How to Identify Lewis Acids and Lewis Base
Summary
TLDRIn this video, students are introduced to the concepts of Lewis acids and bases. The instructor explains how to determine whether a compound is an acid or a base by examining the central atom and its electron configuration. Lewis acids have incomplete octets, often seen in compounds like FeCl3, AlCl3, and BF3, where the central atom lacks 8 electrons. In contrast, Lewis bases have lone pairs of electrons, as found in compounds like NH3 and alcohols. The video concludes with examples and conditions for identifying Lewis acids and bases.
Takeaways
- 🔬 Welcome to Chemistry Academy! Today's video covers how to identify Lewis acids and bases.
- 📚 Lewis acids typically have an incomplete octet, meaning the central atom has fewer than 8 electrons.
- 💡 In compounds like FeCl3, AlCl3, and BF3, the central atoms (Fe, Al, B) have only 6 electrons, making them Lewis acids.
- 🔋 Lewis acids are positively charged cations that can accept electron pairs.
- 🧪 Examples of Lewis acids include compounds with central atoms that have incomplete octets or positive charges, like calcium, sodium, hydrogen, and silver.
- ⚛️ Lewis bases have a lone pair of electrons that they can donate, making them electron pair donors.
- 🧬 Compounds like NH3 (ammonia), amines, and alcohols are Lewis bases because they contain atoms (like nitrogen or oxygen) with lone electron pairs.
- ⚠️ Negative charges, such as cyanide ions, also indicate Lewis bases, as they have lone pairs available for donation.
- 🎯 The key distinction between Lewis acids and bases: acids accept electron pairs, while bases donate electron pairs.
- 👍 If you found this video helpful, don't forget to like and subscribe to the channel!
Q & A
What is the main topic discussed in the video?
-The main topic discussed in the video is the identification of Lewis acids and bases in chemistry.
What is a Lewis acid according to the video?
-A Lewis acid is a compound that can accept a pair of electrons, such as FeCl3, AlCl3, and BF3, which have central atoms with incomplete octets.
What is a Lewis base according to the video?
-A Lewis base is a compound that can donate a pair of electrons, such as NH3, H2O, and alcohols, which have atoms with lone pairs of electrons.
What is the significance of the central atom in the context of Lewis acids and bases?
-The central atom in a compound determines whether it acts as a Lewis acid or base. If the central atom has an incomplete octet, it can accept electrons and is a Lewis acid. If it has a lone pair of electrons, it can donate them and is a Lewis base.
How can you identify a Lewis acid from the script?
-A Lewis acid can be identified if the central atom in the compound has less than an octet of electrons, indicating it can accept electrons.
How can you identify a Lewis base from the script?
-A Lewis base can be identified if the compound has atoms with lone pairs of electrons that are available for donation.
What is the role of lone pairs in determining the behavior of a compound as a Lewis base?
-Lone pairs are crucial in determining if a compound will act as a Lewis base because they are the electrons that can be donated to an acid.
What is the concept of 'lone pair of electrons' mentioned in the video?
-The concept of 'lone pair of electrons' refers to a pair of electrons that are not involved in bonding and are available for donation to a Lewis acid.
Why are compounds with central atoms having 6 electrons significant in the video?
-Compounds with central atoms having 6 electrons are significant because these atoms can either complete their octet by accepting two more electrons, making them Lewis acids, or they can donate their lone pair, making them Lewis bases.
What is the difference between a Lewis acid and a Lewis base as explained in the video?
-The difference lies in their ability to accept or donate electron pairs. A Lewis acid can accept an electron pair, while a Lewis base can donate an electron pair.
How does the video explain the concept of electron acceptance in Lewis acids?
-The video explains that Lewis acids are compounds where the central atom has less than an octet and can accept electron pairs to complete its octet.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Identifying Acids and Bases
The video begins by welcoming students to Chemistry Academy and introduces the topic of identifying acids and bases at the 25th level. The main focus is on how to determine whether a given compound is an acid or base. The central theme is the conditions that indicate if a substance is an acid, specifically in relation to the incomplete octet of the central atom.
🔍 Identifying Lewis Acids through Incomplete Octet
This section explains how to identify Lewis acids by looking for a central atom with an incomplete octet. The example compounds like FeCl3, AlCl3, and BF3 are mentioned, where the central atom lacks eight electrons. If the central atom has only six electrons in its outer shell, it qualifies as a Lewis acid.
⚛️ Central Atom and Electron Deficiency in Acids
The explanation continues about Lewis acids, emphasizing that central atoms such as in AlCl3 and BF3, having six electrons in their outer shell, make them Lewis acids. The paragraph stresses the idea that incomplete octets in such compounds lead to electron deficiency, which is characteristic of acids.
➕ Role of Cations in Lewis Acids
This part focuses on the importance of cations in determining whether a compound is a Lewis acid. Examples of cations like calcium, sodium, hydrogen, and silver are given. It is explained that these positively charged ions can accept electron pairs, which further supports their categorization as Lewis acids.
🔑 Identifying Lewis Bases through Lone Pairs
The conditions for identifying Lewis bases are discussed here. The key factor is the presence of lone pairs of electrons. If an atom in a compound, such as nitrogen in ammonia or oxygen in alcohols, has lone pairs, it is considered a Lewis base. Compounds with lone pairs are able to donate those electrons.
🔋 Negatively Charged Compounds as Lewis Bases
This section explains how negatively charged compounds, such as cyanide, act as Lewis bases. Compounds with negative charges are able to donate electron pairs, which makes them Lewis bases in chemical reactions.
