Who Were the Robber Barons?

Summary

In this episode of Business Blaze, Simon Iron explores the era of 'Robber Barons,' wealthy industrialists in late 1800s America who amassed fortunes through ruthless business tactics. Cornelius Vanderbilt and John D. Rockefeller are highlighted for their dominance in railroads and oil, respectively. The video delves into their exploitative practices, the government's complicity, and the labor struggles that led to unionization. It also acknowledges their philanthropy, which shaped modern charitable giving and education, leaving a complex legacy.

Takeaways

• 😀 The term 'robber barons' originated from an old German term 'Raubritter', which means knight or Baron, and was used to describe nobles in the Holy Roman Empire.
• 🏭 Post-American Civil War, the United States saw the rise of wealthy industrialists known as 'robber barons', who amassed fortunes in industries like railroads, coal, steel, and oil.
• 🚂 Cornelius Vanderbilt, one of the first robber barons, made his fortune in railroads and shipping, using aggressive tactics and bribes to eliminate competition.
• 💰 John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company became the largest corporation in existence by using tactics like undercutting prices and forming cartels to dominate the oil industry.
• 🤝 The US government post-Civil War was corrupt, with officials often colluding with robber barons, allowing their exploitative practices to go unchecked.
• 🏛️ The Vanderbilt family, descendants of robber baron Cornelius Vanderbilt, maintained their wealth and influence, with properties like the Biltmore Estate.
• 📚 Despite their exploitative practices, many robber barons were also significant philanthropists, contributing to the establishment of universities and public libraries.
• 🔨 Labor conditions during the time of robber barons were often dangerous and unhealthy, leading to the rise of labor unions and worker strikes.
• 📚 Works like 'The Jungle' and 'The History of the Standard Oil Company' exposed the abuses of the time, leading to public outcry and eventual legal reforms.
• 🛣️ The expansion of railroads was a significant factor in the post-Civil War economic boom, with the northern railroads playing a crucial role in the Union's victory.

Q & A

What is the origin of the term 'robber barons'?

The term 'robber barons' originates from an old German term 'Raubritter,' which means 'rob knight' or 'rob baron.' It was used to describe nobles in the many German states that made up the Holy Roman Empire.

How did the American robber barons amass their wealth?

American robber barons amassed their wealth primarily through industries that powered the American industrial revolution, such as railroads, coal, steel, and oil. They often used aggressive expansion and unscrupulous business tactics to monopolize markets and accumulate vast fortunes.

Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt and how did he become a robber baron?

Cornelius Vanderbilt was an American business magnate who became one of the wealthiest Americans in history by building a fortune in railroads and shipping. He used tactics such as bribes, payoffs, and aggressive competition to eliminate rivals and consolidate his control over the railroad industry.

What role did railroads play in the expansion of the United States after the Civil War?

Railroads played a crucial role in the expansion of the United States after the Civil War by connecting the northern and southern parts of the country and enabling the movement of goods, people, and military supplies. They were instrumental in the westward expansion and the development of the American economy.

How did John D. Rockefeller's business tactics contribute to the growth of Standard Oil?

John D. Rockefeller's business tactics, such as aggressive expansion, undercutting competitors' prices, and forming cartels, allowed Standard Oil to become the largest corporation at the time. He often drove competitors out of business or bought them out at low prices, consolidating control over the oil industry.

What was the impact of the robber barons on labor conditions during the industrial revolution?

The robber barons often had a negative impact on labor conditions, with workers facing dangerous and unhealthy environments, short life expectancies, and low wages. Resistance from workers, such as strikes and the formation of labor unions, was often met with violence and repression.

How did the government's attitude and actions contribute to the rise of the robber barons?

The post-Civil War American government was often corrupt and complicit in the rise of the robber barons. Many officials accepted bribes and looked the other way as business practices that would be considered illegal today were carried out, allowing the robber barons to operate with impunity.

What philanthropic efforts are associated with the robber barons?

Despite their exploitative business practices, many robber barons were also significant philanthropists. For example, Andrew Carnegie founded the modern public library system, and the Rockefeller Foundation has donated billions to various charitable causes.

How did public opinion and legal changes affect the business practices of the robber barons?

