KHIYAR, RIBA DAN HUTANG PIUTANG | MATERI PAI KELAS 11

Summary

This lesson explores Islamic teachings on transactions, focusing on *riba* (usury), *jual beli* (buying and selling), and *utang piutang* (debt and borrowing). The speaker explains the concept of *hiar*, which allows both parties in a transaction to either proceed or cancel the deal, and outlines its three types: *hiar majelis* (option at the transaction site), *hiar syarat* (option based on terms), and *hiar aib* (option due to defects). The discussion also delves into the four types of *riba* and the ethical approach to lending and borrowing, emphasizing fairness and compassion in handling debts.

Takeaways

• 😀 Syiar in Islamic transactions refers to the freedom of the buyer or seller to continue or cancel the transaction during negotiations.
• 😀 There are three types of syiar: Majelis (freedom during negotiation), Syarat (conditions for completing the transaction), and Aib (right to return defective goods).
• 😀 Riba (usury) is prohibited in Islam and refers to taking extra value or interest in transactions.
• 😀 There are four types of riba: Fadli (unequal exchange of similar goods), Qardhi (loan with added interest), Yadi (exchange before goods are delivered), and Nasi'ah (delayed delivery transaction).
• 😀 Riba Fadli involves exchanging goods of the same type but unequal in weight or quantity, such as 10 grams of gold for 11 grams.
• 😀 Riba Qardhi is when a loan is given with the condition of repayment with more than the original amount borrowed, such as borrowing 100,000 IDR and repaying 110,000 IDR.
• 😀 Riba Yadi happens when goods are exchanged before delivery, leading to uncertainty over the transaction.
• 😀 Riba Nasi'ah involves delayed delivery of goods, which can cause issues if not specified clearly in the agreement.
• 😀 Debt (utang-piutang) in Islam involves lending something with the expectation of repayment at a later time, and it must be clear and agreed upon by both parties.
• 😀 The Quran advises extending time for debt repayment if the borrower is in difficulty, and it encourages forgiveness and charity by waiving the debt when possible.

Q & A

What is the concept of 'syiar' in Islamic trade?

Syiar refers to the right to decide whether to proceed with a transaction or cancel it. It gives both the buyer and seller the freedom to agree or disagree with the terms of the deal during negotiations.

What are the three types of 'syiar' mentioned in the script?

The three types of syiar are: 1) Syiar Majelis, where both parties can decide to continue or cancel the transaction while still at the place of negotiation. 2) Syiar Syarat, where the transaction is subject to certain conditions, like a time limit. 3) Syiar Aib, where the buyer has the right to return the item if it is defective.

What is 'riba' and why is it prohibited in Islam?

Riba refers to interest or usury, which involves taking advantage of financial transactions by charging excessive amounts or benefiting unfairly from an exchange. It is prohibited in Islam because it exploits people and creates unjust financial advantages.

What is the difference between 'riba fadli' and 'riba qardi'?

Riba Fadli occurs when goods of the same type are exchanged but are unequal in quantity or weight, such as trading 10 grams of gold for 11 grams. Riba Qardi, on the other hand, involves loans where the borrower must repay more than the amount originally borrowed.

Can you explain 'riba yadi' with an example?

Riba Yadi occurs when there is an agreement to exchange goods of the same type, but the transaction is not completed immediately. For example, a seller might promise to deliver goods but separates the buyer and seller before the goods are exchanged.

What does 'riba nasi'ah' involve in Islamic transactions?

Riba Nasi'ah refers to transactions where goods are sold with a delay in delivery, leading to an increase in value due to the time gap. For instance, selling a product now but delivering it at a future date with a higher price.

What does Islam say about debt and repayment?

Islam emphasizes fairness in debt repayment. It encourages giving time to those in financial difficulty and suggests that if someone is unable to repay on time, the lender should show compassion and allow more time. This is supported by a verse from the Quran (Al-Baqarah 2:286).

What should be done if someone is unable to repay a debt in Islam?

Islam encourages giving the debtor extra time if they are struggling. If the debt is not repaid due to genuine hardship, it is considered more virtuous to forgive or delay repayment, as mentioned in the Quran.

What does the Quran say about dealing with someone in debt?

The Quran advises that if someone in debt is experiencing difficulty, they should be given more time until they are able to repay. It also suggests that forgiving the debt or making a charitable donation of the debt is better if one is able to do so.

How does Islam view people who break promises regarding financial transactions?

Islam views breaking promises as a serious matter, especially when it comes to financial transactions. A person who does not fulfill their financial obligations or breaks their promises is seen as untrustworthy. The religion encourages honesty and the fulfillment of commitments.