🎥 Conclusion and Call to Action
The video concludes with a summary of how to differentiate between Lewis acids and bases. It invites viewers to reflect on the content and encourages them to subscribe to the channel if they found the video helpful.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Octet Rule
💡Central Atom
💡Lewis Acid
💡Lewis Base
💡Coordinate Covalent Bond
💡Lone Pair
💡Hybridization
💡Valence Electrons
💡Ionization
💡Charge
💡Polarity
Highlights
Introduction to the concept of Lewis acids and bases for chemistry students.
Explanation of how to identify a Lewis acid when given a compound.
Discussion on the two conditions for a central atom to be a Lewis acid.
The importance of having an incomplete octet for a central atom to be a Lewis acid.
Examples of compounds where the central atom is a Lewis acid, such as FeCl3 and AlCl3.
Explanation of how BF3 has a central atom with an incomplete octet, making it a Lewis acid.
Differentiating between a Lewis acid and a Lewis base based on electron acceptor and donor properties.
Description of how a Lewis base has a lone pair of electrons available for donation.
Examples of Lewis bases, including NH3, H2O, and alcohols.
The role of nitrogen in ammonia and nitro compounds as a lone pair electron donor.
Explanation of how oxygen in alcohols can act as a lone pair electron donor.
Identification of Lewis bases by the presence of a lone pair on any atom in a compound.
The significance of positive charges on atoms that can accept electrons, indicating they are Lewis acids.
Examples of elements that can act as Lewis acids, such as calcium, sodium, hydrogen, and silver.
The concept that Lewis acids can accept electron pairs from multiple positively charged atoms.
Conclusion of the video's educational content on distinguishing between Lewis acids and bases.
Encouragement for viewers to engage with the content and subscribe to the channel for more chemistry lessons.
Transcripts
वेलकम तू केमिस्ट्री अकादमी स्टूडेंट्स आज
की वीडियो में हम बढ़ेंगे हो तू ऐड 25
लेवल एसेट एंड बेस आपको कोई कंपाउंड दिया
जाता है और आपसे पूछा जाता है बताइए की
लीवर बेस है तो आप लोगों को कैसे पता
चलेगा तो लीवर के लिए जो कंडीशन से में वो
आप लोग ने दो ही कंडीशंस हैं जिम रखनी है
के इन कंप्लीट ऑक्टेंट जो सेंट्रल एटम
होगा सेंट्रल एटम जिसके साथ बाकी एटम्स
होते हुए सेंट्रल एटम होता है जैसे की
fecl3 में देखा जाए तो फ सेंट्रल एटम है
alcl3 में अल सेंट्रल एटम में bf3 में बी
सेंट्रल में किस सेंट्रल एटम का अगर
ऑक्टेंट इनकंप्लीट है ऑक्टेंट इनकंप्लीट
है यानी की उसके पास 8 इलेक्ट्रॉन नहीं है
तो इसका मतलब लीवर एसिड होगा वो क्या होगा
लीवर होगा अगर इन कंप्लीट
cl3 और bf3 में देखा जाए की इनके पास 6
इलेक्ट्रॉन है जिनका ऑक्टेंट कंप्लीट नहीं
है सिर्फ सेंट्रल एटम की बात हो रही है
यहां पे मैंने लिखा भी एक सेंट्रल एटम जो
है वो एफ आई एल है इनके पास 6 इलेक्ट्रॉन
है इनका आउटलेट कंप्लीट नहीं है तो इसका
मतलब ये लीवर
अगर अपने जेल में रखने के ऑल सिंपल कटयन
जितने
होते हैं जिनके ऊपर पॉजिटिव चार्जेस कहते
हैं
मसाला जहां पर कैल्सियम यहां पर सोडियम
हाइड्रोजन है ठीक है सिल्वर है ये सारे के
सारे यहां पर के टाइम है कटयन जो होंगे
लीवर
बहुत है जो इलेक्ट्रॉन का पैर एक्सेप्ट कर
सके तो ये सारे के सारे पॉजिटिव चार्ज
वाले इलेक्ट्रॉन एक्सेप्ट कर सकते हैं तो
इसलिए ये लीवर
बेस के लिए दो कंडीशंस हैं पहले कंडीशन से
क्या हेविंग लोन पैर ऑफ इलेक्ट्रॉन तो अगर
किसी के पास लोन पैर ऑफ इलेक्ट्रॉन है तो
इसका मतलब बेस है तो nh3 है रन है तू अमीन
है और अल्कोहल है अमोनिया में नाइट्रोजन
में भी नाइट्रोजन पास लोन पैर है इसी तरह
अल्कोहल के केस में ऑक्सीजन के पास लोन
पैर है तो जिसके पास भी लोन पैर होगा अगर
आपको कंपाउंड में किसी एक एटम के पास भी
लोन पर नजर ए रहा है तो इसका मतलब वो चीज
बेस है
यानी जिनके ऊपर नेगेटिव चार्ज होगा वो
सारे के सारे लीवर बेस होंगी मतलब साइनाइड
कलर
तो यह आज की वीडियो तो मेरे को आप लोगों
को समझ ए गई है की कैसे हम लोग कन्ज्यूगेट
ओ सॉरी कैसे हम लीवर सीज़र और लीवर से बेस
में फर्क कर सकते हैं तो अगर आपको वीडियो
अच्छी लगे तो प्लीज मेरा चैनल
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