A Rare Look at the Secret Life of Orangutans | Short Film Showcase

National Geographic
2 Jul 201817:24

Summary

TLDRDie Transkript-Quelle beschreibt die faszinierende Welt der Orang-Utans, die in den tropischen Regenwäldern von Sumatra und Borneo heimisch sind. Sie erzählen von der ähnlichen Art, wie sie und wir Menschen einst die Welt erkundeten, und wie sie kulturelle Traditionen zeigen, die uns viel über unsere gemeinsame Abstammung verraten. Die Orang-Utans sind jedoch bedroht durch den Verlust ihrer Lebensräume durch den Ausbau von Plantagen, und die Wissenschaftler müssen gegen den zeitlichen Wettlauf, um ihre einzigartigen Verhaltensweisen zu dokumentieren, bevor sie für immer verloren gehen. Die Erhaltung dieser Art ist dringend notwendig, um das Verständnis unseres evolutionären Ursprungs und die Vielfalt des Lebens auf der Erde zu bewahren.

Takeaways

  • 🌳 Sieben Millionen Jahre geleden gab es auf der Erde noch keine Menschen oder Vormenschen, sondern nur große Affen.
  • 🌄 Der Sprecher beschreibt ein Erlebnis, bei dem er einen Orang-Utan beobachtete, der ähnliche Aktionen wie er selbst ausführte, um sich nass zu halten, was die Ähnlichkeit der Verhaltensweisen hervorhebt.
  • 🌅 Forschungsteams müssen früh aufstehen und lange Strecken durch den Regenwald laufen, um die Orang-Utans zu beobachten und zu studieren.
  • 🏞️ Orang-Utans sind in Sumatra und Borneo in Südostasien heimisch und leben in den verbleibenden gut erhaltenen Regenwäldern dieser Inseln.
  • 🔍 Die Forscher haben in verschiedenen Habitaten der Nationalparks长达二十年的 Langzeitstudien durchgeführt und einzigartige Verhaltensweisen dokumentiert.
  • 🎓 Die Forscher haben gelernt, dass andere Arten, einschließlich Orang-Utans, Kultur haben, was ihnen eine gewisse Flexibilität und Anpassungsfähigkeit verleiht, ähnlich wie der menschlichen Kultur.
  • 🗣️ Orang-Utans haben verschiedene lokalisierte Brauchtümer, wie das Machen von Kuss-Squeak-Vokalisationen oder das Herstellen von Liedern aus Blättern, die sie auf andere Orang-Utans oder Menschen werfen.
  • 🛌 Orang-Utans bauen Neste, um sicher im Baum zu schlafen, und es gibt Variationen in der Art und Weise, wie sie diese Neste herstellen, einschließlich des Hinzufügens eines Kissens.
  • 💡 Die Forscher haben gelernt, dass durch das Beobachten und Lernen von Orang-Utans neue Fragen gestellt und interessantere Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden können.
  • 🌿 Der Verlust der Regenwälder in Borneo und Sumatra hat zu einer drastischen Abnahme der Orang-Utan-Population geführt, und es bedarf dringender Konservationsmaßnahmen.
  • 🏆 Die Orang-Utan-Kultur und ihr Überleben sind wertvoll und müssen durch Dokumentation und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit geschützt werden.

Q & A

  • Wie alt ist das Transkript, das du analysierst?

    -Das Transkript bezieht sich auf Ereignisse, die in der Vergangenheit stattgefunden haben, aber keine spezifische Datierung wird gegeben. Es ist daher nicht möglich, ein genaues Alter des Transkripts zu bestimmen.

  • Welche Art von Affen werden in dem Transkript erwähnt?

    -In dem Transkript werden Orang-Utans, eine Art großer Menschenaffen, erwähnt, die in Sumatra und Borneo in Südostasien leben.

  • Wie ähnlich sind die Orang-Utans in ihrem Verhalten zu Menschen?

    -Die Orang-Utans zeigen kulturelle Traditionen im Verhalten, die ähnlich sind wie die von Menschen, wie zum Beispiel das Finden von Nahrung, das Bauen von Nestern und die Verwendung von Objekten als Schirm oder Pfeil.

  • Woher wissen wir, dass Orang-Utans Kultur haben?

    -Forscher haben beobachtet, dass Orang-Utans verschiedene lokale Bräuche und Handlungen ausüben, die voneinander unterscheiden und von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben werden, was auf eine kulturelle Übertragung hindeutet.

