Feodalisme dan Merkantilisme di Eropa | Sejarah | Alternatifa

Summary

This video explores the evolution of feudalism in Europe, tracing its roots to the absolute monarchy system and its influence on social, political, and economic structures. It highlights how the nobility and clergy held power, with commoners working as serfs under feudal lords. The video then connects feudalism to the rise of mercantilism, where nations focused on accumulating gold reserves, and how this led to imperialism and colonialism. European powers expanded their influence globally, seeking resources and markets to support their economic growth. The analysis shows how these systems interconnected, shaping modern political and economic systems.

Takeaways

• 😀 Feudalism in Europe developed from the absolute monarchy system, which centered around the control of land and power over the people.
• 😀 Social stratification in the Middle Ages formed a rigid hierarchy, with the clergy at the top and influencing both political and governmental decisions.
• 😀 The Catholic Church’s influence on politics and governance created a system where kings and princes often acted arbitrarily, supported by the legitimacy granted by the Church.
• 😀 Nobility, as the upper class, boasted of being God's chosen people and defenders of God, which legitimized their power and influence.
• 😀 The common people, or peasants, were at the bottom of the hierarchy, serving the nobility through agricultural labor and taxation.
• 😀 In Jerusalem during the Crusades, the Knights of the Templar controlled land and power, with kings at the top and a system of land distribution to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military support.
• 😀 The relationship between the king and the nobility was one of mutualism, where nobles provided support in the form of troops and wealth in exchange for recognition and land.
• 😀 Feudalism, through its focus on land control and loyalty, eventually contributed to the development of mercantilism, where a nation’s wealth was tied to its gold reserves and international trade.
• 😀 Mercantilism led to the rise of monopolies, with countries seeking to control production of certain goods and limiting imports in an effort to increase exports and accumulate wealth.
• 😀 Imperialism and colonialism emerged from mercantilist policies as European nations sought new markets and raw materials, leading to the occupation and colonization of territories in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific.
• 😀 The distinctions between imperialism and colonialism are highlighted, with imperialism focusing on territorial conquest and colonialism involving the transfer of populations and the establishment of new governments in previously ungoverned regions.

Q & A

What is the origin of the feudal system mentioned in the transcript?

The feudal system originated from the absolute monarchy system, which created a closed social structure where the control of land by the king and nobility became a measure of power over the common people.

How did the Catholic Church influence the social and political structure during the Middle Ages?

The Catholic Church played a significant role by placing the clergy at the peak of social power, which influenced the nobility and the policies of the European governments during the Middle Ages.

What role did the nobility play in the feudal system?

The nobility, who were considered God's chosen defenders, served as loyal supporters of the king. They provided troops and collected taxes, maintaining political stability and supporting the king's rule.

What is the significance of the relationship between the king and the nobility?

The king and the nobility shared a mutualistic relationship where the king was a symbol of religion and politics, while the nobles provided military support and ensured political stability through tax collection and loyalty.

What was the function of the feudal system in Jerusalem during the 12th century?

In the 12th century, after the Crusaders captured Jerusalem, the feudal system was applied, with the king as the highest ruler overseeing territories that were often distributed to the nobility in exchange for loyalty and military service.

How did the mercantilist economic system emerge from feudalism?

Mercantilism emerged from feudalism as a system where wealth was measured by gold reserves, and countries were encouraged to trade, focusing on limiting imports and increasing exports to establish economic superiority.

What is the relationship between mercantilism and imperialism?

Mercantilism led to imperialism as European countries sought to expand their markets and acquire raw materials for their industries, thereby increasing their wealth and political power.

How did the concept of imperialism differ from colonialism, according to the script?

Imperialism refers to the conquest and control of a country's territory and government, while colonialism is characterized by the transfer of population and the establishment of a new government in regions with less structured political systems.

What role did trade play in the mercantilist economic system?

Trade was central to mercantilism, with an emphasis on exporting goods and accumulating gold reserves. Countries sought to monopolize the production of certain commodities to create dependence among other nations.

Why were European countries focused on expanding their territories during the mercantilist period?

European countries expanded their territories to access new markets for their goods, acquire raw materials for their industries, and gain a competitive advantage over other European nations in global trade.