How Does A Refrigerator(fridge) Works - 3D Animation

Summary

This video script delves into the science behind refrigerators, explaining how a compressor filled with freon R134a works to cool the interior while releasing heat at the condenser coils. It details the refrigeration cycle, from the capillary tube's pressure drop to the evaporator's heat exchange, and the role of the accumulator and thermostat. Additionally, it touches on common issues like frost buildup and the importance of the evaporator coil, while also promoting a 3D animation course for career advancement in the animation industry.

Takeaways

• 🧊 The refrigerator's compressor is the heart of the cooling system, using a single-phase induction motor to compress and pump the refrigerant gas.
• 🌡 Freon R134a is the refrigerant commonly used in modern refrigerators, which is compressed to increase its temperature and pressure.
• 🔄 The condenser unit, located at the back of the refrigerator, helps to cool the high-temperature refrigerant by exchanging heat with the environment.
• 🚰 The capillary tube, a small copper tube, acts as a throttle device to convert high pressure to low pressure, further cooling the refrigerant.
• ❄️ The evaporator coil inside the refrigerator exchanges heat with the contents, causing the refrigerant to evaporate and absorb the cold, thus cooling the food.
• 🛠️ The strainer filters the refrigerant to prevent blockages in the system, ensuring smooth operation.
• 🔧 An accumulator is used to ensure that only gas, not liquid, enters the compressor, protecting the motor from damage.
• 🔥 A heater coil is attached to the evaporator coil to remove ice buildup, allowing for efficient heat exchange.
• 🌀 Fans in the refrigerator distribute the cold air throughout the fridge, ensuring even cooling.
• 🤖 The thermostat acts as the 'brain' of the refrigerator, controlling the compressor's speed to regulate the cooling effect.
• 🎓 The script also promotes a 3D animation course, suggesting a growing demand for animators in various industries.

Q & A

What is the primary function of a refrigerator?

The primary function of a refrigerator is to cool the contents inside, such as vegetables and water, by maintaining a lower temperature compared to the environment outside.

Why is the area behind the refrigerator often hot?

The area behind the refrigerator is hot because the condenser unit, which is responsible for releasing the heat absorbed from the inside of the fridge, is located there.

What is the role of the compressor in a refrigerator?

The compressor is the heart of the refrigerator; it compresses and pumps the refrigerant gas, increasing its temperature and pressure.

What type of motor is used in the compressor of a refrigerator?

A single-phase induction motor is used inside the reciprocating type compressor of a refrigerator.

What is the name of the gas commonly used as a refrigerant in modern refrigerators?

Freon R134a is the gas commonly used as a refrigerant in modern refrigerators.

How does the condenser unit help in cooling the refrigerant?

The condenser unit helps in cooling the refrigerant by exchanging heat with the outside environment as the high-temperature refrigerant flows through the condenser coil.

What is the purpose of the capillary tube in a refrigerator's cooling system?

The capillary tube is a throttle device that converts high pressure to low pressure and cools the refrigerant completely by reducing its temperature as it passes through the tube.

Why is the strainer placed in front of the capillary tube?

The strainer acts as a filter to ensure that the refrigerant is sent forward in a pure form, preventing any blockages in the tubes.

Where is the evaporator coil located in a refrigerator, and what is its function?

The evaporator coil is located on the inner side of the refrigerator's body, usually in the freezer section. Its function is to absorb heat from the contents of the fridge, causing the refrigerant to evaporate and thus cool the interior.

What is the purpose of the heater coil around the evaporator coil?

The heater coil is used to periodically melt any ice that may have formed around the evaporator coil, ensuring efficient heat exchange and proper functioning of the refrigerator.

What is the role of the thermostat in a refrigerator?

The thermostat is the 'brain' of the refrigerator, controlling the temperature by adjusting the speed of the compressor, which in turn affects the cooling effect.

Why is it important for the refrigerant to be completely in gas form before entering the compressor?

It is important for the refrigerant to be in gas form before entering the compressor to prevent damage to the motor. If liquid refrigerant enters the compressor, it can cause damage that may require the entire compressor to be replaced.