  • Was ist das Ziel des Forschers, der das Transkript gegeben hat?

    -Das Ziel des Forschers ist es, die Orang-Utans über einen ganzen Jahreszeitraum zu beobachten, um einzigartiges Verhalten zu dokumentieren, das zuvor nicht erfasst wurde, und so ein besseres Verständnis der Menschwerdung und der Kultur der Orang-Utans zu erlangen.

  • Welche Bedrohungen stehen Orang-Utans heute gegenüber?

    -Orang-Utans sind stark bedroht durch den Verlust ihrer natürlichen Lebensräume aufgrund von Waldrodung und Umwandlung in Plantagen, was zu einer drastischen Verringerung ihrer Population geführt hat.

  • Wie kann man den Orang-Utans und ihrer Art helfen?

    -Durch die Förderung von Bildung und Bewusstsein über ihre Situation, die Unterstützung von Konservierungsbemühungen und die Verbreitung von Informationen über ihre Bedeutung für die Natur und die Menschwerdung.

  • Wie oft bekommen Orang-Utans ein Baby?

    -Orang-Utans haben im Durchschnitt ein Baby etwa alle sieben oder acht Jahre, da sie eine der Langsamsten reproduzierenden Säugetiere sind.

  • Welche Rolle spielen Nestbau und das Erstellen von Schirmen für Orang-Utans?

    -Nestbau und das Erstellen von Schirmen sind wichtige Überlebensstrategien von Orang-Utans, um sich im Regenwald vor Feuchte und Kälte zu schützen und sich in den Bäumen sicher von Bodenpredatoren zu fühlen.

  • Welche verschiedenen Arten von Schirmen erstellen Orang-Utans?

    -Orang-Utans können ganze Äste abbrechen und zu einem Schirm modifizieren oder Äste über ihren Köpfen zusammenlegen, um einen Dach auszubauen, der effektiv ist, um trocken zu bleiben, während sie schlafen.

  • Wie unterscheidet sich das Verhalten der Orang-Utans in verschiedenen Gebieten?

    -Es gibt kulturelle Variationen im Verhalten der Orang-Utans, die von einem Gebiet zum anderen variieren können, wie zum Beispiel die Art und Weise, wie sie sich grüßen oder Nahrung finden.

Outlines

00:00

🌄 Early Morning Encounter with Orangutans

The narrator describes a dawn encounter with an orangutan while crossing a river, highlighting the striking similarity in behavior between humans and great apes. The paragraph details the narrator's routine of waking up early, hiking through the rainforest, and the challenges of finding solitary orangutans. It also touches upon the narrator's work in a national park in Southeast Asia, where they have been studying orangutans for twenty years alongside their wife, Sheryl.

05:03

🌲 Observing Unique Behaviors and Cultural Traditions

This paragraph delves into the narrator's discovery of cultural traditions among orangutans, which was a revelation as they previously believed only humans possessed culture. The narrator shares experiences of observing orangutans' unique vocalizations and social behaviors, comparing them to human cultural practices. The paragraph also discusses the importance of understanding human evolution through the study of great apes and the urgency of conservation efforts due to the rapid decline in orangutan populations.

10:06

🌳 Variability in Orangutan Nest Building

The narrator explores the different methods orangutans use to build nests, emphasizing the variation and adaptability in these behaviors. The paragraph describes how orangutans create shelters from branches and leaves to protect themselves from rain, and how some individuals even make pillows for added comfort. The narrator reflects on the importance of documenting these cultural variations before they disappear and the challenges faced by orangutans due to habitat loss and the need for immediate conservation action.

15:06

🌏 The Importance of Conservation and Awareness

In this paragraph, the narrator stresses the critical need for conservation and the role of media in raising awareness about orangutans. The paragraph discusses the unique characteristics of each orangutan population and the importance of understanding these differences. The narrator also contemplates the intelligence and emotions of orangutans, reflecting on the potential loss of these magnificent creatures if conservation efforts do not succeed.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Orangutans

Orangutans sind große Affen, die in den Tropenregenwäldern von Sumatra und Borneo in Südostasien heimisch sind. Sie sind eng mit dem Menschen verwandt und haben eine einzigartige Kultur, die durch ihre Handlungen und Verhaltensweisen gezeigt wird. Im Video wird ihre Ähnlichkeit mit menschlichen Handlungen hervorgehoben, wie beim Überqueren eines Flusses oder beim Nestbau, um ihre Verbindung zum Menschen und die Bedeutung der Erhaltung dieser Art zu betonen.

