Lesson 2 Section 3: Agrarian Relations and the Friar Lands
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the agrarian relations in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, focusing on the hacienda system and its impact on society. It discusses the origins of friar lands, the inquilinato system, and the three-tiered structure of land ownership. The script also highlights the hacienda dispute involving the Rizal family, who were significant inquilinos, and the challenges they faced due to land ownership conflicts in the 19th century.
Takeaways
- 🏰 The history of friar lands in the Philippines dates back to the early Spanish colonial period when Spanish conquistadors were granted lands called haciendas.
- 🌱 The Spanish hacienda owners often failed to develop their lands due to their temporary stay and preference for more lucrative economic opportunities in Manila.
- 🤔 The Spanish friars acquired land through various means, often without clear titles, leading to disputes over land ownership.
- 🌾 The 18th-century agricultural boom led to the implementation of the inquilinato system, where land was rented out for a fixed annual amount and personal services.
- 🏛️ The inquilinato system was a three-tiered structure with landlords at the top, inquilinos in the middle, and sharecroppers (casamas) at the bottom.
- 📜 The Hacienda de Calamba's ownership changed hands multiple times, from a Spanish owner to the Dominicans, with the Rizal family becoming significant inquilinos.
- 🌿 The Rizal family's income primarily came from sugarcane cultivation, which was in high demand in the world market at the time.
- 💔 Conflicts over land ownership in the hacienda system negatively impacted the Rizal family, highlighting the social and economic struggles of the era.
- 🏞️ The hacienda system and its associated disputes are emblematic of the broader issues of land ownership and agrarian relations in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.
- 📚 This discussion provides insight into the historical context of land disputes and their impact on Philippine society, including the Rizal family.
Q & A
What is the primary focus of the third section of the discussion?
-The third section focuses on agrarian relations in the friar lands, specifically discussing the history of land ownership in the Philippines during Spanish colonial times.
How were Spanish conquistadors rewarded during the early Spanish colonial period in the Philippines?
-Spanish conquistadors were awarded lands in the form of haciendas for their loyalty to the Spanish crown.
What were the two types of land grants given to Spaniards and what were they called?
-The two types of land grants were large tracks called 'sitios de ganado mayor' and smaller tracks called 'caballeras'.
Why did the Spanish hacienda owners fail to develop their lands?
-The Spanish hacienda owners failed to develop their lands because they were not expected to permanently stay in the Philippines and many returned to Spain after their service. Additionally, the livestock market was small, and the Manila-based galleon trade offered better economic opportunities.
How did the Spanish friars acquire land during the Spanish colonial period?
-The Spanish friars acquired land through various means, often through donations in exchange for spiritual favors, which many Filipinos believed were dubious means.
What was the inquilinato system and how did it function?
-The inquilinato system was a system where individuals rented land for a fixed annual amount and were expected to provide personal services to the landlords. If they failed to do so, they could be expelled from the land. They could also lease the land to a sharecropper, known as a casama, who would be responsible for cultivating the land.
How was the hacienda system structured in terms of social hierarchy?
-The hacienda system was structured as a three-layered system with the landlords at the top, the inquilinos in the middle, and the casamas at the bottom.
What was the significance of the Hacienda de Calamba in the context of the discussion?
-The Hacienda de Calamba was significant because it was originally owned by a Spaniard, donated to the friars, and eventually sold to various owners, including the Dominicans. The Rizal family became principal inquilinos, renting a large parcel of the land and facing conflicts over land ownership.
What was the main crop grown by the Rizal family in the Hacienda de Calamba?
-The main crop grown by the Rizal family in the Hacienda de Calamba was sugarcane, which was in high demand in the world market at the time.
What conflicts arose in 1883 regarding the Hacienda de Calamba, and how did they impact the Rizal family?
-In 1883, conflicts arose over land ownership in the Hacienda de Calamba, which evidently caused suffering for the Rizal family, who were principal inquilinos and had a significant stake in the land.
What conclusion is drawn from the discussion about the hacienda system and its impacts?
-The discussion concludes that the hacienda system and conflicts over land ownership had significant impacts on Philippine society and on families like the Rizals, highlighting the historical importance of land ownership disputes in the country.
