chuck Yeager in 1947, and set new speed records, transforming both military and commercial aviation.

How did the use of airships evolve from the 19th to the 20th century?

Airships evolved from simple hot air balloons to more advanced dirigibles and blimps. Dirigibles like the Giffard dirigible and La France introduced engine-powered, steerable flight. In the 20th century, the development of rigid airships like the Zeppelin allowed for greater cargo capacity and military use. Blimps, which relied on non-flammable helium, became popular for their safety and stability.

Outlines

00:00

✈️ Ancient Dreams of Flight

This paragraph introduces the history of aviation, beginning with mythological tales of flight from ancient Greece and Persia. It highlights the stories of Icarus and Shah Kay Kavos, which captivated imaginations with ideas of man-made flight. Additionally, it mentions early mechanical flight experiments, including a wooden pigeon created by Greek mathematicians and subsequent attempts by inventors like Abbas Ibn Firnas and Ilmer of Malmsbury, laying the groundwork for future innovations.

05:00

🎈 The First Hot Air Balloons

This paragraph details the invention of the first successful hot air balloons by the Montgolfier brothers in 1782. Inspired by drying laundry, Joseph Montgolfier built an experimental balloon that rose with heated air. The brothers later constructed larger balloons, including a 60,000 cubic foot balloon that enabled the first manned flight. The significance of their invention is marked by public demonstrations, including flights witnessed by French royalty and the transportation of livestock to test the effects of high-altitude flight.

10:01

🎈 Hydrogen Balloons and New Challenges

This paragraph describes the creation of the first hydrogen balloon by the Robert brothers and Professor Jacques Charles in 1783. Their balloons featured innovative designs, including airtight gas bags stitched with rubber and silk. This technological advancement allowed for higher flights and the gathering of meteorological data. Despite the success of these balloons, aviators encountered challenges such as altitude sickness, prompting further research into the possibilities and limitations of manned flight.

15:01

🚀 From Dirigibles to Zeppelins

The development of airships, also known as dirigibles, is discussed in this paragraph. Starting with the steam-powered airship of André Giffard in 1852, airship technology evolved rapidly. Notable advancements included the fully controllable La France dirigible, as well as the introduction of non-rigid airships (blimps) and rigid airships, such as the Zeppelin. Ferdinand von Zeppelin's designs would go on to shape both military and commercial aviation at the start of the 20th century.

20:02

🛩️ The Wright Brothers and Early Airplanes

This paragraph focuses on the Wright brothers, who made aviation history with the first successful powered flight in 1903. Their Wright Flyer, made from spruce wood and powered by a 12-horsepower gasoline engine, introduced innovations such as pusher propellers and a sprocket chain drive. Following their initial success, the Wright brothers continued to refine their designs, leading to more stable and reliable airplanes like the Wright Flyer 3, which achieved record-breaking flight times and paved the way for the future of aviation.

25:03

🌍 Aviation in War and Peace

This paragraph describes the rise of aviation during World War I and II, where airplanes became crucial tools of warfare. Both sides armed their planes with machine guns, leading to intense aerial battles known as dogfights. Famous pilots from this era, including aces like Manfred von Richthofen and Eddie Rickenbacker, achieved legendary status. The paragraph also covers the post-war aviation boom, with advancements in military, commercial, and female-led aviation, including Amelia Earhart's famous global flight attempt.

🔧 Innovations in Flight Technology

This paragraph highlights significant technological milestones in aviation during the 20th century, including the development of the autogyro by Juan de la Cierva, which would inspire the modern helicopter, and Jimmy Doolittle's instrumental flight, where he successfully flew and landed using only flight instruments. It also mentions the creation of large flying boats, the birth of jet engines, and the breaking of the sound barrier by Chuck Yeager, all leading to the evolution of modern high-speed aircraft.

☀️ Solar-Powered Aircraft and Modern Aviation

The final paragraph discusses the continued evolution of aviation in the 21st century, focusing on innovations such as solar-powered aircraft like the AstroFlight Sunrise, which used solar cells to provide power. It also covers NASA's Pathfinder projects, which represent the future of fuel cell and solar-powered aviation. Overall, aviation has revolutionized travel, warfare, and exploration, becoming an integral part of modern life.

Keywords

💡Aviation History

💡Mongolfier Brothers

💡Dirigible

💡Wright Brothers

💡Hot Air Balloon

💡Zeppelin

💡Wright Flyer

💡Jet Engine

💡Ballooning

💡Man-Powered Flight

Highlights

Introduction to the history of aviation, covering early inspirations, human-powered aircraft development, and modern aviation.