Public opinion, fueled by exposés like 'The Jungle' and 'The History of the Standard Oil Company,' along with the rise of labor unions and progressive politicians like Theodore Roosevelt, led to legal changes that curbed some of the worst abuses of the robber barons and improved conditions for workers.

What legacy do the robber barons have on modern American society?

The robber barons have a complex legacy, with their wealth and influence shaping the development of American industry and the economy, but also contributing to the establishment of labor rights, philanthropy, and the modern regulatory environment that governs business practices.

Outlines

00:00

💼 Introduction to Robber Barons

The video begins with the host, Simon, introducing the topic of 'robber barons,' a term unfamiliar to him initially. Matthew provides extensive research on the subject, leading to a discussion about the rise of wealthy industrialists in the United States during the late 1800s. These individuals, known as robber barons, amassed fortunes and power similar to European nobility. The term 'robber baron' is explained to have originated from the German term 'Raubritter,' meaning knight or baron, and was used to describe nobles in the Holy Roman Empire. The conversation shifts to the American context, highlighting the lack of formal titles and the rise of these figures through industries like railroads, coal, steel, and oil.

05:00

🚂 The Impact of Railroads and Cornelius Vanderbilt

The video delves into the significance of railroads in the United States post-Civil War, highlighting how they facilitated industrial expansion and connected the nation. Cornelius Vanderbilt is introduced as a prime example of a robber baron who capitalized on the railroad industry. His business tactics included accepting bribes to not compete with local companies, forcing competitors out of business, or buying them out at low prices. The video discusses the unregulated nature of the industry and the government's complicity in the corrupt practices of the time, which allowed Vanderbilt and others to amass wealth and influence.

10:01

🏭 John D. Rockefeller and the Oil Industry

This section focuses on John D. Rockefeller, another notorious robber baron, who made his fortune in the oil industry. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company became the largest corporation of its time through aggressive expansion and ruthless business tactics. The video describes how Rockefeller would undercut local oil prices to drive competitors out of business or force them to sell at a loss. His wealth and influence were so vast that he could dictate terms to smaller businesses. The discussion also touches on the illegality of such practices today and the historical context that allowed these business practices to thrive.

15:03

🏗️ Philanthropy and Labor Conditions

The final paragraph discusses the dual nature of the robber barons, highlighting their negative impact on labor conditions and their contributions to society through philanthropy. It mentions the harsh working conditions in industries dominated by robber barons and the rise of labor unions as a response. The video also acknowledges the positive legacy of these figures, such as the establishment of universities and public libraries, funded by their wealth. The host invites viewers to consider the complex legacy of the robber barons and encourages feedback for future video topics.

Keywords

💡Robber Barons

Robber Barons refers to a term used to describe wealthy American businessmen during the late 1800s and early 1900s who accumulated their fortunes through often ruthless and exploitative business practices. In the video, Simon and Matthew discuss how these individuals, such as Cornelius Vanderbilt and John D. Rockefeller, gained their wealth and influence during the industrial expansion of the United States, often at the expense of workers and through monopolistic practices.

💡Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a period of significant industrialization and economic expansion that began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of the world, including the United States. In the video, the hosts mention how the American Industrial Revolution was driven by industries like railroads, coal, steel, and oil, which allowed figures like the Robber Barons to amass great wealth and power.

💡Cornelius Vanderbilt

Cornelius Vanderbilt was an American business magnate who built his wealth through railroads and shipping. He is mentioned in the video as an example of a Robber Baron who used aggressive tactics to eliminate competition and expand his empire. Vanderbilt's name is used to illustrate the extreme wealth accumulation and the anti-competitive practices of the era.

💡Standard Oil

Standard Oil was an American oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company founded by John D. Rockefeller. In the video, it is discussed how Rockefeller used Standard Oil to monopolize the oil industry through aggressive business tactics, such as undercutting competitors' prices and forming cartels, which led to the company becoming the largest corporation of its time.

💡Cartels

A cartel is an association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition. In the video, Simon and Matthew discuss how Robber Barons, like Rockefeller, would form cartels to fix prices and eliminate competition, which would be illegal under modern antitrust laws.

