KEKUASAAN INGGRIS DI INDONESIA - Sejarah Indonesia | Video Pembelajaran
Summary
TLDRThis historical video script explores the Dutch East India Company's decline and the British rule in Indonesia, marked by the Treaty of Tuntang in 1806. It delves into Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles' governance, characterized by three key principles: abolishing forced labor, eliminating the role of local rulers as tax collectors, and asserting government land ownership. Raffles' policies aimed to boost the economy and government revenue, introducing land rent systems and promoting trade freedom. Despite facing challenges and criticism, his administration left a positive impact, including the founding of Bogor Botanical Gardens and the discovery of Rafflesia arnoldii. The video concludes with the return of Java to Dutch control in 1816.
Takeaways
- 📜 The script discusses the history of the Dutch East India Company's fall to the British, marked by the Treaty of Tuntang on September 18, 1860.
- 🇬🇧 The British rule in Indonesia began with Lord Minto officially appointing Thomas Stamford Raffles as the British authority in Indonesia on September 18, 1984, with Batavia as the center of power.
- 🏛 Raffles implemented three main principles in governance: the abolition of forced labor and tax collection, the removal of bupati as tax collectors, and the declaration of land as government property.
- 🤝 Raffles fostered good relations with local rulers, especially those opposed to the Dutch, and divided Java into 18 residencies, appointing bupati as government officials with cash salaries.
- 🛡️ Raffles intervened in local affairs, including conflicts within the Yogyakarta Sultanate, and sent British troops to dethrone Sultan Hamengkubuwono II, who was seen as a threat to British rule.
- 🌾 In the economic sphere, Raffles aimed to advance Indonesia's economy to increase government profits, abolishing compulsory agricultural deliveries and slavery, and monopolizing salt sales.
- 💼 He introduced land privatization, allowing private land sales, and promoted coffee plantations, granting freedom in trade and allowing people to cultivate profitable international crops.
- 🏘️ Raffles established a land rent system where farmers had to rent land, with rent prices depending on the land's condition and paid in cash.
- 🏞️ He aimed to improve the colony and increase the prosperity of the people by making villages more open to development, which would in turn increase production and tax revenue.
- 🚧 Despite his progressive vision, Raffles faced challenges such as insufficient government oversight and the strong influence of local leaders compared to British resident assistants.
- 📚 Raffles' rule left a positive impact on Indonesia, including the writing of 'The History of Java', the reinstatement of Sultan Sepuh as Yogyakarta's Sultan, and the establishment of Bogor Botanical Gardens by his wife, Olivia Raffles.
- 🌼 The discovery of the endemic Indonesian plant Rafflesia arnoldii, also known as the corpse flower, and the formation of cultural and scientific associations like the Batavia skinos cap in Harmoni, Jakarta, are also part of Raffles' legacy.
Q & A
What significant event marked the end of Dutch power in Indonesia and the beginning of British rule?
-The end of Dutch power in Indonesia and the beginning of British rule was marked by the signing of the Treaty of Tuntang on September 18, 1860.
Who was appointed as the British ruler of Indonesia by Governor-General Lord Minto?
-Thomas Stamford Raffles was appointed as the British ruler of Indonesia by Governor-General Lord Minto.
What were the three principles that Raffles adhered to in his governance of Indonesia?
-The three principles Raffles adhered to were the abolition of all forms of forced labor and tax delivery, the removal of bupati as tax collectors, and the assertion that land belongs to the government.
How did Raffles' policies in the social and economic fields compare to the Dutch Republic's Batavian period?
-Raffles' policies in the social and economic fields were similar to the Dutch Republic's Batavian period, as he was also a revolutionary figure, especially in his economic views.
What were some of the economic policies implemented by Raffles to boost the Indonesian economy and increase British government profits?
-Some of Raffles' economic policies included abolishing forced agricultural deliveries, ending the corvée system and slavery, monopolizing salt sales, selling land to private individuals, promoting coffee plantations, and granting freedom in trade.
What was the 'Land rent' system implemented by Raffles, and how did it work?
