Berbeda Tapi Satu Tuhan.!! 7 Aliran Dalam Agama Islam dan Sejarahnya

Summary

This video script offers an insightful exploration of various Islamic sects, diving into the differences between Sunni, Shia, Khawarij, Mu'tazila, Murji'ah, Qadariyah, and Jabariyah. It explains the core beliefs and historical contexts of each sect, discussing their origins, key figures, and distinct theological perspectives. The video provides an overview of Sunni Islam as the largest sect, introduces the Shia belief in the leadership of Ali, and delves into the more philosophical and rational approaches of Mu'tazila and the political neutrality of Murji'ah. It concludes with an exploration of Qadariyah's and Jabariyah's views on human free will and divine predestination.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sunni Islam is the largest sect in Islam, constituting around 90% of the Muslim population worldwide, with four major schools of thought: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hambali.
• 😀 The name Ahlussunnah Waljamaah (Sunni) refers to those who follow the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his companions, emphasizing the Quran and Hadith as sources of law.
• 😀 Shia Islam emerged from the belief that Ali bin Abi Talib should have succeeded Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as the rightful caliph, leading to a distinct group that values the Ahlul Bait (Prophet's family).
• 😀 The largest subgroup of Shia Islam is the Isna Ashariyyah (12 Imams), with a significant following in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria.
• 😀 The Khawarij were a radical group that split from Ali bin Abi Talib's supporters, rejecting any peace negotiations with Muawiyah and calling for strict interpretations of Islamic law.
• 😀 Mu'tazilah is known as the rationalist sect in Islam, emphasizing reason and philosophy to understand theological matters, particularly around sin and the nature of free will.
• 😀 Murji'ah was a political and theological group that advocated for suspending judgment on people's faith, deferring all decisions about sin and belief to God alone.
• 😀 The Qodariyah sect emphasized human free will, believing that individuals have control over their actions, which contrasts with the belief in divine predestination.
• 😀 Jabariyah followers, in contrast to the Qodariyah, held that human beings are completely under God's will and have no freedom in their actions.
• 😀 Many of these sects have historical roots in political conflicts during the early years of Islam, often involving disputes over succession and leadership, which evolved into theological differences.

Q & A

What is Ahlussunnah Waljamaah (Sunni) in Islam?

Ahlussunnah Waljamaah (Sunni) is the largest sect in Islam, representing those who follow the teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his companions. The sect's primary sources are the Quran and Hadith. Sunnis are divided into four main schools of thought: Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi'i, and Hambali.

How many Muslims worldwide belong to the Sunni sect?

According to data from the World Population Review, approximately 90% of Muslims, or about 1.5 billion out of 1.9 billion Muslims worldwide, follow the Sunni sect.

What distinguishes Shia Islam from Sunni Islam?

Shia Islam believes that Ali bin Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), should have been the rightful successor after the Prophet's death, not the other companions. Shia Muslims only recognize the descendants of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), known as Ahlul Bait, as legitimate leaders.

What is the largest Shia sect, and where is it primarily found?

The largest Shia sect is the Isna Ashariyyah, or the Twelver Shia, which recognizes twelve imams. The majority of Twelver Shia Muslims live in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria.

Who were the Khawarij, and what were their main beliefs?

The Khawarij were a group that broke away from the supporters of Ali bin Abi Talib during the early Islamic civil wars. They disagreed with Ali’s peace agreement with Muawiyah and believed in a strict, harsh interpretation of Islamic principles. They famously rejected arbitration and sought to enforce their beliefs through violence.

What is the historical context behind the formation of the Khawarij sect?

The Khawarij sect emerged during the Battle of Siffin in 37 Hijriyah when Ali bin Abi Talib agreed to arbitration with Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan. The Khawarij rejected this reconciliation, leading them to break away from Ali’s camp and form their own group.

What is the Mu'tazilah school of thought, and what makes it unique?

The Mu'tazilah school is a rationalist Islamic sect that emphasizes the use of reason and philosophy in theology. They are known for their belief in free will and their stance on the non-eternity of the Quran. Mu'tazilah also rejected certain supernatural aspects of Islam, such as the miraculous night journey of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to the heavens (Mi'raj).

What do the Murji'ah believe about the status of a Muslim who commits major sins?

The Murji'ah believe that the decision of whether a Muslim who commits major sins is considered a disbeliever or remains a believer should be left to Allah. They advocate for a neutral stance, postponing judgments on people's faith until the Day of Judgment.

What is the doctrine of Qadariyah, and how does it relate to free will?

The Qadariyah doctrine teaches that humans possess the freedom and power to determine their own actions and life choices, independent of God's will. Followers of Qadariyah reject the idea of predestination and emphasize individual responsibility and free will.

How does the Jabariyah school of thought differ from Qadariyah?

In contrast to Qadariyah, the Jabariyah school believes that humans do not have free will and that all actions are predestined by Allah. According to Jabariyah, people are compelled to act according to God's will and have no autonomy over their actions.