Outlines

00:00

🧊 The Science of Refrigeration

This paragraph explains the fundamental working principle of a refrigerator, focusing on the role of the compressor and the refrigerant gas, freon R134a. The compressor, powered by a single-phase induction motor, compresses and pumps the refrigerant gas, causing its temperature to rise to 90°C and pressure to 8 Bar. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas is then sent to the condenser unit located at the back of the refrigerator, where it exchanges heat with the environment, cooling down to 45°C and starting to liquefy. The paragraph also introduces the capillary tube, which further cools the refrigerant by reducing its pressure, leading to a temperature drop to -16°C and the majority of the refrigerant turning into liquid. The unique properties of freon gas, which cools and vaporizes quickly, make it ideal for use in refrigerators.

05:01

🌐 The Refrigeration Cycle and Its Components

This paragraph delves deeper into the components of the refrigeration cycle, starting with the strainer that filters the refrigerant before it reaches the evaporator coil. The evaporator coil, located inside the refrigerator, is responsible for exchanging heat with the contents of the fridge, cooling them down as the refrigerant absorbs heat and turns back into vapor. However, if the refrigerant doesn't fully vaporize, it can damage the compressor. To prevent this, an accumulator is used to ensure only gas enters the compressor. The paragraph also discusses the challenges faced by the evaporator coil, such as frosting, and the use of a heater coil to defrost it. Additionally, it explains the role of the thermostat as the 'brain' of the refrigerator, controlling the compressor's speed to regulate the cooling effect. The video also promotes a 3D animation course for those interested in learning about animation, providing a link in the description for further information.

10:04

📢 Closing Remarks and Call to Action

The final paragraph serves as a conclusion to the video, encouraging viewers to subscribe to the channel and like the video if they found it informative. It reiterates the value of the 3D animation course mentioned earlier and invites viewers to join it through the provided link in the description. This paragraph emphasizes the growth and success that can be achieved by learning and applying the skills taught in the course, aligning with the channel's mission to help its audience grow and succeed.

Keywords

💡Refrigerator

A refrigerator is a common household appliance designed to store food at low temperatures to slow down the spoilage process. In the context of the video, the refrigerator's primary function is to cool the interior while the exterior, particularly the condenser unit, becomes hot due to the heat exchange process.

💡Compressor

The compressor is the heart of the refrigerator's cooling system. It is responsible for compressing the refrigerant gas, which increases its temperature and pressure. In the video, it is described as a reciprocating type compressor with a single-phase induction motor, which is essential for pumping the gas, such as Freon R134a.

💡Freon R134a

Freon R134a is a type of refrigerant gas used in modern refrigerators. It has the property of quickly cooling and turning into a liquid under pressure, and then easily vaporizing again when it absorbs heat. The script explains how the compressor compresses this gas, leading to a temperature increase and pressure rise.

💡Condenser Unit

The condenser unit is a critical component located at the back of the refrigerator, where the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant gas releases heat to the environment. It is a tube through which the refrigerant flows, cooling down and beginning to condense into a liquid. The script mentions the condenser's role in heat exchange with the environment.

💡Capillary Tube

The capillary tube is a small-diameter copper tube that serves as a throttle device, converting high-pressure liquid refrigerant into a lower-pressure mixture of liquid and gas. Its length and diameter affect the pressure drop, which is crucial for cooling the refrigerant. The script describes how the capillary tube helps in the complete cooling of the refrigerant before it enters the evaporator.

💡Evaporator Coil

The evaporator coil is where the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the interior of the refrigerator, turning back into a gas and thus cooling the space. It is located inside the freezer compartment, where its cooling effect is most pronounced. The script explains how the refrigerant exchanges heat with the food items, maintaining the cold temperature inside the refrigerator.

💡Thermostat

The thermostat is like the brain of the refrigerator, controlling the temperature by regulating the speed of the compressor. It adjusts the cooling effect based on the desired temperature setting. The script mentions how the thermostat manages the compressor's speed to achieve the desired cooling level.

💡Accumulator

The accumulator is a device that separates liquid refrigerant from the gas before it enters the compressor, preventing damage to the compressor. It ensures that only gas enters the compressor, maintaining the efficiency of the cooling cycle. The script explains its role in preventing liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor.

💡Heat Exchange

Heat exchange is the process by which the refrigerant releases or absorbs heat as it flows through the condenser and evaporator coils. This process is fundamental to the refrigerator's operation, as it allows for the cooling of the interior while the exterior dissipates heat. The script describes how heat exchange occurs between the refrigerant and the environment, as well as with the food inside the refrigerator.

