Romantismo | LITERATURA ESA

Summary

In this video, Professor Luciano dives into the Romanticism movement in Brazil, highlighting its role in creating a national identity after the country's independence. He explains key characteristics such as individualism, sensitivity, and the exaltation of nature, and breaks down the three main generations of Romanticism: Nationalism, Ultra-Romanticism, and Condoreirism. With an emphasis on figures like Gonçalves Dias, Álvares de Azevedo, and Castro Alves, the video gives a comprehensive view of how this movement shaped Brazilian literature, while also making it engaging for students preparing for exams. The professor encourages learners to embrace the power of literature and study hard for success.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Romanticism movement started in the 19th century, between 1836 and 1881, and arrived in Brazil post-independence (1822).
• 😀 Romanticism in Brazil was influenced by the creation of a national identity after independence from Portugal.
• 😀 The movement was aimed at expressing national identity, distancing from Portuguese influences, and creating a cultural identity distinct from Europe.
• 😀 Romanticism in Brazil also catered to the bourgeoisie, the growing social class at the time.
• 😀 A major characteristic of Romanticism is individualism, with an emphasis on personal emotions, especially suffering due to love.
• 😀 Sensitivity was a core theme in Romanticism, with poets often writing about the pain and beauty of love and death.
• 😀 Nature was idealized in Romantic literature, particularly the natural beauty of Brazil, which helped build the national identity.
• 😀 The first generation of Brazilian Romanticism focused on nationalism, exalting the indigenous culture (Indianism) and rejecting Portuguese influences.
• 😀 The second generation, known as the Ultra-Romanticism or 'Mal do Século' (Sickness of the Century), was marked by themes of death, escape from reality, and romantic despair, with key figures like Álvares de Azevedo and Casimiro de Abreu.
• 😀 The third generation, known as Condoreirismo, focused on social issues, especially the abolition of slavery, and was characterized by a strong desire for freedom and equality, with prominent names like Castro Alves.
• 😀 Romanticism in Brazil was not only a literary movement but a reflection of the societal changes, with significant emphasis on addressing historical issues like slavery and the search for a Brazilian identity.

Q & A

What time period did the Romanticism movement in Brazil take place?

The Romanticism movement in Brazil took place between 1836 and 1881, during the 19th century.

How did Romanticism arrive in Brazil?

Romanticism arrived in Brazil after the country’s independence in 1822, following its origin in Europe, particularly after the French Revolution.

What was the main goal of the Romanticism movement in Brazil?

The main goal of Romanticism in Brazil was to create a national identity distinct from Portugal and Europe, helping Brazil to develop its own cultural and literary voice.

What role did the bourgeoisie play in Romanticism?

The bourgeoisie, as a rising class in Brazilian society during this period, was the main audience for Romantic art, which was created to appeal to them.

What are some key characteristics of Romanticism as mentioned in the transcript?

Key characteristics of Romanticism include individualism, heightened sensitivity, a focus on love and suffering, and an exaltation of nature, especially Brazil's natural beauty.

What was the significance of Indianism in the first generation of Brazilian Romanticism?

Indianism in the first generation of Brazilian Romanticism exalted the figure of the indigenous person, representing Brazil’s pre-colonial history and its national identity.

Who were the key figures of the first generation of Brazilian Romanticism?

The key figures of the first generation of Brazilian Romanticism were Gonçalves Dias and Gonçalves de Magalhães.

What is the 'Ultra-romanticism' or 'Mal do Século' in the context of Brazilian Romanticism?

Ultra-romanticism, also known as 'Mal do Século' (The Ill of the Century), was a phase of Romanticism that focused on themes of death, despair, and the escape from reality, often through dreams, fantasy, or love.

Which authors are associated with the second generation of Brazilian Romanticism?

Key authors of the second generation (Ultra-romanticism) were Álvares de Azevedo and Casimiro de Abreu.

What was the focus of the third generation of Brazilian Romanticism, also known as 'Condoreirismo'?

The third generation, known as Condoreirismo, focused on social and political issues, particularly the abolition of slavery and the promotion of freedom and equality.

Who were the primary figures of the third generation of Brazilian Romanticism?

The primary figures of the third generation (Condoreirismo) were Castro Alves and Joaquim de Sousa Andrade.