💡Labor Unions

Labor Unions are organizations that represent the collective interests of workers and negotiate employment contracts with employers. The video mentions the rise of labor unions as a response to the poor working conditions and exploitation by Robber Barons. Unions played a significant role in improving labor conditions and wages, which was a direct reaction to the abuses of power by the wealthy industrialists.

💡Philanthropy

Philanthropy is the act of donating money or resources to support causes, organizations, or communities. The video highlights how many Robber Barons, despite their exploitative business practices, also became significant philanthropists, donating large sums of money to establish universities, libraries, and foundations that continue to contribute positively to society.

💡Regulation

Regulation refers to the rules and oversight provided by a governing body to control an industry or activity. In the video, it is noted that the era of the Robber Barons was characterized by a lack of regulation, which allowed these businessmen to engage in monopolistic practices and exploit workers without legal repercussions.

💡Anti-competitive

Anti-competitive practices are actions taken by a company or individual to eliminate or reduce competition in a market. The video discusses how Robber Barons like Rockefeller would engage in anti-competitive practices, such as predatory pricing and forming cartels, to dominate their respective industries and accumulate wealth.

💡Generational Wealth

Generational wealth refers to the accumulation of wealth that is passed down through generations within a family. The video mentions Gloria Vanderbilt and her son Anderson Cooper as examples of individuals who continue to benefit from the wealth accumulated by their ancestors, in this case, the Vanderbilt family, highlighting how the economic impact of the Robber Barons extends beyond their lifetimes.

Highlights

Introduction to the concept of 'robber barons' and their historical context in the late 1800s United States.

Explanation of the term 'robber baron', its origin from the Holy Roman Empire, and its association with toll collection.

The rise of American robber barons following the Civil War and their comparison to European nobility.

The industries that produced the most significant robber barons, particularly railroads, coal, steel, and oil.

The role of Cornelius Vanderbilt as an early robber baron, his wealth accumulation, and business tactics.

The impact of the Civil War on the expansion of railroads and the subsequent wealth of robber barons.

The government's complicity in the rise of robber barons due to corruption and lack of regulation.

The wealth and influence of the Vanderbilt family, including their palatial homes and modern-day descendants.

John D. Rockefeller's rise to wealth through the oil industry and the tactics he used to dominate the market.

The concept of cartels and their role in allowing robber barons to fix prices and eliminate competition.

The poor working conditions and treatment of laborers during the era of robber barons.

The rise of labor unions and public outcry against the abuses of robber barons.

The philanthropic efforts of robber barons, such as the Rockefeller Foundation and Andrew Carnegie's libraries.

The legacy of robber barons in modern society, including their contributions to education and public welfare.

The debate over whether robber barons were innovative business leaders or exploitative figures.

Conclusion and call to action for viewers to share their thoughts on robber barons and suggest topics for future videos.