💡3D Animation

3D animation is a creative process that involves designing and animating three-dimensional models. In the video, 3D animation is used to illustrate the complex workings of a refrigerator in an engaging and understandable way. The script also mentions the potential career opportunities and courses available for learning 3D animation.

💡Fan

Fans in a refrigerator help distribute the cold air throughout the appliance, ensuring even cooling. The script mentions that fans are attached below the evaporator coil to circulate the cold air, contributing to the overall cooling effect of the refrigerator.

Highlights

Refrigerators maintain a cold interior while the exterior can become hot enough to cook food on.

The compressor is the heart of the refrigerator, containing a single-phase induction motor that compresses and pumps the gas.

Freon R134a is the common refrigerant used in modern refrigerators.

The condenser unit, located at the back of the refrigerator, helps to dissipate heat from the refrigerant.

Supporting wires on the condenser aid in heat exchange with the environment, cooling the refrigerant.

The refrigerant turns into a liquid after cooling in the condenser, similar to water turning into vapor when heated and back into liquid when cooled.

The capillary tube, a throttle device, converts high-pressure refrigerant to low pressure, further cooling it.

The pressure drop in the capillary tube is influenced by its length and diameter.

Freon gas cools rapidly and turns into liquid, which is ideal for refrigeration systems.

A strainer filters the refrigerant before it reaches the evaporator coil to prevent blockages.

The evaporator coil, located inside the refrigerator, exchanges heat with the contents to cool them.

The accumulator ensures that only gaseous refrigerant returns to the compressor, preventing damage.

A heater coil is used to melt ice around the evaporator coil, ensuring efficient heat exchange.

The thermostat acts as the brain of the refrigerator, controlling the compressor's speed to regulate temperature.

In deep freezers, the condensing coil structure is modified with a fan to remove heat more effectively.

3D animation is a growing field with significant demand and opportunities for animators.

The video promotes a 3D animation course with a basic fee, encouraging viewers to improve their future in the industry.

Transcripts

Refrigerators cool the vegetables and water kept inside,

but the temperature of the equipment behind it is so high that we can cook food on them.

So how is it possible to have such a high temperature outside the fridge and very cold inside?

Apart from this, many times the refrigerator malfunctions,

then only one thing comes to our mind it must have run out of gas,

but friends, there is nothing like this,

let's understand the science behind it in this video with the help of 3D animation.

The heart of the refrigerator is the compressor,

it is a reciprocating type compressor,

it has a single-phase induction motor inside it.

When this motor rotates, the piston connected to it moves in such a way

that it compresses and pumps the gas present here.

Let's understand the working of these components in a better way by keeping the body of the refrigerator aside.

The compressor is absolutely packed because a gas is filled inside it,

named as freon r134a,

which is commonly used nowadays,

and both the motor and the compressor work together to pump this gas.

When the compressor compresses this gas,

its temperature increases up to 90C and increases the pressure up to 8 Bar

and we also call this gas a refrigerant.

Now, this temperature and pressure is very high, so we need to bring it down,

so the refrigerant with this high temperature and pressure is sent to the condenser unit,

which is such a tube located in the backside of the refrigerator which is easily visible to us.

And when the refrigerant with high temperature flows through this tube,

it starts exchanging heat with the outside environment

because the temperature of the condenser coil is very high and the temperature of the environment is very low,

so the refrigerant starts cooling slowly.

There are some such types of supporting wires on the condenser,

which support the condenser and also help in cooling the refrigerant

because they are in touch with the condenser tube, the temperature of the condenser tube is transferred to them

and they help in cooling the refrigerant by exchanging heat with the environment.

When the refrigerant comes out of the condenser coil after traveling such a long way,

its temperature reduces to 45C and when the temperature comes down,

the gas starts turning into liquid.

Let's understand it in an easier way when we heat water, it turns into vapor

and when we cool it down, it turns back into liquid,

so the same thing happens with this gas.

When the gas comes out of the condenser unit, it cools down and starts turning into liquid.

Now after leaving the condenser unit, this refrigerant goes into the capillary tube.

The capillary tube is a type of copper tube whose diameter ranges from 0.5mm to 2.2mm

and its length can be up to 5 meters.

Capillary tube is a throttle device which works to convert high pressure to low pressure

and this is the device that cools the refrigerant completely.

let's try to understand it a bit.

