Summary of William Shakespeare: Hamlet

Schooling Online
1 Apr 202009:13

Summary

TLDREl video ofrece una visión detallada de 'Hamlet', una de las obras más largas y complejas de Shakespeare. Se presenta a dos Hamlets: el rey anterior asesinado por Claudio, su hermano, quien asume el trono y se casa con la reina Gertrude, y el príncipe Hamlet, quien se siente traicionado y planea venganza. La trama se desarrolla con espionaje, engaños y un asesinato que se revela en una obra teatral. Finalmente, en un duelo trágico, Claudio muere a manos de Hamlet, quien también encuentra la muerte, dejando el trono a Fortinbras.

Takeaways

  • 👑 'Hamlet' es una de las obras más largas y complicadas de Shakespeare, con dos personajes llamados Hamlet que son importantes: el Rey Hamlet fallecido y su hijo, el príncipe Hamlet, protagonista de la obra.
  • 🤴 Tras la muerte del Rey Hamlet, su hermano Claudio asume el trono y se casa con la Reina Gertrude, la madre de Hamlet, causando gran disgusto en el príncipe.
  • 🌙 La obra comienza con la aparición del fantasma del Rey Hamlet a medianoche, lo que lleva a Horacio a informar a Hamlet sobre el suceso.
  • 🏰 La trama se desarrolla en el castillo de Elsinore, donde Claudio y Gertrude celebran su matrimonio y Fortinbras, el príncipe de Noruega, amenaza con invadir Dinamarca.
  • 😔 Hamlet está profundamente afectado por la muerte de su padre y la rápida boda de su madre, lo que le lleva a un estado de melancolía.
  • 🎭 Hamlet contrata a un grupo de actores para representar una obra que refleje el asesinato de su padre, con la esperanza de provocar una reacción reveladora de Claudio.
  • 🗡 Durante la representación, Claudio se alarma y abandona precipitadamente, lo que confirma la sospecha de Hamlet sobre su culpabilidad.
  • 🕵️‍♂️ Claudio contrata a Rosencrantz y Guildenstern para espionar a Hamlet, mientras que Polonius vigila a su hija Ofelia y a su hijo Laertes.
  • 🗡 Hamlet, en un intento de venganza, mata a Polonius, creyendo que era Claudio, lo que lleva a más complicaciones y a un plan de asesinato por parte de Claudio.
  • 🏹 Laertes regresa de Francia buscando venganza por la muerte de su padre y se une a un complot para matar a Hamlet en un duelo con una espada envenenada.
  • 🏹💔 En el duelo, tanto Laertes como Hamlet son heridos por la espada envenenada, y Gertrude muere tras beber vino envenenado, lo que lleva a Hamlet a matar a Claudio.
  • 👑 Al final, Fortinbras se convierte en el nuevo rey de Dinamarca, y Hamlet es honrado con un funeral adecuado, según sus deseos.

Q & A

  • ¿Quiénes son los dos Hamlet mencionados en el guion?

    -El primero es el Rey Hamlet, el amado rey de Dinamarca que murió antes de que la obra comenzara. El segundo es Príncipe Hamlet, su hijo y el personaje principal de la obra.

  • ¿Qué sucede después de la muerte del Rey Hamlet?

    -Después de la muerte del Rey Hamlet, su hermano Claudio asume el trono y se casa con la viuda Reina Gertrude, la madre de Hamlet.

  • ¿Por qué está Hamlet tan disgustado con la situación actual?

    -Hamlet está disgustado porque su tío Claudio ha asumido el trono y se ha casado con su madre, y porque él siente que nadie más está tan afectada por la muerte de su padre como él.

  • ¿Quién es Ofelia y qué relación tiene con Hamlet?

    -Ofelia es una hermosa joven con la que Hamlet se ha enamorado. Es la hija de Polonius, el consejero de confianza de Claudio.

  • ¿Qué revela el fantasma del Rey Hamlet a Hamlet?

    -El fantasma del Rey Hamlet revela que no murió de una mordedura de serpiente, sino que Claudio le vertió veneno en la oreja, asesinándolo.

  • ¿Qué es el plan de Hamlet para vengar la muerte de su padre?

    -Hamlet planea usar un grupo de actores itinerantes para representar una obra llamada 'El asesinato de Gonzago', que incluirá una escena escrita por él que replica la forma en que Claudio mató al Rey Hamlet, con la esperanza de que la reacción de Claudio pruebe su culpabilidad.

  • ¿Qué sucede cuando Claudio reacciona violentamente durante la obra que Hamlet ha organizado?

    -Cuando Claudio reacciona violentamente y se levanta apresuradamente durante la obra, Hamlet tiene la prueba de su culpabilidad y decide actuar.

  • ¿Cómo muere Polonius y por qué?