-The 'Land rent' system was a land lease policy where farmers had to rent land even if they were the owners. The rent price depended on the land's condition, and payment was made in cash.
How did Raffles attempt to improve the administration and prosperity of the Indonesian archipelago?
-Raffles aimed to improve the administration by making villages more open to development, which would increase production and improve the lives of the people, thereby increasing tax revenue.
What challenges did Raffles face during his rule, and how did they affect his governance?
-Raffles faced challenges such as insufficient government oversight, stronger roles of local leaders like village heads and bupati compared to British resident assistants, and the difficulty of shedding the culture of colonialism, which led to continued slavery, forced labor, and monopolies.
What were some of the positive impacts of Raffles' rule on Indonesia?
-Positive impacts included the writing of 'The History of Java' by Raffles, the reinstatement of Sultan Sepuh as the Sultan of Yogyakarta, the establishment of the Bogor Botanical Gardens by Olivia Raffles, and the discovery of the Rafflesia arnoldii, also known as the corpse flower.
Why was Raffles replaced in 1815, and what happened to Java after his replacement?
-Raffles was replaced by John Fendall in 1815 because his governance was considered unsatisfactory in providing benefits to the British government. Shortly after the change in leadership, Java was returned to Dutch control in 1816.
What cultural and scientific contributions did Raffles' rule bring to Indonesia?
-Raffles' rule contributed to the establishment of cultural and scientific communities, such as the Batavia skinos cap in Harmoni Jakarta, which fostered the exchange of knowledge and ideas.
Outlines
🏛️ The British Takeover and Raffles' Policies in Indonesia
This paragraph introduces the historical context of British rule in Indonesia following the Dutch. It discusses the Treaty of London in 1860 and the appointment of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles as the British authority. Raffles implemented three key principles: abolishing forced labor, eliminating the role of bupati as tax collectors, and asserting government ownership of land. He also aimed to improve relations with local rulers, divided Java into 18 residencies, and intervened in local governance, including military action against the Sultan of Yogyakarta. Economically, Raffles sought to modernize the economy by abolishing compulsory deliveries, ending forced labor and slavery, monopolizing salt, and introducing a land rent system. His policies also included promoting coffee cultivation and granting trade freedoms, aiming to increase government revenue and improve the welfare of the people.
🌏 Raffles' Legacy and the End of British Rule in Indonesia
The second paragraph reflects on the outcomes of Raffles' governance and his legacy in Indonesia. Despite his progressive vision, Raffles faced challenges such as insufficient government oversight and cultural resistance to colonialism. His administration did not yield significant profits for the British government, and the people of Indonesia continued to suffer. However, Raffles left a positive impact through his contributions, such as writing 'The History of Java', reinstating Sultan Sepuh, establishing the Bogor Botanical Gardens, and discovering the Rafflesia arnoldii plant. The paragraph concludes with the brief mention of Raffles' replacement by John Fendall in 1815 and the subsequent return of Java to Dutch control in 1816, setting the stage for further discussion on Dutch colonial rule in the next video.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Dutch East India Company
💡Treaty of Tuntang
💡Lord Minto
💡Stamford Raffles
💡Batavia
💡Principles of Raffles
💡Indonesian Economy
💡Land Rent System
💡Cultural and Scientific Associations
💡Rafflesia arnoldii
💡Sultan Hamengkubuwono II
💡British Colonial Administration
Highlights
The video discusses the history of the Dutch East India Company's decline and the British victory marked by the Treaty of Tuntang on September 18, 1860.
The British rule in Indonesia from 1811 to 1816 is characterized by the appointment of Thomas Stamford Raffles as the British authority with Batavia as the center of power.
Raffles implemented three principles in governance: abolition of forced labor, removal of bupati as tax collectors, and land ownership by the government.
Raffles fostered good relations with local rulers who were against the Dutch, dividing Java into 18 residencies and appointing bupati as government officials.
Raffles intervened in local government affairs, including conflicts within the Yogyakarta Sultanate and sent British troops to dethrone Sultan Hamengkubuwono II.
