SEJARAH PERANG DUNIA 1 (1914 - 1918)

Summary

The First World War began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. His death, orchestrated by a Serbian terrorist group, triggered a series of alliances and confrontations across Europe. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, which escalated as Russia, Germany, and other nations became involved. This conflict led to the collapse of several empires, including Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. The war’s aftermath also sparked revolutions and paved the way for World War II. The video details the key events, motivations, and alliances that contributed to the outbreak of the war.

Takeaways

• 😀 The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, was the spark that ignited World War I.
• 😀 Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were killed by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian nationalist group Black Hand.
• 😀 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, after Serbia failed to meet its ultimatum.
• 😀 The assassination triggered a chain reaction of declarations of war due to existing alliances between European powers.
• 😀 Russia supported Serbia, while Germany, allied with Austria-Hungary, declared war on Russia.
• 😀 France, allied with Russia, declared war on Germany, and Germany invaded Belgium, leading to Britain's declaration of war.
• 😀 World War I was primarily fought between two major alliances: the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire) and the Allied Powers (United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan, and later the United States).
• 😀 The war caused the collapse of four major empires: the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire.
• 😀 The war also led to the Russian Revolution of 1917, which resulted in the establishment of a communist government in Russia.
• 😀 The geopolitical instability caused by World War I set the stage for World War II due to unresolved issues and the harsh conditions of the Treaty of Versailles.

Q & A

What event triggered the start of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, triggered the start of World War I.

Who was responsible for assassinating Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian terrorist group called the Black Hand, was responsible for assassinating Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie.

What were the main alliances involved in World War I?

The two main alliances in World War I were the Central Powers, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Allies, which included the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan, and later the United States.

What was the role of Serbia in the assassination of Franz Ferdinand?

Serbia was linked to the assassination through the Black Hand, a nationalist terrorist group that sought to break away from Austria-Hungary. Gavrilo Princip, the assassin, was connected to this group, though Serbia's government denied direct involvement.

How did Austria-Hungary respond to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand?

Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia, demanding harsh terms for the assassination. When Serbia did not fully accept all the conditions, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.

What was the significance of Russia's involvement in the conflict?

Russia supported Serbia as part of their alliance and, upon Austria-Hungary's declaration of war, began mobilizing its forces. This action triggered Germany to declare war on Russia, further escalating the conflict.

How did Germany's involvement escalate the war?

Germany, after assuring Austria-Hungary of its support, declared war on Russia. Following this, Germany invaded Belgium on August 4, 1914, which led to the United Kingdom declaring war on Germany.

Why did France and the United Kingdom enter the war?

France and the United Kingdom entered the war due to their alliances with Russia. When Germany declared war on Russia and invaded Belgium, these countries honored their commitments to their allies and declared war on Germany.

What was the political situation in the Balkans before World War I?

The political situation in the Balkans was unstable, with many nationalistic movements and tensions between the major European powers. The annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary aggravated these tensions and contributed to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand.

How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand lead to wider European conflict?

The assassination led to a chain reaction of events. Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia, followed by Russia's mobilization and Germany's support for Austria-Hungary, caused a wider conflict as alliances between European powers quickly drew them into war.