EPS 29 "Plus-Minus Aliran Qadariyah dan Jabariyah"

Summary

This episode discusses the theological debate between the Qadariyah and Jabariyah schools of thought in Islam. Qadariyah believes in human free will and autonomy in determining one's actions and destiny, while Jabariyah argues that all human actions are predetermined by God's will, leaving no room for free choice. The speaker highlights how these contrasting beliefs influence Islamic progress and resilience. Notable interpretations by Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani attempt to reconcile these views, presenting a balanced understanding. The speaker concludes with a lesson on humility and the dangers of underestimating others based on appearances.

Takeaways

• 🕌 The discussion centers on the theological debate between Qadariyah and Jabariyah, particularly their views on human will and divine intervention.
• 📝 Qadariyah believes that humans have full freedom and independence in determining their actions and life choices without any intervention from God.
• 📜 Qadariyah references Quranic verses such as 'Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change themselves' to support their viewpoint.
• 👥 Jabariyah, especially the extreme interpretation, views humans as having no real control over their actions, as everything is predetermined by God’s will.
• 📖 Jabariyah relies on verses like 'And Allah has created you and what you do,' to support their belief in divine control over all human actions.
• ⚖️ Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani offers an interpretation attempting to harmonize both views, suggesting that God creates the objects of human actions but not the actions themselves.
• 📈 Qadariyah’s dynamic perspective is said to promote progress in science, culture, and technology, while Jabariyah is often linked to fatalism and stagnation.
• ⚔️ Despite Jabariyah’s fatalistic view, it contributed to the early Islamic expansion by fostering courage in battle, as fighters believed their time of death was solely in God’s hands.
• 🧘‍♂️ Jabariyah followers are noted for their resilience in the face of adversity, believing that all events, including personal tragedies, are part of God’s plan.
• 🧠 A debate between a Qadariyah scholar and a Jabariyah scholar highlighted that appearances can be deceptive, with wisdom and insight not always tied to outward symbols of knowledge.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in this episode?

The main topic is the comparison of the Qadariyah and Jabariyah schools of thought in Islamic theology, particularly concerning human free will and God's power.

What does the Qadariyah school of thought believe?

The Qadariyah school believes that humans have freedom and autonomy in determining their actions and fate. They argue that people are responsible for their own good and bad deeds, without divine intervention.

What Quranic verse is used by the Qadariyah to support their belief?

The Qadariyah refer to the verse: 'Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves.' (Quran 13:11), among others, to argue that humans are responsible for their own fate.

How does the Jabariyah school of thought differ from the Qadariyah?

The Jabariyah school believes that humans have no real freedom or autonomy, and that all actions are determined by God's will. They argue that humans act according to God's predetermined plan, like puppets controlled by a puppet master.

What Quranic verse does the Jabariyah use to support their view?

The Jabariyah often cite the verse: 'And Allah created you and what you do.' (Quran 37:96), suggesting that even human actions are created by God.

How does Syekh Nawawi albantani interpret the verse used by the Jabariyah?

Syekh Nawawi albantani offers a different interpretation of the verse 'And Allah created you and what you do.' He suggests that what is created by God is the object of human actions, such as wood being carved, not the act of carving itself, which he attributes to human agency.

What is the potential consequence of following Qadariyah thought, according to the speaker?

The speaker argues that adopting Qadariyah thought could lead to the progress of the Muslim community, as it promotes dynamism, personal responsibility, and innovation.

What is the potential consequence of following Jabariyah thought?

The speaker suggests that the fatalistic nature of Jabariyah thought could hinder progress, as it promotes surrender to God's will in all matters, leading to passivity and lack of motivation to improve.

What historical example does the speaker use to illustrate the impact of Jabariyah thought?

The speaker cites the military successes during the early Islamic expansion, particularly during the time of Umar ibn Khattab and the Umayyad dynasty, as an example of how the belief that death is predestined gave soldiers bravery in battle, a key contribution of Jabariyah thought.

What lesson does the speaker draw from the debate between a Qadariyah and a Jabariyah scholar?

The speaker highlights that one should not underestimate people based on their appearance, as the seemingly simple Jabariyah scholar presented a profound challenge to the Qadariyah scholar, who was unable to reverse the act of picking a tree branch as a demonstration of human free will.