Raffles' economic policies were revolutionary, aiming to advance Indonesia's economy to increase British government profits.
He abolished compulsory agricultural deliveries, the corvée system, and slavery, and monopolized salt sales.
Raffles introduced land privatization, selling land to private individuals and promoting coffee cultivation, granting freedom in trade and allowing people to plant profitable crops.
The Land Rent system was implemented, where the government was the sole legal landowner, and farmers had to rent land regardless of ownership, with rent paid in cash.
Raffles aimed to improve the colony and increase the prosperity of the people by making villages more open to development, which would in turn increase production and tax revenue.
Despite his progressive vision, Raffles faced challenges such as lack of government oversight and stronger local leaders compared to British resident assistants.
Slavery, forced labor, and monopolies still existed under Raffles' rule, indicating a failure to fully control the colony according to his ideals.
Despite the lack of significant profit for the British government, Raffles' administration had some positive impacts on Indonesia.
Raffles authored 'The History of Java', a significant historical work, and reinstated Sultan Sepuh as the Sultan of Yogyakarta.
The Bogor Botanical Gardens, initiated by Raffles' wife Olivia, led to the discovery of the endemic Indonesian plant Rafflesia arnoldii, also known as the corpse flower.
Cultural and scientific associations like Batavia skinos cap in Harmoni Jakarta were part of the positive cultural influences left by Raffles' administration.
The British rule in Indonesia was short-lived due to dissatisfaction with Raffles' administration, leading to his replacement by John Fendall in 1815 and the return of Java to Dutch control in 1816.
Transcripts
Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh Selamat datang di video
sejarah dinasti pada video sejarah
sebelumnya tentang kekuasaan Republik
Bataaf kita sudah membahas bahwa Belanda
akhirnya berhasil dikalahkan oleh
Inggris jatuhnya Belanda ke tangan
Inggris ditandai dengan adanya
perjanjian Tuntang pada tanggal 18
September 1860 dialisme Inggris di
Indonesia yang berlangsung dari tahun
1811-1816 simak terus ya pada tanggal 18
September 1984 tujuan Inggris di
Indonesia Gubernur Jenderal Lord Minto
secara resmi mengangkat Thomas Stamford
Raffles sebagai penguasa Inggris di
Indonesia
Hai dengan pusat kekuasaan terletak di
Batavia dalam rangka menjalankan
pemerintahannya Raffles berpegang pada
tiga prinsip yang pertama segala bentuk
kerja rodi dan penyerahan wajib
dihapuskan yang kedua peranan para
bupati sebagai pemungut pajak dihapus
dan yang ketiga tanah adalah milik
pemerintah berpegang pada tiga prinsip
tersebut Raffles membuat beberapa
kebijakan dalam bidang politik dan
pemerintahan serta bidang sosial ekonomi
kita bahas satu persatu Ya kebijakan
Raffles dalam bidang politik dan
pemerintahan Raffles menjalin hubungan
baik dengan penguasa lokal terutama yang
anti terhadap Belanda Raffles membagi
pulau Jawa menjadi 18 keresidenan
Raffles mengangkat para bupati sebagai
pegawai
pemerintah sehingga mereka mendapat gaji
dalam bentuk uang tunai pada waktu
berkuasa Raffles sering mencampuri
urusan-urusan kerajaan lokal salah
satunya mencampuri konflik yang terjadi
dalam Keraton Jogjakarta Raffles
mengirimkan pasukan Inggris untuk
menyerang Keraton Yogyakarta dengan
tujuan untuk menurunkan Tahta Sultan
Hamengkubuwono dua karena sosoknya
dianggap dapat menjadi musuh dalam
pemerintahan Inggris kebijakan Raffles
dalam bidang sosial dan ekonomi mirip