Early concepts of man-made flight originated in ancient myths from Greece and Persia, such as the stories of Icarus and Shah Kay Kavos.

The first artificial flight experiment was conducted by the ancient Greek mathematician and architect who created a steam-powered wooden pigeon model between 400 and 350 BC.

Several early flight attempts were made by inventors like Abbas ibn Firnas and Ilmer of Malmesbury, which, although unsuccessful, paved the way for future advancements.

The Mongolfier brothers achieved the first successful manned flight with a hot air balloon in 1783, marking a pivotal moment in aviation history.

The Mongolfier brothers' experiments laid the groundwork for further ballooning, including the first flight with animals aboard and the first manned free flight.

French engineers Anjon and Nicola Louis Robert, along with Jacques Charles, developed the world's first hydrogen balloon, leading to the use of alternate power sources in aviation.

The rise of dirigibles, such as the Santos-Dumont airships and Zeppelin airships, marked a significant advancement in the early 20th century, particularly in military applications.

The Wright brothers' successful flights with the Wright Flyer marked the beginning of modern aviation, with the first powered, heavier-than-air flight in 1903.

The Wright Flyer 3 became one of the most successful flying machines in the early 20th century, featuring critical modifications that solved stability issues.

World War I and II accelerated advancements in aviation technology, with the introduction of weaponized airplanes and all-metal airships.

Notable female aviators like Raymonde de Laroche, Bessie Coleman, and Amelia Earhart broke significant barriers and set records in aviation during the early 20th century.

The development of the jet engine by inventors like Frank Whittle and Hans von Ohain revolutionized aviation, leading to high-speed aircrafts like the Bell X-1.

In the 21st century, NASA developed solar and fuel cell-powered aircrafts, such as the Pathfinder series, continuing the innovation in aviation technology.

The video emphasizes the critical role aviation has played in the development of travel, warfare, and exploration, and encourages viewers to engage with the channel for more content.

Transcripts

hey everyone will here so for today's

video

we are going to be analyzing the history

of aviation

that means we're going to be going over

all aspects of man-made flight

including the early inspirations for

flight

the development of human powered

aircrafts

and the formation of modern day aviation

itself

so without further ado let's begin

so the original idea behind man-made

flight

originated in fabled stories in ancient

greece

and ancient persia pre-347 bc

these stories spoke of ancient legends

of human flight

that captivated the imagination of large

audiences

so of these fables in ancient greece and

ancient persia

two of these stories were particularly

powerful in captivating mankind's

imagination

on the possibilities of flight the first

of these stories

was the greek myth of icarus in this

legend

icarus and his father daedalus were

imprisoned on top of the tallest tower

in the kingdom of crete using feathers

and wax

dedalus crafted two pairs of giant wings

to escape

when icarus and daedalus started to fly

icarus flew higher into the air

to get closer to the sun soon enough

the wings on icarus had melted causing

him to fall to his death

for the rest of his life daedalus lived

with an intense regret for his actions

the second myth was described in a long

epic poem

shaname written by persian poet ferdozi

according to the myth mythological shah

kay

kavos of greater iran had a flying craft

that was carried by eagles

the craft had four poles pointing

outwards with meat on top of each pole

the eagles had their feet chained to the

craft and the myth stated that when the

eagles tried to reach the meat

they lifted the craft into the sky the

myth states that shah que

cabos used the craft when traveling to

china

later on between 400 and 350 bc

ancient greek mathematician architects

of tarentham

reportedly created a steam-powered

wooden pigeon model

this wooden pigeon was launched

projectile style into the sky

and was a major breakthrough in

artificially replicating

the art of flight

after this several winged flight

attempts were made

by andalusian inventor abbas ibn furnas

an english benedictine monk ilmer of

malmsbury

these attempts did not ultimately

succeed but they did encourage

other scientists and mathematicians to

explore the possibilities of air travel

in 1709 brazilian portuguese priest

bartholomew de guzman presented the king

of portugal with the petition

requesting the king's favor and

constructing an airship called

basa roya despite never flying the

design for the paso roya airship

was still an important inspiration to

future aircraft designers

[Music]