💡Human Evolution

Human Evolution bezieht sich auf den Prozess, durch den die heutigen Menschen (Homo sapiens) entstanden sind. Dies geschah durch eine Reihe von Veränderungen und Anpassungen, die über Millionen von Jahren-evolvierten. Im Video wird die Evolution des Menschen thematisiert, indem der Orangutan als ein Beispiel für eine Art, die uns sehr nahe steht und die Vergangenheit des Menschen widerspiegelt, hervor gebracht wird.

💡Cultural Variations

Cultural Variations beziehen sich auf die Unterschiede in den kulturellen Praktiken und Verhaltensweisen innerhalb einer Art oder einer Gesellschaft. Im Kontext des Videos zeigen kulturelle Variationen die einzigartigen Handlungen und Traditionen der Orangutans, die von einem Ort zum anderen variieren können, ähnlich wie bei Menschen in verschiedenen Ländern.

💡Conservation

Der Begriff 'Conservation' bezieht sich auf die Erhaltung und den Schutz von natürlichen Ressourcen, Lebewesen und Ökosystemen. Im Video wird betont, wie wichtig es ist, Orangutans und ihre Lebensräume zu schützen, da sie für die biologische Vielfalt und die Erhaltung des menschlichen Erbes von großer Bedeutung sind.

💡Habitat

Ein Habitat ist der natürliche Lebensraum einer Art, in dem sie sich fortpflanzen und überleben kann. Im Video wird der Lebensraum der Orangutans, der tropische Regenwald, als Teil ihrer Identität und als wichtiger Bestandteil ihrer Überlebensstrategie hervorgehoben.

💡Research

Forschung bezieht sich auf das Systematische Sammeln und Analysieren von Daten, um Wissen zu erweitern und Fragen zu beantworten. Im Video wird die Bedeutung der Forschung auf das Verständnis der Orangutans, ihrer Kultur und ihrer Bedürfnisse hervorgehoben, um effektive Erhaltungsstrategien zu entwickeln.

💡Nesting Behavior

Nesting Behavior ist das Verhalten von Tieren, die Nester bauen, um sich oder ihre Jungen zu schützen und zu versorgen. Im Video wird der Nestbau der Orangutans als ein Beispiel für ihre kognitive Fähigkeiten und ihre Anpassungsfähigkeit diskutiert.

💡Reproduction Rate

Die Reproduktionsrate bezieht sich auf die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine Art sich fortpflanzt und Nachkommen hervorbringt. Bei Orangutans ist die Reproduktionsrate langsam, da sie etwa alle sieben oder acht Jahre ein Kind haben, was zu einer langsamen Populationswachstum führt.

💡Deforestation

Deforestation ist der Prozess des Rodens oder Zerrüttens von Bäumen und anderen Pflanzen in einem bestimmten Gebiet, was zu einer Vernichtung des Lebensraums führt. Im Video wird die Zerstörung des tropischen Regenwalds in Borneo und Sumatra als Hauptgrund für den dramatischen Rückgang der Orangutanpopulation diskutiert.

💡Media Coverage

Media Coverage bezieht sich auf die Berichterstattung über bestimmte Themen oder Ereignisse in den Medien. Im Video wird betont, wie wichtig es ist, die Geschichte der Orangutans und die Notwendigkeit ihrer Erhaltung durch Medienberichte zu verbreiten, um das Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit zu schärfen und Unterstützung für den Schutz dieser Art zu gewinnen.

💡Anthropology

Anthropologie ist die wissenschaftliche Studie der Menschheit, ihrer Kulturen, Verhaltensweisen und sozialen Strukturen. Im Video wird die Bedeutung der Anthropologie für das Verständnis der kulturellen Praktiken der Orangutans und ihrer Ähnlichkeiten mit menschlichen Gesellschaften betont.

Highlights

Seven million years ago, there were no humans or pre-humans, only great apes similar to today's.

An encounter with a male orangutan crossing a river, highlighting the similarity of their actions to human behavior.

Researchers must wake up early, around 3:30 AM, to observe orangutans in their natural habitat, emphasizing the dedication to study their behavior.

Orangutans are primarily solitary and difficult to find, making research challenging.

Orangutans only live in Sumatra and Borneo, in the remaining rainforest areas, highlighting their limited habitat.

Long-term orangutan research projects provide insight into their behaviors and habitat needs.

Observing unique behaviors and cultural traditions among orangutans, such as tool use and social interactions.