Transcripts

I feel like there's no poor people

called Cornelius welcome to a brand new

episode of business blaze my name is

Simon iron your host as always in this

one we are looking at robber barons I

didn't really know what the robber

barons were I thought it could be

interesting

apparently it is because Matthew put

together two and a half pages with small

type I should have blown this up so it'd

be easier to read but we're gonna learn

something together like we always do

it's about the robber barons Thank You

Matthew for putting this together and

before we just jump into it if you've

got suggestions for a future business

blaze video you know what to do leave it

in the comments below we can get

something made up and we'll talk about

it it'll be fun and also while you're

down there smash that like button let's

get into it in the middle of the late

1800s rich industrialists in the United

States developed a reputation of agreed

so extreme that these dudes got the

nickname robber barons basically these

men they were all men this is the 1800s

after all very true amassed such amazing

wealth that they were basically a bought

into aristocratic class in the United

States they were in many ways similar to

the nobility of Europe and not just in

being rich but they also behaved much

like the feudal lords of the continent

as well so before we get into it what

about the term itself

tell me Matthew roll baron comes from an

old German term ah my German

pronunciation and always Germans you are

particularly harsh about me knowing that

I should know how to pronounce your

language I don't really feel any

obligations have to learn how to

pronounce your language but I'm just

gonna go for Rob Ritter now what it

means is Rob mint Rob and Ritter meant

knight or Baron so there you go it was

used to describe nobles in the many

German states that made up the Holy

Roman Empire but it's not just the name

stay tuned

well I'm not going anywhere right so

many of these robber barons and they

were not literally barons by the way

they had all sorts of different titles

this is the dudes in Germany not in the

US you don't have titles

do you have titles in the US and I think

so right it's all just like earned

titles like doctor or professor or

Reverend

so in defiance of formal informal or

understood rules of and laws they

decided whoever whatever moves through

my land is going to

give me some of their money sounds

pretty smart though the name came from

what is now Germany the world robber

barons everywhere I mean it's a pretty

good way to make money indeed I think

about toll bridges there's this one in

the UK speed art furred cross and I hate

that piece of every time I would come

from an airport to visit my parents I'd

have to drive over this bridge and they

charge you two pounds fifty and the

has been there forever and I'm

sure they've paid it off and I think

that was the original agreement and now

they don't even have tolls so afterwards

you have to go and register your rental

car online and we're like hey I want to

pay my toll and if you don't the they'll

they'll find the renter company and then

the renter company has an extra fine

which they tack onto you greed knows no

boundaries though not even the Atlantic

all the Dartford Crossing peoples after

the American Civil War hundreds of local

and national robber barons appeared in

the giant industrial expansion that took

place in the United States after the

conflict was over though robber barons

appears in all sorts of industries from

shipping to building to agriculture it

was in the industries that powered the

American industrial revolution that the

biggest most influential and most

egregious robber barons appeared these

were the railroads coal steel and oil

yeah like if I think of industries where

people got super-rich like rich like was

rockefeller a robber baron I imagine

he's gonna be mentioned for sure if he

is a robber baron but he seems like one

of these dudes they was he rail I don't

know something like this however runs

bidding virtually all of the trade going

on within the nation at the time where

the railroad so we're gonna be talking

some railroads America is really big it

is indeed and things at the go places

before the Civil War many of the

railroads in the US were not connected

in most instances rail would go through

a local area and stop great for locals

not so great if you wanted to go

somewhere far away also most of these

were near the coast allowing farmers to

get their goods to ship a bit faster

than they could on horseback it's super

interesting like back in the day how

long and complicated it was to ship

anything anywhere now I got a FedEx

package and it was like it was in from

he was from Chicago I lived in Prague in

the Czech Republic and he was

overnighted from Chicago absolutely

insane like from door to door

overnight a halfway around the world

incredible now to make sense of the

expansion of the railroads we need to

understand how this

happened during the war during the war

railroad especially in the heavily

industrialized and industrializing north

expanded exponentially but many factors

led to the defeat of the Confederacy

that's the south I appreciate Matti

putting that in there because I'm not

American I'm sure for Americans like yes

I won obviously I appreciate it one of

them surely was the expansion of the

northern railroads which allowed men and

materiel to be transported from the

factory recruiting grounds and farms the

front lines within the war trains

allowed rapid movements of masses of

troops in the south could simply not

keep up Deering during the conflict the

men and the companies of the northern

rails expanded greatly and connected

virtually all of the rails in the

northern part of the country as the war

moved deeper and deeper into the south

the railways followed after the war

southern expansion continued and

expansion into the West which was

somewhat stalled during the conflicts

and it began again so this is

interesting I was watching a video the