the first successful man-made aircraft

was created

by joseph michel mongolfier and jacques

theon mongolfier the mongolfier brothers

were highly respected french inventors

who were credited with creating the very

first

successfully piloted hot air balloon

the original idea behind the hot air

balloon came

from joseph observing laundry dry over a

fire

as the pants dried the pockets

incidentally billowed upwards

this made joseph test his new discovery

by creating a box-like chamber out of

thin wood covering the sides

and top with taffeta cloth

when joseph lit a controlled fire from

under the box

the contraption rose into the air

proving

that joseph's idea had tremendous

potential

josef and his brother jacques then built

a similar contraption

except this time the device was much

larger

on december 4th 1782 the two brothers

tested

their new invention the liftoff from the

fire was so powerful

that they ended up losing control of

their new creation

following this the two brothers

constructed a giant globe shaped hot air

balloon

that was made from sackcloth tightened

with three thin

layers of paper on the inside the hot

air balloon itself was constructed

out of a dome and three lateral bands

these were held together by 1 800

buttons

additionally a fishing net of cord

covered the outside of the balloon to

give it stability

on june 4th 1783 the two brothers

publicly flew their balloon

at annone france in front of a crowd of

people

the balloon itself had an air time of

approximately 10 minutes

reaching an estimated altitude that was

between

1 600 meters and 2 000 meters

when news of the hot air balloon's

success reached paris

jacques traveled to the capital to lay

claim to the invention

of flight itself with help

from wallpaper manufacturer jean

battista

reveon jacques created a 37

500 cubic foot envelope of taphera cloth

coated with alum to ensure that it was

fireproof

this balloon was named the aerostat

reveon

and was the first balloon to have

livestock riding as passengers

a sheep cockroll and duck were all used

to test whether animals could survive

flying at high altitudes the launch took

place on september 19

1783 at the royal palace in versailles

france before king louis xvi

queen marie antoinette and a large group

of spectators

after a flight that lasted approximately

eight minutes

the craft safely landed two miles away

from the palace

with all three animals surviving

unharmed

in their final test launch jacques and

jean battista revellon

built a 60 000 cubic foot hot air

balloon to be used for a manned flight

the balloon was approximately 75 feet

tall with

50 foot diameter jacques was the first

human to travel in the balloon

followed by chemist jean francois

piliatra rosier

after that both biliatro rosier and army

officer

marquis de arlande conducted the first

free flight by humans

traveling 3000 feet above the majestic

city of paris

after a 25-minute ride the balloon

landed

and was lauded with praise today the

montgolfier brothers historic

contributions to science and aviation

are honored at the international air and

space hall of fame

[Music]