    -Polonius muere cuando Hamlet, enojado y creyendo que es Claudio escondido detrás de una tapicería, lo apuñala. Hamlet lo hace pensando que está atacando a Claudio, pero se da cuenta de que mató a Polonius por error.

  • ¿Qué plan habilitó Claudio para matar a Hamlet sin que se diera cuenta?

    -Claudio engañó a Hamlet para que partiera en un barco a Inglaterra sin que él supiera que era un viaje de ida sin retorno, con la intención de asesinarlo en el camino.

  • ¿Cómo se resuelve la trama del asesinato de Ofelia y su relación con Hamlet?

    -Ofelia se suicida después de ser empujada al borde por la crueldad de Hamlet y la muerte de su padre. Esto causa una gran preocupación en la corte y aumenta la tensión entre Hamlet y Laertes, el hermano de Ofelia.

  • ¿Qué sucede al final de la obra y quién se convierte en el nuevo rey de Dinamarca?

    -Al final de la obra, Hamlet mata a Claudio y luego muere. Antes de morir, Hamlet instruye a los presentes que Fortinbras, el príncipe de Noruega, debe ser el nuevo rey de Dinamarca, ya que ha demostrado ser un líder excelente.

Outlines

00:00

👑 'Hamlet': La complejidad de la venganza real

El primer párrafo introduce a los dos Hamlet: el rey anterior asesinado y su hijo, el príncipe Hamlet, protagonista de la obra. Se describe el conflicto de Hamlet con la ascensión al trono de su tío Claudio y su matrimonio con la reina Gertrude. La aparición del fantasma del rey Hamlet y la revelación de su asesinato por Claudio desatan la promesa de venganza por parte del príncipe. Además, se mencionan las complicaciones con Ofelia y la llegada de un grupo de actores que serán utilizados por Hamlet para desenmascarar a Claudio.

05:00

🗡 'Hamlet': La trampa y la desesperación final

El segundo párrafo narra la ejecución del plan de Hamlet, conocido como la 'trampa de la ratón', que consiste en un drama que actuará en la corte y que retrata el asesinato del rey Hamlet. La reacción de Claudio confirma sus sospechas. A continuación, se desencadena una serie de eventos trágicos, incluyendo el asesinato de Polonius, la traición de Claudio y el duello fatal entre Hamlet y Laertes. Finalmente, la muerte de Hamlet y su designación de Fortinbras como nuevo rey de Dinamarca, así como la declaración de que será honradamente enterrado, concluyen la historia.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Hamlet

Hamlet es el nombre del príncipe de Dinamarca y el personaje principal de la obra. La trama gira en torno a su venganza por el asesinato de su padre, el rey Hamlet. Ejemplos en el guion incluyen su descontento con la rápida boda de su madre con su tío Claudio y su encuentro con el fantasma de su padre, que le revela la verdad sobre su muerte.

💡Claudio

Claudio es el hermano de Old King Hamlet y el tío de Hamlet. Asume el trono tras la muerte del rey y se casa con la reina Gertrude, lo que causa gran molestia en Hamlet. Claudio es el antagonista de la historia, ya que asesinó al rey Hamlet para tomar el trono y es el objetivo de la venganza de Hamlet.

💡Fantasma

El fantasma de Old King Hamlet aparece en la obra y revela a su hijo la verdad sobre su muerte, instigando a Hamlet a buscar venganza. El fantasma es un elemento central en la trama, ya que motiva la acción principal de Hamlet y desencadena los eventos subsiguientes.

💡Venganza

La venganza es el tema central de la obra, con Hamlet buscando vengar la muerte de su padre. La venganza se manifiesta en la forma en que Hamlet planea y ejecuta su plan para revelar y castigar a Claudio por su crimen, como se muestra en su idea del 'mausetrap'.

💡Mausetrap

El 'mausetrap' es un plan de Hamlet para probar la culpabilidad de Claudio. Consiste en representar una obra que retrata el asesinato de su padre de manera similar a cómo sucedió, lo que causa una reacción en Claudio y confirma sus sospechas sobre su participación en el crimen.

💡Afilia

Afilia es la amada de Hamlet y la hija de Polonius. Su relación se ve afectada por la locura aparente de Hamlet y su rechazo de ella, lo que la lleva a un estado de desesperación. La muerte de Afilia, quien se ahogó, tiene un impacto dramático en los eventos finales de la obra.

💡Polonius

Polonius es el consejero de Claudio y el padre de Afilia y Laertes. Él espía a Hamlet y su hija, y su muerte accidental a manos de Hamlet, al ser confundido con Claudio, es un punto de inflexión en la trama, llevando a Claudio a buscar aún más la destrucción de Hamlet.