other day about why railways suck in the

u.s. it seems like you guys are really

good or railways at the beginning what

happens alright so now let's get back to

how this relates the a we did okay how

how does this relate to robber barons I

was gonna be to do the railways so as

you can really guess someone had to

build those railroads and get paid for

it yes indeed and they got mega paid and

they got mega rich a great example of

this is a dude called Cornelius

Vanderbilt and I do feel like Cornelius

Vanderbilt is the most role of irony of

robber baron names I feel like there's

no poor people called Cornelius now

Vanderbilt was already a baller even

before the war started from both

railroads and shipping but the war made

him even richer he was indeed the first

robber baron in the u.s. in many cases

Vanderbilt received huge bribes and

payoffs not to compete with local

companies at times he would comply and

others he wouldn't at his own choosing

sometimes it paid more to invade other

company's territory and then accept

bribes kickbacks or payoffs he would

force his competition competitors out of

business or if they were smart he'd buy

them out usually at pennies on the

dollar it does seem pretty smart I

imagine the industry was pretty

unregulated it was like yeah I could

compete against you or you could bribe

me and then you'd just be like

opportunity costs like the brow is

pretty good but it's not as much money

as if I pushed you out all the bribes

pretty good I just can't be bothered

either way you win pretty amazing but

also super anti-competitive and I'm not

so I imagine this is entirely illegal

today yeah bribery would be Simon

okay so while it's a bit different to

the German version of the tolls which we

saw earlier it's similar to a sort of

unfair competition and tariffs or at

least that's the way people saw it okay

so people did see it as unfair back then

there just didn't seem to be any laws

against it which I guess is why they

were like called robber barons because

they were robbing people all right so

now you might be thinking how did he get

away with this it sounds pretty much

like he could do whatever he wanted

where was the you know the government to

stop all this nonsense that is exactly

what I was wondering as always I should

read these thing through before making

random comments well they were kind of

in on it too okay here we go the

American government after the Civil War

was seriously corrupt and many officials

had their hands out they wanted a part

of the tremendous expansion of the

nation's economy and power there was a

ton of money floating around in the

space and it was hard to say no yeah but

if you're in the government you should

say no that's kind of your job and if

you're not saying no there should be

courts and stuff to punish the battery

because clearly this isn't working and

the whole government was super corrupt

so it's basically a kind of like well

everyone's doing it situation not good

bands Milton is a large family Oh fun

fact here apparently Gloria Vanderbilt

who I don't know who she is but I do

know who Anderson Cooper is Gloria

Vanderbilt's her mum they are descended

from his family and they're super rich

because they've been even today I didn't

know that I didn't know Anderson Cooper

was like I just thought he was like a

super rich TV guy

that's cool but I guess it's called

generational in a way I like this it's

kind of like wow they made a lot of

money and they really held on to it and

then as I also yeah they're just super

rich forever I don't know if that's good

like in the UK a lot of that gets

crushed because I don't know how it is

in the States but in the UK an

inheritance tax it's absolutely brutal

like if you're rich they will take you

know most of your money just one of

their many palatial homes the

Vanderbilts sorry today which is one of

their many palatial homes the Biltmore

in North Carolina is today a tourist

attraction sort of like the castles of

the Royals in Europe all right so how

about another robber baron and this one

you have for sure heard of and that's

john d rockefeller he got rich elsewhere

he zeroed in on early on the value of

petroleum originally used in making

kerosene which was in high demand

petroleum obviously later became the key

ingredient in the development of gas and

the internal combustion engine and cars

while they turned out to be kind of a

big deal

got into the oil business right after

the Civil War and through aggressive

expansion and shrewd and sometimes

extremely unscrupulous business tactics

he made his Standard Oil Company the

largest corporation that ever existed so

far and this dude was rich like it's

hard to compare because it was so long

ago but considering the amazing wealth

of Jeff Bezos of Amazon the richest man

in the world

by far yeah he's worse like Jeff Bezos

is like a hundred fifty some million and

Gates is like at ninety something Jeff

Bezos is rib-eye

Irie I really feel like Jeff Bezos you

know you're rich where you're the

richest man in the world and you get

divorced and you're still the richest

man in the world that's when you know

you're rich however rockefeller is

likely the richest person to have ever

lived with the possible exception of

Augustus Caesar yeah that's got to be

rich seasoned super hard to work out

though so let's just say rockefeller was

off-the-charts wealthy and that made it

easy for him to drive potential

competitors out of business so how did

rockefeller operate well it moves into a

new area and say to the local oil man

hey I want to buy your business if he

said yes amazing if he said no things

are about to get really rough for him

Rockefeller would begin selling oil to

that man's competitors is an extremely

low price and the load that the locals

could not compete with eventually the

small firm would be driven out of

business or were bought out by Standard

Oil and Rockefeller would get it for way

less than it initially offered put

yourself in the position of the guy

who's facing up to rockefeller it's a

you know because he's done he's done