Outlines
🏰 History of Land Ownership in the Philippines
This paragraph discusses the historical background of land ownership in the Philippines, particularly focusing on the agrarian relations during Spanish colonial times. It explains the origin of haciendas, which were large land grants given to Spanish conquistadors for their loyalty to the crown. Approximately 120 Spaniards were awarded either 'secho de gobernador' (large tracts) or 'caballeras' (smaller tracts). The paragraph also touches on the hacienda system's failure to develop due to the Spaniards' lack of intention to stay permanently and their preference for trade in Manila over agricultural development. The Spanish friars' acquisition of land through dubious means and the subsequent inquilinato system, where tenants rented land and provided personal services to the landlords, are also covered. The system is described as a three-layered hierarchy with landlords at the top, inquilinos in the middle, and sharecroppers (casamas) at the bottom.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Agrarian relations
💡Hacienda system
💡Friar lands
💡Inquilinato system
💡Casama
💡Hacienda de Calamba
💡Sugarcane
💡Land ownership conflicts
💡Spanish colonial period
💡Akon kistadores
Highlights
Introduction to the discussion on agrarian relations in the friar lands.
Short history of land ownership dynamics in the Philippines during Spanish colonial times.
Hacienda system and its connection with prior lands.
Conflicts arising from the hacienda system and their societal impacts.
Impact of land conflicts on the family of Rizal.
Origin of friarlands in the early Spanish colonial period.
Awarding of haciendas to Spanish conquistadors for loyalty.
Failure of hacienda owners to develop lands due to lack of permanent settlement.
Spanish friars' acquisition of land through dubious means.
The inquilinato system and its three-layered structure.
Role of inquilinos and casamas in the agricultural system.
Hacienda de Calamba's history and its original Spanish owner.
Transfer of Hacienda de Calamba to the Spanish colonial government.
Rizal family's role as principal inquilinos of Hacienda de Calamba.
Economic activities of the Rizal family in the hacienda.
Land ownership conflicts in 1883 and their effects on the Rizal family.
Conclusion of the discussion on the hacienda system and its historical implications.
Transcripts
[Music]
[Music]
oh
[Music]
all right so um welcome back to the last
part of our discussion the third section
which tackles the agrarian relations in
the flyer
lands so in this section
i will be providing a short history of
the dynamics of land ownership in the
philippines during results times so with
discussions the hacienda system
in connection with the existence of
prior lands specifically
it mentions conflicts arising from the
hacienda system and shows their
impacts on the philippine society and on
the uh the family of risales
or in killing us so the history of the
fryerlands
um the existence of ireland in the
philippines
can be uh traced back to early
spanish colonial period when spanish
akon kistadores were awarded lands in
their in the form of haciendas
for their loyalty to the spanish crown
and
uh and approximately 120 spaniards were
granted either
large trucks of land called sicho de
gonado
mayor or smaller trucks called
caballeras
yeah so however the haciendas
those who owned the haciendas failed to
develop their lands
and one reason is that the spaniards
were not expected to permanently stay in
the philippines
and many of them returned to spain once
they were done serving in the country
also the livestock market during this
time was was still
small thus the guardian trade based in
manila appealed more
to the spaniards because it offered
better economic opportunities
and um the spanish friars were able to
acquire land
through whatever means available to them
and according to sources
lands were donated to the friars in
exchange for spiritual
favors so many filipinos believed that
the friars had no titles to the lands
they owned because
they acquired them through osar patient
and other dubious means
so um when the export of agricultural
crap started to blossom
in the 18th century the inquilinator
system was put into place so in the
system
one who rented land for a fixed annual
amount
and kilino was expected to give personal
services to the landlords so if he or
she failed to do so
he or she would be expelled from the
land so the inquilinos could also lease
the land they were
renting um
from the landlord to a casama or
sharecropper
who would then be responsible for
cultivating the land
so the enchilada system functioned as
three layered system with the landlords
on top
and it added us in the middle and the
casamas at the bottom
now um let's have the uh
hacienda dispute so the hacienda de
calamba was originally owned by a
spaniard who donated the land
to uh sweet friars to allow him to
permanently stay in
the sweet monastery however since the
swedes were expelled from the
philippines
the hacienda went to the possession of
the spanish colonial government
in 1803 the land was sold to don
clemente
and then after his death it was
eventually sold to dominicans who
claimed ownership of the hacienda until
19th century well results family
um became one of the principal in
kilinos of the hacienda
they rented one of and they rented one
of the largest leased parcel of the land
measuring approximately 380 hectares
okay so the main crop was sugarcane
since it was the most in demand in the
world market then
the result family got their income
mainly from the landing oriented and
however
when conflicts on land ownership in the
hacienda arose in 1883 the family
evidently suffered
so do look simulant
and that's or that concludes the
discussion
for this um lesson so i hope
you guys learned something
and that's it so see you again next week
you
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