💡Laertes

Laertes es el hermano de Afilia y se convierte en un enemigo de Hamlet tras la muerte de su padre a manos de este. Su deseo de venganza y su participación en el duelo con Hamlet, armado con una espada envenenada, es un elemento crucial en la resolución trágica de la obra.

💡Duelo

El duelo entre Hamlet y Laertes es el clímax de la obra, donde ambos son heridos por una espada envenenada y Gertrude ingiere vino envenenado. Este evento lleva a la revelación de la trama de Claudio, la muerte de varios personajes y la designación de Fortinbras como nuevo rey.

💡Fortinbras

Fortinbras es el príncipe de Noruega que desea invadir Dinamarca para vengar la muerte de su padre. A lo largo de la obra, su presencia es un subtexto de la política y la ambición, y al final, después de la muerte de Hamlet, es elegido por este para ser el nuevo rey de Dinamarca, simbolizando un cambio de poder y un posible futuro para el país.

Highlights

Hamlet is one of Shakespeare's longest and most complicated plays.

There are two Hamlets: Old King Hamlet, the deceased king, and Prince Hamlet, the main character.

Claudius, Claudius's brother, assumed the throne after Old King Hamlet's death and married Queen Gertrude.

Prince Hamlet is upset about his father's death and his mother's quick remarriage to Claudius.

Hamlet's friend Horatio witnesses the ghost of Old King Hamlet.

Fortinbras, the Prince of Norway, wants to invade Denmark to avenge his father's murder by Old King Hamlet.

Hamlet is grief-stricken and feels neglected by others who do not mourn his father's death.

Laertes warns his sister Ophelia about getting too close to Hamlet, who has no intention of marriage.

The ghost of Old King Hamlet reveals that Claudius murdered him by pouring poison in his ear.

Hamlet plans to use a play, 'The Murder of Gonzago,' as a 'mousetrap' to expose Claudius's guilt.

Hamlet's behavior towards Ophelia becomes abusive, causing distress and suspicion among Claudius and Polonius.

Claudius hires Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on Hamlet, under the guise of concern for his mental health.

Hamlet mistakenly kills Polonius, thinking he is Claudius, while arguing with his mother in her chamber.

Claudius plots to kill Hamlet by sending him to England under false pretenses.

Ophelia's madness and eventual suicide are a result of Hamlet's cruelty and her father's death.

Laertes returns from France seeking revenge for his father's death, which Claudius agrees to facilitate.

A duel is planned where Laertes will use a poisoned sword to kill Hamlet, with poisoned wine as a backup.

Hamlet and Laertes are both struck by the poisoned sword during the duel, and Gertrude dies from the poisoned wine.

Laertes confesses the plot against Hamlet before dying, and Hamlet kills Claudius in revenge.

Hamlet, on his deathbed, names Fortinbras as the new King of Denmark, recognizing his leadership qualities.

Fortinbras arrives to a court of death and declares Hamlet a great man, deserving an honorable burial.

Transcripts

play00:01

Hamlet is one of Shakespeare's longest

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and most complicated plays so here are

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some things that you need to know before

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we get to our summary one there are two

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Hamlet's that you need to get your head

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around the first one is old King Hamlet

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the beloved King of Denmark who died

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before the play began and Prince Hamlet

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his son and the main character of the

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play too after old King Hamlet died his

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brother Claudius assumed the throne and

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married the widowed Queen Gertrude

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Hamlet's mum three Hamlet is very upset

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about this and has been drowning his

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sorrows with a beautiful girl named a

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philia who is the daughter of Polonius

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Claudius's trusted advisor now that

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you're up to speed let's begin the play

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starts at midnight with a group of

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soldiers patrolling the battlements of

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Elsinore castle

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Hamlet's closest friend Horatio is

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watching closely and the ghost of old

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King Hamlet appears right in front of

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him he isn't sure if the Spirit is good

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or evil but decides that Hamlet needs to

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know about it later on everyone is

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gathered in the royal court to hear

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Claudius talk about how happy his

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marriage to Gertrude is and impart some

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fatherly wisdom on layer T's son of

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Polonius there is also the little matter

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of Fortinbras the Prince of Norway who

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wants to invade Denmark to avenge his

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father who was murdered by old King

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Hamlet but everyone is really focused on

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how badly Hamlet has taken the marriage

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of his mother and his uncle when

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everyone is gone Hamlet breaks down and

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tells us that he is grief-stricken from

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the death of his father and his mother's

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very quick remarriage he is so upset

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that nobody else seems to be all that

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sad about it that he wishes he was dead

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Horacio arrives and cheers Hamlet up by

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sharing the news of the haunting

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meanwhile Laertes has left home to study

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in France leaving his sister a failure

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with the warning that she had better

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stop getting so close to Hamlet because

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he only wants one thing and that thing

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certainly isn't marriage later that

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night Hamlet meets with the ghost who

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reveals that he did not die from a snake