this before by the time he gets to you

who's done this before you know that if

he stands out earlier like now I'm gonna

compete with you he's just gonna crush

your business and buy for nothing so

your desire no matter how much you want

to stay in business is just is just you

to sell this would be so illegal today

this was just one of the many tactics

that Rockefellers and the Rockefeller

and others like him in other industries

used and yes all of this would be

totally illegal today but it was sort of

like the business Wild West others

included setting up cartels sounds

illegal it wasn't illegal it is illegal

now these were unofficial organizations

of companies in the same industries but

in other parts of the country basically

they'd say hey let's not compete with

each other let's also set the super high

price of a really high margin and we'll

all get away with it and get super rich

if laws didn't exist like this too

this today of course this would happen

you'd be like if I was running a shop

and my mate

John was running a shop down the street

and we sold Mars bars I would say I'd go

to jail hey Judd have we were the only

source of Mars bars in the town

I just sated and everyone loved Mars

bars you know so I'm just setting up the

situation here it's obviously fictional

I would definitely have lunch with John

one day and be like John I know we're

competitors but how about we just set

the price in Mars bars at like 2 pounds

20 and people have to buy them and

that's like how it is and then that

would definitely be illegal although I

still feel like I could I do feel like

if I was in a petrol station in the

middle of nowhere that still charged me

two pounds 20 for a Mars bar but then

that's not collusion that's just there's

no one else around so to get a Mars bar

from just economics now this is just

economics but the Barons also had a bad

rap for the way they treated their labor

force in many cases such as Rockefeller

or Carnegie another robber baron he was

basically in steel they had to come

they'd come from virtually nothing and

they believed that anyone with enough

Drive could make a success of themselves

work as he wanted better conditions and

in the oil field steel mills and coal

mines life could be dangerous and

healthy and short they were deemed

troublemakers and they were dealt with

many times threats and many times these

were violence it was basically a

situation of if you want safe conditions

how about no you can see why these guys

got a bad reputation many of the larger

companies had their own police forces

and in a time where politicians and

their hands outs the real law looked the

other way

strikes and other work as tactics to get

better conditions were dealt with

ruthlessly and many people died in the

clashes between workers and owners it's

no coincidence that labor unions began

in earnest about this time workers

overheard talking about unions were

usually immediately dismissed many times

where they've broken our show for it

holy Sh this is bad I mean it's super

good to be a rockefeller back in the day

but you don't want to be the worker

these guys got screwed I don't want to

laugh about it it's pretty terrible I'm

glad like conditions up this is always

the thing like people complain about

stuff today and I complain about stuff

all the time but it's like we literally

live in a better time than ever before

like yes there's discrimination and all

of these bad things but boy whatever

your situation it was not this bad

however because of the unions

and pressure famous Expo days such as

the jungle absence and Claire's novel

about the meatpacking industry and Ida

Tarbell the history of the standard or

company about these abuses slowly things

began to change I've heard of the jungle

and I think I've read it but there was

that meatpacking thing I think was in

New York right and how horrible it was

but things began to change where they

were super slow the rise of Theodore

Roosevelt's of presidency also helped

the labor force many laws were enacted

at this time helping to curb some of the

worst abuses but they weren't all bad it

should be remembered however that

despite all of these abuses many of the

robber barons began the modern

philanthropic movement to help people in

society you've probably heard a lot of

the names because of their charity work

indeed the Rockefeller Foundation hands

out billions in charitable donation has

handed out billions in charitable

donations and still does Andrew Carnegie

was essentially the founder of the

modern Public Library System don't

donating many tens of millions of

dollars to help educate the people it's

interesting I think these guys in a way

they come from just a different time

that situation I gave with John and the

Mars bars it's like in a way you know

it's wrong because people are getting

exploited but it's also the sensible

thing maybe I don't know maybe I'm just

completely unethical but it's like I

would have that meeting with John and

I'll be like John what's that man we

others like set the price of Mars bars

it probably should occur to me but it

probably wouldn't not screwing people

maybe that makes me a terrible person

but I think these guys are a product of

their time evidenced by the fact that

they did give a lot of their money away

to charity I think they probably just

see it as a game like making money as

business and then we're good people will

just give away a ton of it universities

all over the country were founded by

people like Carnegie and obviously

Vanderbilt I guess is the famous

Vanderbilt University I've never heard

of it so yes the good with the bad

these guys just have crazy opportunities

and no regulation and they took full

advantage full all caps they did and the

repercussions good and bad they can be

seen today what do you guys think how

are these guys amazing business people

or kind of just terrible exploitative

business leaders I guess that kind of

depends on your perspective I hope you

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