The capillary tube is only and only a copper tube and neither electricity is given in it nor there is any moving part in it.

The pressure drop that occurs is in direct proportion to the length of this tube

and is in inverse proportion to the diameter.

So as the diameter of this tube decreases,

the pressure drop will increase and we increase the length also, along with the diameter,

the pressure drop will increase further.

Now you need to understand the simple meaning of pressure drop,

the pressure drop is increasing, which means that the drop in pressure is increasing,

that is, the pressure is decreasing in actuality.

So When the refrigerant comes out of this capillary tube, its pressure will drop to 0.6 bar

and when that pressure drop occurs, the temperature will also reduce.

So when the refrigerant was entering inside this tube, its temperature was 45C

and when it came out, its temperature would reach -16C.

And when the temperature becomes so low, 75% of the gas that was there becomes liquid.

Freon gas is used inside the refrigerator,

whose nature is that it cools down very quickly and turns into liquid

and heats up very quickly and turns into vapor, that's why this gas is used in the refrigerator.

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Strainer is placed in front of the capillary tube which acts as a filter

and sends the refrigerant forward in pure form so that no tube gets blocked further.

The refrigerant released from the strainer reaches the evaporator coil

and the evaporator coil is also a tube and it is on the inner side of the box of the refrigerator.

This is the only coil that remains set in the body of the refrigerator,

the rest of the mechanism remains outside.

The topmost box in the refrigerator, which is called the freezer,

is where this coil is attached and its effect is maximum only in the freezer,

that's why ice freezes easily in this box Because a very cold liquid refrigerant is flowing inside this coil.

So When we keep any vegetable or fruit inside the fridge,

the refrigerant running in this coil exchanges its heat,

gives its cold to the vegetable and takes the heat with it and goes ahead.

If a hot and a cold ball are kept close to each other,

then the hot ball will heat the cold ball a little and the cold ball will cool the hot one a little,

In this way, if both keep exchanging their energy,

then the same thing happens in a fridge.

When the evaporator coil exchanges the heat of any vegetable, or fruit kept in the refrigerator,

then the liquid flowing inside it starts turning back into vapor,

after getting heated, it starts turning back into gas.

And when this gas comes out of the evaporator coil, it is again sent back to the compressor.

But here comes a big problem,

when the refrigerant comes out of the evaporator, it does not convert completely into gas.

Because many times it happens that there is nothing kept in the fridge,

then with whom will the refrigerant exchange the heat?

And in the compressor unit, if even a single drop of refrigerant goes in liquid form,

then it has a motor and the motor will get damaged.

And then the whole compressor will have to be changed because it cannot be fixed by opening it.

That's why the accumulator is set near the compressor,

which completely converts the liquid coming from the evaporator coil into gas

and holds the liquid then it will send the refrigerant near the compressor only and only in gas form.

After that the same process goes on again,

the system of the refrigerator works in a closed loop. If there is any leakage,

then only the gas of the refrigerator can be exhausted, otherwise, its gas lasts till its lifetime.

But you will notice many times that the evaporator coil in the fridge has to struggle a lot.

You must have seen in summer,

when we pour very cold water or cold drink in a glass, then water droplets freeze around it,

so the same happens with the evaporator coil.

Whatever little water vapors are inside the fridge, when the coil is cold, they stick on it

and ice gets frozen around the coil.

Due to this, the evaporator coil does not exchange heat properly.

And the evaporator coil can't convert liquid into gas.

That's why a heater coil is also attached around the evaporator coil,

which is turned on every 5 to 6 hours and if there is any ice on the evaporator coil, it removes it.

And this snow melts and collects as water in a container at the back.

The evaporator coil is placed only in the freezer, on the upper side,

in the rest of the fridge below, fans are attached to give the effect of cold, which cools the entire fridge.

And I told you that the compressor is the heart of the fridge,

then the fridge also has a brain and the name of that brain is the thermostat.

When we increase or decrease the cooling effect,

at that time the thermostat controls the temperature by increasing or decreasing the speed of the compressor.

If we increase the temperature of the refrigerator,

then in that condition, the thermostat will rotate the compressor at slow speed,

due to which the compressor will be able to pump less gas and will see less cooling effect.

In a deep fridge, the structure of the condensing coil is changed,

which is of this type

And there is a fan in it, which works to take out the heat of the condensing coil,

the rest of the processing is the same for all fridges.

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