Test for Bile Salt and Bile Pigments in Urine- Probable questions for Biochemistry Practical Exam

Summary

This video provides a detailed guide on two key qualitative tests for bile salts and bile pigments in urine: the Haze Sulphur Test and Fujit's Test. The Haze Sulphur Test is a simple method to detect bile salts, based on their ability to lower surface tension, while Fujit's Test is a more complex procedure that identifies bile pigments through chemical reactions. The video covers test principles, step-by-step procedures, observations, inferences, and alternative tests. It also includes a discussion on probable exam questions and common clinical conditions, such as obstructive jaundice, that result in the presence of bile salts and pigments in urine.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Haze Sulphur Test is a simple qualitative test for bile salts in urine, based on the principle that bile salts lower the surface tension.
• 😀 In the Haze Sulphur Test, if bile salts are present, sulfur powder sinks to the bottom in the sample tube, while it remains floating in the control tube.
• 😀 The alternative test for bile salts is the Pattern Coffers Test, which is also used to detect bile salts in urine.
• 😀 Fujit's Test is a more complex qualitative test for bile pigments, involving the combination of barium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and ferric chloride to form a greenish-blue color.
• 😀 The key principle of Fujit's Test is the reaction between barium chloride and sulfate to form barium sulfate, which binds with bile pigments in the urine.
• 😀 After mixing the urine sample with barium chloride and magnesium sulfate, the solution is filtered and dried before adding Fujit's reagent to detect bile pigments.
• 😀 A greenish-blue color on the dried filter paper after adding Fujit's reagent indicates the presence of bile pigments in the sample.
• 😀 Alternative to Fujit's Test is Melin's Test, another method used to detect bile pigments in urine.
• 😀 Both bile salts and bile pigments in urine are typically found in cases of obstructive jaundice, which occurs due to obstruction in the bile ducts.
• 😀 Control tubes are necessary in qualitative tests to distinguish whether sulfur powder sinking is due to surface tension or other factors like gravity.
• 😀 Common causes of bile duct obstruction include gallstones, worm infestations, and carcinoma of the pancreas, all leading to obstructive jaundice.

Q & A

What is the principle behind the Haze Sulphur Test for bile salts?

The principle behind the Haze Sulphur Test is that bile salts lower the surface tension of urine. This causes sulfur powder to sink to the bottom of the tube if bile salts are present.

How do you perform the Haze Sulphur Test for bile salts?

In the Haze Sulphur Test, take two test tubes, label one 'S' (Sample) and the other 'C' (Control). In the sample tube, add 5 mL of urine and sprinkle a small pinch of sulfur powder. In the control tube, add 5 mL of distilled water and a pinch of sulfur powder. After standing still for a while, observe the results.

What is the expected observation in the Haze Sulphur Test if bile salts are present?

If bile salts are present in the urine sample, the sulfur powder will sink to the bottom of the sample tube. In the control tube, the sulfur powder will float on the surface.

What is the purpose of using a control tube in the Haze Sulphur Test?

The control tube helps differentiate the effects of surface tension from other factors. If sulfur powder sinks in both the sample and control tubes, it could be due to gravity rather than the presence of bile salts.

What is the principle behind Fujit's Test for bile pigments?

In Fujit's Test, barium chloride reacts with sulfate radicals to form barium sulfate, which binds with bile pigments. Ferric chloride and trichloroacetic acid in Fujit's reagent oxidize bilirubin to produce a greenish-blue color.

What is the procedure for performing Fujit's Test for bile pigments?

For Fujit's Test, add 5 mL of urine to a test tube, then mix it with 5 mL of 10% barium chloride solution. Add a pinch of magnesium sulfate and mix. Filter the solution and allow the filter paper to dry. Finally, add a few drops of Fujit's reagent (a mix of ferric chloride and TCA) to the dried filter paper.

What should you observe if bile pigments are present in the urine sample during Fujit's Test?

If bile pigments are present, a greenish-blue color will appear on the dried filter paper after adding Fujit's reagent.

What is an alternative test to the Haze Sulphur Test for detecting bile salts?

An alternative test for detecting bile salts is the Pattern Coffers Test.

What is an alternative test for detecting bile pigments, besides Fujit's Test?

An alternative test for detecting bile pigments is Melin's Test.

In the context of jaundice, which type of jaundice is associated with both bile salts and bile pigments being present in urine?

Obstructive jaundice is the type of jaundice associated with both bile salts and bile pigments appearing in the urine due to blockage in the bile ducts.