Landasan Filsafat dan Metodologi (MP Kualitatif 1)

Summary

This video provides an in-depth overview of the philosophical foundations and methodologies used in qualitative research. It covers key concepts such as ontology, epistemology, and human nature assumptions, explaining the debates between realism and nominalism, positivism and anti-positivism, and determinism versus voluntarism. The video introduces three major research paradigms: positivism, interpretivism (phenomenology), and critical paradigms, highlighting how each influences the approach to understanding and investigating social phenomena. It concludes with a look at qualitative research design and encourages participants to ask questions as they prepare to dive deeper into designing qualitative research proposals.

Takeaways

• 😀 Research in social science is a continuous search for knowledge aimed at developing new theories and solving social issues.
• 😀 Qualitative research must adhere to scientific principles, including logical thinking and systematic processes.
• 😀 Social research is a dynamic process that evolves with ongoing social changes, providing opportunities for replicative research to observe societal shifts.
• 😀 The research process is subjective and influenced by the researcher's choices, including the selection of variables, locations, and methods.
• 😀 Knowledge in social sciences is rooted in philosophy, with a focus on ontology (nature of reality), epistemology (nature of knowledge), and axiology (values).
• 😀 Ontologically, debates exist between realism, which posits that social reality exists independently, and nominalism, which sees social reality as constructed by labels and concepts.
• 😀 Epistemologically, positivism focuses on objective, measurable knowledge through quantitative methods, while antipositivism emphasizes understanding social phenomena from the subjective perspectives of individuals.
• 😀 There are ongoing debates between determinism, which sees human behavior as determined by external environments, and voluntarism, which argues that humans have the freedom to influence their environments.
• 😀 Methodologically, research can be objective (nomothetic) or subjective (ideographic), with qualitative research leaning toward understanding phenomena through subjective experiences.
• 😀 Three main research paradigms exist: positivism (focused on quantitative methods and objectivity), interpretivism (focused on understanding subjective meanings and social contexts), and critical theory (focused on societal change and transformation).
• 😀 In the critical paradigm, research aims not only to generate knowledge but also to drive social change and address societal issues, emphasizing that knowledge must be practical and transformative.

Q & A

What is the primary goal of qualitative research in social science?

The primary goal of qualitative research in social science is to gain knowledge that can contribute to the development of new theories and solve societal issues by understanding social problems.

How does qualitative research address social changes?

Qualitative research addresses social changes by being a continuous process that adapts to societal shifts and explores evolving social issues through systematic methods.

What are the two key characteristics of research mentioned in the transcript?

The two key characteristics of research discussed are that it is an ongoing process and that it involves subjective interpretation, with the ultimate goal being to understand and explain social phenomena.

What is the debate in ontology concerning qualitative research?

The debate in ontology concerns whether the reality being studied is objective and independent of human perception (realism) or if it is a product of human cognition and interpretation (nominalism).

How does epistemology impact the way we understand knowledge in research?

Epistemology influences how knowledge is perceived and validated. It raises questions about how we understand what is true and how we differentiate between right and wrong knowledge, which guides the research process.

What is the difference between positivism and anti-positivism in epistemology?

Positivism seeks to explain and predict social phenomena through objective, measurable data and causal relationships. Anti-positivism, however, emphasizes understanding social phenomena through subjective, individual perspectives, arguing that social realities cannot be fully explained by quantitative data alone.

How does the concept of voluntarism differ from determinism in the context of social research?

Determinism suggests that human behavior is shaped and constrained by external social factors, while voluntarism posits that humans have autonomy and free will to influence and shape their social environment.

What is the significance of methodology in qualitative research?

Methodology is crucial in qualitative research as it defines the approach used to investigate social phenomena. It emphasizes whether the social world is viewed as objective (nomothetic) or subjective (ideographic), guiding the overall research process.

How does the GTA (Grounded Theory Approach) differ from other research methodologies?

The GTA methodology is characterized by a focus on developing theories from qualitative data, allowing subjectivity in interpretation while aiming for systematic processes to produce valid results. This contrasts with more rigid, objective methodologies like quantitative research.

What are the three main research paradigms discussed in the transcript?

The three main research paradigms discussed are: 1) Positivism, which focuses on objectivity and quantifiable data; 2) Interpretivism (Phenomenology), which emphasizes subjective understanding from the perspective of individuals; and 3) Critical Theory, which aims for social change through research.