The concept of culture in orangutans, showing behaviors passed from mother to child or adopted from peers.

The importance of studying orangutans and other great apes for understanding human evolution.

Orangutans share about 97% of their DNA with humans, offering a window into our evolutionary past.

Orangutans make use of tools, like leaves for kiss-squeaking, showing cultural variations in their behaviors.

The critical endangerment of orangutans, emphasizing the urgent need for conservation action.

Orangutans have the longest birth spacing of any mammal, which contributes to their vulnerability.

The potential loss of orangutans within this century due to habitat destruction.

The importance of bringing the rainforest and its inhabitants to public awareness for conservation efforts.

Every orangutan population is unique, highlighting the importance of preserving their diversity.

Transcripts

play00:09

something like seven million years ago

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there was nothing like a human on earth

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there was not even a pre human standing

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upright

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there were simply great apes very much

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like the ones that live with us today

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[Music]

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I was crossing the river at dawn it was

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just getting light and I was jumping

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from stone to stone to try not to get my

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boots wet as I crossed this broad stream

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and in the middle I pause then I looked

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down the stream just to kind of you know

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woke up and down the stream just to

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check out the view and when I looked

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downstream just about 20 meters away

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from me maybe 30 meters away from me at

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the most there was a big male or onit on

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and he hadn't seen me because he was

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doing the same thing as me he was going

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the other direction trying to cross the

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river without getting his feet wet I

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just was so struck by the fact that what

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he was doing was so similar to what I

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was just doing and I just felt like you

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know to a sort of passing the morning

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dawn there

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[Music]

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we usually have to get up really early

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so maybe 3:30 in the morning wake up and

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then get ready and we really need to be

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at the run upon Ness by 5:00 a.m. when

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they wake up so that means you ready and

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then hiking could be up to an hour and

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the rain forest in the dark using our

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headlamp to the nest one of the things

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that makes a heart is actually finding

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them they're primarily solitary and so

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it actually takes a long time to find

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them they can they can go outside of our

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of our study area it may take us like a

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week of search days of their person days

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to actually find their aunt on

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it's not realistic to just what hunter

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force myself and go find a neurotic on

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the photograph it's not gonna happen so

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I'm always teaming up with a research

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team that are already trusting followed

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in Toronto

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[Music]

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[Music]

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[Music]

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in the whole world

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ironic on only lived in one area

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two big islands of Sumatra and Borneo in

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Southeast Asia and within those islands

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of course they only lives in the

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remaining good areas of rainforest one

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of those is a national park called zoom

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polymers where I've been working for for

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twenty years with my wife Sheryl and

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that's where she has a long-term runtime

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project our site is deep in the interior

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of that National Park and it comprises

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the eight different habitats

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[Music]

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tamo national in american prostitute ama

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national Tolan capti indonesia Canisius

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Karen Tama national goon voluma della

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paura Hindu suppose away an eternity

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Diprivan kawasan inwardly a certificate

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are ya guru paul national park is this

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huge area over a hundred thousand

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hectares in size and challenge County

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Research Station which is where we've

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carried out most of the proton research

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academic pound is only two thousand

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hectares and these are on atoms the

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wrong times we study at chellah Ponte

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they don't necessarily stay within those

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two thousand hectares all the time so my

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goal was to stay with these wrong tones

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for five days sometimes up to ten days

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in a row over the course of an entire

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year by staying with them for these long

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periods I was also able to document

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really unique behaviors that haven't

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been captured before

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so before I studied biology and

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anthropology in college I really had no

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idea that other species had culture

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besides humans and so when I saw these

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cultural traditions in Iran for the

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first time it was sort of a really big

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sight to behold it was my first day and

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I was out early in the morning to go to

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Cho that's nest and when I got there I

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had never seen her on the town in the

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wild not even in the zoo and I was under

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his tree waiting for him to wake up

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sometime around 5:30 in the morning

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first thing he did was he let out this

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really loud long call right above me

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[Music]

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it was a very powerful experience it was

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not a sound that I for anything like it

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to meet culture is such a human element

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and to see in other species is really

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fascinating culture means so much to

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humans so almost everything we do is

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cultural both with feeding traditions

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and with social traditions you see

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things that are inherited from mother to

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child for sometimes adopted from friend

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to friend that show that behavior has

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got this wonderful flexibility

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adaptability that is so much of a

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characteristic of humans and seen in the

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great apes

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[Music]

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so around towns do this vocalization

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called kiss squeaking it's done by