as the mongol va brothers were preparing

their final balloon tests

two renowned french engineers anjon

robert

and nicola louis robert built the

world's first hydrogen balloon

with french professor jacques charles

professor jacques charles originally

conceived that hydrogen would be an

ideal power source

due to its chemical properties the

balloon itself

functioned with the use of an airtight

gas bag that was constructed by the two

brothers

the main envelope of the balloon was

additionally stitched together

with dissolved rubber and varnished

sheets of silk

the hydrogen balloon itself was first

tested on august 27

1783 on john robert

and nicola louis robert followed this

experiment

by conducting a manned flight of their

balloon on december 1

1783 this flight took place

in the beautiful city of paris both

jacques

charles and nicola louis robert

co-piloted the hydrogen balloon

the brothers attached a barometer and

thermometer to the balloon making it the

first balloon to record

meteorological measurements of the

earth's atmosphere

during its flight it is reported that

400

000 people gathered at the imperial

palace to watch the launch

among the viewers were renowned american

scientist

benjamin franklin as well as iconic

french inventor

joseph michel montgolfier the flight was

notable for introducing an

alternate power source for future

manpowered flights

despite the success of the flight the

experiment presented new challenges to

aviators across the world

on a solo flight of the balloon

professor jacques charles

noted his run-in with altitude sickness

and hearing pain

after he reached an altitude of around

9800 feet

this was a problem that scientists and

inventors would try to fix when

designing future aircraft models

after these successful flights

ballooning would experience a surge of

growth in the late 19th century

balloon crafts at this time were used

for entertainment

research and warfare a particular

example of the balloons used in warfare

were the hot air balloons used by the

union army in reconnaissance missions

during the u.s civil war

as this balloon surge was taking place

french engineer

andrei gefar made a major breakthrough

when he developed the first

steam-powered airship

known in france as a dirigible the gifar

dirigible

was a hydrogen-powered airship that

utilized a three horsepower steam

engine along with a giant propeller

on september 24th 1852 andre gefar

made the first steam engine powered

flight traveling from

paris to elongor ship was also steerable

which allowed gifar to guide the

direction of his airship

in 1884 charles renard and arthur cribbs

launched their first fully controllable

free-flight engine powered dirigible

la france this dirigible utilized an

eight and a half

horsepower electric motor and covered

eight kilometers in its first launch

additionally la france de rigible is

notable for accomplishing the first

successful round-trip flight

at the start of the 20th century

brazilian aviator

alberto santos de mont became a national

hero in brazil

for pushing the limits of aviation with

his newest dirigible design

the santos de mont's number six

dirigible was powered by a balloon

and a 12 horsepower internal combustion

engine

which drove the airship propeller this

airship was notable for winning the

deutsche de la muerte prize

when it successfully circled the eiffel

tower on october 19th

1901 following this success

alberto santos de mont continued to

improve upon his existing dirigible

model

with many of his subsequent airships

later on

alberto santos dumont even invented de

santos dumont

number 20 democeli airship which was a

major breakthrough for ultra-light

aircraft development

although these dirigibles had very

successful launches

the aircraft models themselves were

typically very frail

they were also notorious for achieving

lackluster airtime

the solution to these problems came in

the form of non-rigid airships

known as blimps the blimp model was

notable for relying upon the use of

lifting gases

like helium rather than flammable gases

like hydrogen

the blimp was also notable for not

having an internal structural framework

which a typical rigid airship model

would possess

the rigid airship model saw its first

successful debut at the start of the

20th century

the rigid airship was notable for

maintaining its shape

without the use of pressure from lifting

gas

it did this by utilizing an internal

framework that fully supported the

envelope of the craft

the first successful rigid airship was a

zeppelin

the zeppelin airship was named after its

inventor ferdinand von zepplin

construction on the first zeppelin

airship began in 1899

in a hangar located near friedrichshafen

germany as a military observer in the

american civil war

zeppelin was fascinated with the

potential power that aircrafts could

wield

in 20th century warfare in designing his

own airships

zeppelin focused on increasing cargo

carrying capacity

which would later be key for mounting

military-grade weapons

on top of airships despite the initial

failures of the lz-1

and lz2 aircrafts the lz-3 model

by zeppelin managed to successfully

maintain a two-hour

and 17-minute flight on october 9

1906.

the most crucial aircraft designed to

influence modern-day military and

commercial aviation

was the wright flyer the wright flyer

designed by orville and wilbur wright

was critical to modern day aviation

since it was the first

piloted engine-powered airplane the

right flyer

also achieved the first powered

heavier-than-air flight

the original wright flyer was inspired

by the 1902

right glider and was built entirely out

of spruce wood

the wings were symmetrical by design to

help stabilize the plane

the airplane itself also additionally

was powered

by a 12 horsepower gasoline engine

two counter rotating pusher propellers

were also added to the plane

to stop torque from occurring these

propellers were powered

through a sprocket chain drive which was

commonly used in traditional bicycles

the wright brothers successfully

launched the wright flyer on december 17

1903 the first flight conducted by

orville wright

was captured in a famous photograph by

john t daniels

the first flight of the original wright

flyer traveled to total distance of 120

feet

the next flight conducted by wilbur

wright reached a total distance of 175

feet while the final flight of the day

conducted by orville wright

traveled a total distance of 200 feet

in 1904 the wright brothers built the

right flyer too

the right flyer 2 was similar to the

original wright flyer

in design but was crafted out of pine

wood rather than spruce wood

the wright flyer too additionally used a

more powerful engine than its

predecessor

and was actually approximately 200

pounds heavier

than the original plane the wright flyer

2 was first flown in the cow pastures

of huffman prairie in dayton ohio

all of the original flights ended in

surprise crashes

except for one on september 15

1904 the wright brothers started to

utilize a catapult

to help the plane gain sufficient speed

for a successful takeoff

on september 20th 1904 this strategy

finally paid off

with wilbur wright making his first

circular flight

on october 14 1904 orville wright flew

his first

circular flight in november of 1904

wilbur wright once again flew a circular

flight around huffman prairie

during the winter months the wright

brothers began constructing their final

model

the wright flyer 3.

on july 14 1905 orville wright first

tested the wright flyer 3 model

which ended in a serious nosedive crash

that caused damage to the plane

and minor injuries for orville when

rebuilding the airplane

the wright brothers made important

changes to their model

that helped solve the stability issues

facing their previous

airplane these modifications included

doubling the size of the elevator and

rudder

installing a larger fuel tank replacing

the rudder on a separate control handle

expanding the skid undercarriage and

placing two radiators on the front and

back struts

to stop overheating from occurring these

changes led the right flyer 3

to become one of the most successful

flying machines in the 20th century

on october 5th 1905 wilbur wright made a

39 minute

and 23 second long circling flight over

huffman prairie

setting a massive record for winged

flight capabilities

the outbreak of world war one in 1914

saw the start of an airship arms race

across the world

at this time the imperial german army

started

incorporating zeppelin airships into

both their army

and navy meanwhile the u.s army signal

corps

purchased the 1909 wright military flyer

in hopes of building their own air force

these developments all symbolized the

growing importance of airships

and warfare the biggest development at

this time

was the initiation of weaponized

airplanes

[Music]