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bite but that Claudius poured poison in

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his ear and murdered him Hamlet is

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outraged and swears that he will have

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his revenge

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Polonius pays a servant to follow his

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son and spy on him but he has problems

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closer to home a fear Lea bursts in

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upset from a run in she's just had with

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Hamlet

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she tells her father that Hamlet seems

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to have gone half mad wandering around

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trembling and silent dressed in torn and

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dirty clothes

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Polonius thinks this is great news

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because he thinks Hamlet is just upset

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because a philia has rejected him

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elsewhere Claudius is engaged in a

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little spying of his own he hires

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Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on

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Hamlet pretending that he's very worried

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about his nephews mental health Polonius

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also rushes in and updates Claudius on

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Hamlet situation a troop of travelling

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actors or players arrive and Hamlet she

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is up when he watches them perform

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however this doesn't last long as he is

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moved by the way one of the players

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delivers a dramatic speech he wonders

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why he can't show as much passion about

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his own awful situation as the actor can

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about a pretend one he starts to form a

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plan to avenge his father and asks the

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players to perform a play for the whole

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court called the murder of Gonzago when

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he is alone he reveals that this play

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will be a mousetrap as it will include a

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scene that he has written that will

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replicate the way Claudius

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all King Hamlet when Claudius reacts

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Hamlet will have proof of Claudius is

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guilt Hamlet has another dramatic run-in

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with a philia who he abuses yelling that

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he never loved her at all ah philia is

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distraught and Claudius and Polonius who

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have been spying on the whole scene

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think that there must be another reason

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for Hamlet's crazy behavior later on the

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whole court has turned out to watch the

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play

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Claudius freaks out when he says the

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players act out the way he killed his

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brother and leaves in a rush now Hamlet

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has his proof

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Claudius decides to deal with Hamlet by

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asking Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to

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take him away to England he begins to

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pray revealing that he has no remorse

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for murdering his brother while Claudius

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is praying Hamlet creeps up to kill him

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but realizes that if Claudius dies while

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praying he will go to heaven he

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definitely doesn't want that so he

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decides to kill Claudius later he goes

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off to speak with his mother

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Polonius has hidden himself behind a

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huge tapestry in Gertrude's chamber so

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that he can spy on Hamlet mother and son

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get into a huge argument and when Hamlet

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he is a noise behind the tapestry he

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assumes it is Claudius spying on him

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angry he stabs him through the fabric

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but then is frustrated to find that it

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is Polonius that he has killed not

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Claudius as he wanted Claudius is now in

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damage control trying to find ways to

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keep his grasp on power and get rid of

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Hamlet he gets Hamlet on a boat to

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England without letting him know that

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it's a one-way trip meanwhile a philia

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has been sent over the edge by Hamlet's

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cruelty and the death of her father

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everyone in the court is worried about

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her especially Laertes who has arrived

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back from France

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he wants Hamlet to pay for the death of

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his father

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Claudius tells Laertes that he can be

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the one to punish Hamlet the two will

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take part in a Dueling match and when

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lair T strikes Hamlet with his blade

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that has been secretly poisoned Hamlet

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will die and justice will be served

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Gertrude interrupts this plotting with

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the terrible news that a philia has

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drowned herself in the river Hamlet has

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been spending time in the graveyard

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thinking about the futility of life and

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the inevitability of death he watches a

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funeral begin and realizes that it is

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Afilias Hamlet and Laertes get into a

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huge argument and the two need to be

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physically separated when talking with

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Horatio hammer explains that Claudius

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had arranged for him to be murdered when

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he arrived in England however he did a

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switcheroo with the instructions and now

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Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are gone

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Hamlet realizes that he must succumb to

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fate and agrees to duel with Laertes no

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matter what the outcome may be at the

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duel things don't go quite according to

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Claudius's plan Laertes and Hamlet are

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both struck with the poisoned sword and

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Gertrude accidentally drinks from a cup

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of poisoned wine which Claudius had

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prepared for Hamlet as a backup in case

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his original plan didn't work

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when Gertrude falls down dead Laertes

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confesses the whole plan and Hamlet

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finally kills Claudius Hamlet and

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Laertes forgive each other just before

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Laertes dies as Hamlet lies dying a

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servant brings news that Fortinbras is

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marching on the castle Hamlet instructs

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that Fortinbras should be made the new

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King of Denmark as he has proven himself

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to be an excellent leader when he

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arrives to a court full of dead bodies

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he declares that Hamlet was a great man

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and will be buried honorably

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[Music]

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we hope you enjoyed this schooling

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online production for more easy lessons

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on Hamlet check out our analysis of all

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the themes within the play

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[Music]

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Etiquetas Relacionadas
HamletVenganzaConflictoRealezaMoralTragediaShakespeareElsinorePoloniusClaudiusAfilias