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cursing their lips and making a kissing

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sound like like a roll much louder

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vocalization this week is a not a threat

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sound that they make when they actually

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meet an unfamiliar onit on they also do

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it to people sometimes including pollen

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they do this using leaves they grab some

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liens they bring it up to their mouth

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they do this kiss squeak and then they

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throw the leaves out at other field

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sites they may not use the leaves at all

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this is an example of a local custom

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that's found in that area similar to the

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way people greet each other differently

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in different countries maybe in some

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place you know people shake hands

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another place they bow so wrong times

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are also showing these interesting

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cultural variations between sites

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[Music]

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I've always been fascinated understand

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you know why we're human what makes us

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human

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you know we had so many kinds of humans

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in the past and different kinds of

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bipedal Apes you know Oscar put the

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scenes and we had some that went extinct

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and some that didn't and then involved

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into human so you know why is that you

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know why did some population of also put

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the scenes eventually evolved into the

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Homo genus I think that the human

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species is incredibly fortunate to have

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in orangutans and the other great apes

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gorillas and bonobos and chimpanzees

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representatives of what we came from we

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still share of varying a large

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percentage of our DNA with maybe around

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97% orangutans survived one window into

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understanding human evolution

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[Music]

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there's different ways that bronze ons

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make umbrellas one way is they just

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break off an entire branch and sort of

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modify this branch to make an umbrella

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other times they pull the entire branch

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towards then make a little roof over the

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head

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some were on a tongue when they're

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making a nest and it's still raining

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really hard they would actually make a

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big roof over their nests they can put

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together a bunch of branches and leaves

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and sort of weave hovering and that's a

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really effective way for them to stay

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dry while they're sleeping

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to all the great apes make this and

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they're the only primate that makes nest

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that's important because they have large

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bodies and it's a way that they can

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sleep in the trees where they're safer

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from ground predators there seems to be

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variation and kind of some subtleties of

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nest building we heard some researchers

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from another site describing that they

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made a pillow to go in the nest and we

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thought oh you know we've never seen

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that right but we'd never have thought

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about it like we just thought of making

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a nest building a platform and lying

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down and we never watched that closely

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well once we heard these researchers and

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other sites say that if they saw around

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convicting a pillow we started watching

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more carefully and then and then sure

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enough like we noticed that there are

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cons that good and pollen we're also

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sometimes making a pillow it's putting

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it down just as they plop down on top of

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it and so as researchers you know learn

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more and more about our own towns and

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know what flushes to ask know what to

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look for you know we're learning more

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interesting things

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it is so precious to be able to

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understand our connection to the natural

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world to have these other species to

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give us lessons and remind us where we

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come from

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it makes us in some ways humble it also

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makes us fascinated and yet we risk

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losing them all newton guitar and render

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it rock a paean young you can cover

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stock arendelle a student of Turin green

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de totora Trujillo energetically

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mountain yam a sativa

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every bit of course that's waah gnorga

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Ron can't live anymore because it's

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turning to alcohol plantation or burn

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down is not good for our caste and

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that's the main reason that number of

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Ron towns have been declining

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drastically over the last few decades

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it's because of the huge amount of

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forest in Borneo and Sumatra that have

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been lost

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in 2016 orangutan became critically

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endangered they are in a very top level

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of threatened category their numbers are

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decreasing at a more rapid rate than we

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had initially thought and they are in

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need of immediate conservation action

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it's gonna be a race against time to be

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able to document what are the cultural

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variation before they just disappear

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forever

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every lock on life is really important

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they only have an average of the baby

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about once every seven or eight years

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the longest of birth spacing of any

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mammal so with their slow rate of

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reproduction a lot of dogs simply can't

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sustain any kind of reduction in their

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population like that over the long term

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this century we could lose all of the

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orangutans if it carries on the rate of

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devastation in Borneo and Sumatra that's

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been seen in the recent decades we stand

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so much to gain and we stand so much to

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lose

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yes

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you can't protect what you don't know we

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can't all go to Borneo or Smosh or we

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can't all go to the rainforest there but

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we can bring the rainforest to people

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through through a media coverage all

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right first shot all that practice

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yesterday you don't

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[Music]

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Oh murders every population is different

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and the more we study them some more

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different we realize they are

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[Music]

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when you see in Arakan I'm looking back

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at you you can you know sense up there

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is something there in those eyes you

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know they're thinking it's hard to

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imagine that we could just sort of

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what's that goats name

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you

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