dengan sosok dandeles Pada masa
kekuasaan Republik Bataaf dapat
dikatakan Raffles juga adalah sosok yang
revolusioner terutama pandangannya dalam
bidang ekonomi raffles berupaya untuk
memajukan perekonomian Indonesia dengan
tujuan untuk meningkatkan
keuntungan pemerintah Inggris beberapa
kebijakan Raffles diantaranya menghapus
segala bentuk penyerahan wajib seperti
penyerahan wajib hasil pertanian
menghapus sistem kerja rodi dan
perbudakan memonopoli garam menjual
tanah kepada swasta dan melanjutkan
usaha penanaman kopi memberi kebebasan
dalam usaha perdagangan dengan memberi
kesempatan kepada rakyat untuk menanam
tanaman yang laku di pasar internasional
memberlakukan sistem sewa tanah menurut
Raffles pemerintah adalah satu-satunya
pemilik tanah yang sah
Hai Oleh karena itu diterapkan lah
sistem sewa tanah atau yang disebut
dengan istilah Land rent dengan
ketentuan sebagai berikut petani harus
menyewa tanah meskipun Ia adalah pemilik
tanah tersebut harga sewa tanah
bergantung pada kondisi tanah pembayaran
sewa tanah dilakukan dengan uang tunai
sebetulnya Raffles adalah pemimpin yang
berpandangan maju ia ingin memperbaiki
tanah jajahan dan meningkatkan
kemakmuran rakyat Raffles menempatkan
desa sebagai unit administrasi
pelaksanaan pemerintah agar Desa menjadi
lebih terbuka sehingga bisa berkembang
jika Desa bisa berkembang maka produksi
juga akan meningkat dan hidup rakyat
bertambah baik sehingga hasil penarikan
pajak tanah juga akan bertambah besar
namun dalam pelaksanaan kekuasaannya
Raffles menemui banyak kendala seperti
kurangnya pengawasan pemerintah peran
kepala desa dan bupati yang lebih kuat
dibandingkan dengan asisten residen yang
berasal dari Inggris serta sulitnya
melepas budaya sebagai penjajah
Hai Masih ditemukan banyak perbudakan
kerja paksa dan Monopoli pada Kekuasaan
Raffles sehingga dapat disimpulkan
Raffles kurang berhasil mengendalikan
tanah jajahan sesuai dengan idenya
Hai selama masa kepemimpinan Raffles
pemerintah Inggris tidak mendapat
keuntungan yang berarti sementara itu
rakyat Indonesia tetap menderita namun
diluar semua itu pemerintahan Raffles
memberikan beberapa pengaruh positif
bagi Indonesia Berikut ini hal positif
yang ditinggalkan pemerintahan Raffles
buku sejarah Jawa berjudul the History
Of Java yang ditulis oleh Raffles
sendiri mengangkat kembali Sultan sepuh
sebagai Sultan Yogyakarta sebelumnya
Sultan sepuh diturunkan dari Tahta oleh
pemerintahan Daendels pada saat masa
kekuasaan Republik Bataaf berdirinya
Kebun Raya Bogor yang dirintis oleh
istri Raffles bernama Olivia Raffles
ditemukannya Tanaman endemik Indonesia
yang diberi nama Rafflesia arnoldii
atau oleh orang Indonesia disebut dengan
bunga bangkai di bentuknya
perkumpulan-perkumpulan kebudayaan dan
ilmu pengetahuan salah satunya
perkumpulan Batavia skinos cap di
Harmoni Jakarta pemerintahan Inggris di
Indonesia tidak berlangsung lama karena
seperti yang sudah kita bahas
pemerintahan yang dijalankan Raffles
dianggap kurang memuaskan dalam
memberikan keuntungan bagi pemerintah
Inggris Oleh karena itu pada tahun 1815
Raffles digantikan oleh John fendall
namun tidak lama setelah pergantian
kepemimpinan pulau Jawa harus diserahkan
kembali kepada Belanda pada tahun 1816
Hai jadi pada video selanjutnya kita
akan membahas tentang masa pemerintahan
kolonial Belanda di Indonesia yang
berlangsung selama dua setengah abad
teman-teman tunggu terus kelanjutan
video sejarah dinasti ya Bantu dukung
channel ini dengan share like dan
subscribe jangan lupa menyalakan lonceng
notifikasinya juga ya Terima kasih
semoga bermanfaat di
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