Presentasi Kelompok 1 Aqidah Akhlak - Jabariyah, Qadariyah, Mu'tazilah, Asy'ariyah, dan Maturidiyah

Summary

This presentation discusses the teachings of Kalam Science, focusing on five key schools of thought: Jabariyah, Qodariyah, Mu'tazilah, Ash'ariyah, and Maturidiyah. The video introduces the historical background and fundamental beliefs of each school, emphasizing their views on free will, divine justice, and the nature of Allah. Each speaker elaborates on the figures and doctrines that shaped these theological traditions, offering a comprehensive overview of Islamic theology's intellectual development. The presentation is part of a class project aiming to explore these key schools' contributions to Islamic thought.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video presentation covers various schools of Kalam science, specifically Jabariyah, Qodariyah, Mu'tazilah, Ash'ariyah, and Maturidiyah, explaining their history and key teachings.
• 😀 Jabariyah, a theological sect, emerged in the 2nd century Hijri in Khorasan and emphasizes the idea that humans are forced by fate with no choice or free will in their actions.
• 😀 The key figures in Jabariyah's history include Zat bin Dirham and Jaham Bin Shafwan, who advocated for the belief in divine predestination without human agency.
• 😀 Qodariyah, the oldest theological school in Islam, emerged during the Umayyad dynasty and posits that humans have free will, contradicting Jabariyah’s doctrine of predestination.
• 😀 The Qodariyah school emphasizes the justice of Allah, with a focus on human free will and responsibility for their actions, with key figures like Ma'bad al-Juhani and Ghailan.
• 😀 The Mu'tazilah school, founded in the 2nd century Hijri, prioritizes reason and rationality in theology and is known for its belief in human free will, as well as its stance on monotheism and the nature of the Quran.
• 😀 One of the key doctrines of Mu'tazilah is that a believer who commits a major sin holds an ambiguous status, neither a believer nor an infidel, a position between the two extremes.
• 😀 The Ash'ariyah school, closely tied to Ahlussunnah Waljama'ah, was founded by Abu al-Hasan Ali Bin Ash'ari and is considered one of the main theological schools in Islam.
• 😀 Ash'ariyah and Maturidiyah are similar in many of their teachings and are both regarded as foundational to Ahlussunnah Waljama'ah, with prominent figures such as Al-Baqillani, Al-Juwaini, and Al-Ghazali.
• 😀 The Maturidiyah school, founded by Abu Mansur Muhammad Al-Maturidi, advocates for a rational and traditional approach to theology and emphasizes the belief that a believer who commits a major sin is still considered a believer.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video presented by Group 1?

The main focus of the video is to explain the teachings of Kalam science, specifically the history, figures, and key beliefs of five theological schools: Jabariyah, Qodariyah, Mu'tazilah, Ash'ariyah, and Maturidiyah.

What is the historical background of the Jabariyah school?

The Jabariyah school emerged in the second century Hijriah in the region of Khurasan. It was first introduced by figures like Zat bin Dirham and Jaham Bin Shafwan, who taught that humans are forced by fate without the ability to choose or make efforts.

How does the Qodariyah school differ from the Jabariyah school?

The Qodariyah school believes that humans have free will and the ability to decide their actions, whereas the Jabariyah school teaches that humans are forced by fate and lack the ability to choose or influence their actions.

What was the role of political turmoil in the development of the Qodariyah school?

The Qodariyah school emerged during political turmoil in the Umayyad dynasty (661-750 AD). The school's ideas about free will were partly a response to these political challenges, as well as theological debates within Islam at the time.

What is the core belief of the Mu'tazilah school of thought?

The Mu'tazilah school prioritizes reason and rationality. It emphasizes human free will, the justice of Allah, and the idea that human actions have consequences, with Allah rewarding or punishing individuals based on their actions.

How did the Mu'tazilah school originate?

The Mu'tazilah school originated in the second century Hijriah in Iraq. It was founded by Wasil bin Ata, who separated himself from his teacher Hasan al-Basri over a theological disagreement about the status of a believer who commits a major sin.

What is the significance of the Ash'ariyah school in Islamic theology?

The Ash'ariyah school is one of the most important theological schools in Islam. It is considered part of the Ahlussunnah Waljama'ah and is attributed to Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari. It seeks a balance between reason and tradition in understanding divine will and human action.

What are the key teachings of the Ash'ariyah school?

The Ash'ariyah school focuses on the concept of God's power, knowledge, and will, advocating for belief in the unseen and the acceptance of divine will. It also stresses the importance of following the traditional understanding of Islamic teachings.

Who are the prominent figures associated with the Ash'ariyah school?

Prominent figures associated with the Ash'ariyah school include Al-Baqillani, Al-Juwaini, and Al-Ghazali, who helped shape and spread the school’s theological beliefs.

What is the origin of the Maturidiyah school and its core teachings?

The Maturidiyah school originated in Samarkand in the 9th century AD, with its founder Abu Mansur Muhammad Al-Maturidi. The school emphasizes a rational approach to theology, affirming that a believer who commits a major sin remains a believer and that Allah's promises and threats must come true.