both the allied powers and central

powers armed to their planes with

machine guns

this led both sides into grand aerial

battles

that would become known as dogfights

the best pilots in these dog fights were

given the honorable title

of an ace some notable allied power aces

from world war one

include eddie rickenbacher

albert ball billy bishop

and george guinemer

some notable central power aces from

world war one

include manfred ron richthofen

and warner vos by the end of world war

one

the importance of aviation and warfare

had become

unprecedented after the war

u.s brigadier general billy mitchell

even stated that the future of warfare

was in the skies

the lead-up to world war ii saw major

advancements in aircraft technology

in 1915 german engineer hugo junckers

invented all-metal airships this led

both the us

and the soviet union to begin designing

their own

high-powered monoplanes made out of

sleek aluminum

the lead up to world war ii also saw the

rise of many iconic female aviators

including raymond de la roche

bessie coleman and amelia earhart ramon

de la roche was the first woman

in the world to earn a piloting license

and set a world

record for the longest flight by a woman

traveling 201 miles

and reaching an extremely high altitude

of 15

700 feet after that

bessie coleman made history when she

became the first african-american woman

to earn a piloting license after being

unable to go to flight school in the u.s

coleman became fluent in french and

earned her piloting license in paris

on june 15 1921

after accomplishing this coleman

returned to the u.s

and became a superstar at air shows all

across the country

amelia earhart also became one of the

world's most iconic aviators

after breaking several flight records

in her most ambitious mission earhart

attempted to fly across the

entire world taking the longest route

possible

unfortunately during her second attempt

her plane disappeared

in the central pacific region many

historical theories remain

active regarding the cause for her

disappearance

[Music]

in the early 1920s spanish aeronautical

engineer

juan de la sierra began designing the

autogyro flight machine

the auto gyro is a rotary winged

aircraft

that uses an unpowered rotor in free

auto rotation

to achieve flight additionally the rotor

requires

upwards air flow into the rotor disc to

generate rotation

the overall purpose of the auto gyro was

to create a flight machine that could

successfully achieve

low speed flight de la sierra's first

three auto gyro models

c1 c2 and c3 were each

unstable due to aerodynamic and

structural issues

in the rotor it wasn't until the c4

model

that de la sierra made his first

successful auto gyro flight

on january 17 1923

in madrid spain throughout the years

juan de la sierva successfully invented

several additional models

all of which would become an early

inspiration for the modern helicopter

in 1929 u.s aviation

pioneer jimmy doolittle developed

instrumental flight

doolittle also became the first pilot to

take off

fly and land an airplane only using

flight instruments

[Music]

1929 also marked the development of the

largest

heaviest and most powerful flying boat

in the world

called the dornier dox

the dornier dox had a wingspan

of 48 meters and had 169 passengers on

board

on its 70th flight test

the development of the jet engine was a

major milestone in aviation history

the jet engine comes in three main types

the turbojet

the turbofan and the rocket the

development of the jet engine

started to take form when german

aeronautical engineer

alexander lippisch designed the first

rocket-powered aircraft

called the enta the anta first flew

on june 11 1928

in the early 1930s english inventor

frank whittle

and german inventor hans von ohein

both separately made progress in

inventing the turbojet

the first turbojet-powered aircraft

known as

the heinkel he 178 made its first flight

in

august of 1939 in rostock germany

the jet engine was iconic for powering

high-speed aircrafts

in october of 1947 american flying ace

chuck jaeger flew the rocket-powered

bell x-1 plane

through the sound barrier in 1967

the rocket-powered hypersonic aircraft

known as the x-15

set the airspeed record by traveling at

an astounding

4534 miles per hour

this record would later be renewed by

the x-45 aircraft

in the 21st century

today aircrafts are used for a variety

of purposes

after world war ii the world saw a boom

in commercialized flight

which helped major aircraft

manufacturers like boeing

become multi-billion dollar corporations

additional aviation innovations in the

20th century

include the creation of the astro flight

sunrise

which was the first successful

solar-powered aircraft

this aircraft used more than 1 000 solar

cells

on its wing to provide 450 watts of

power

to the machine in the 21st century

the u.s national aeronautics and space

administration

launched the nasa pathfinder and

pathfinder plus

which were the first two aircrafts in a

developing series

of solar and fuel cell powered aircrafts

overall aviation has played a critical

role in the development

of travel warfare and exploration

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