Raja Berpenyakit Yang Menjaga Yerusalem! Benar Selalu Pakai Topeng? Baldwin IV |Learning By Googling

Summary

The video script narrates the remarkable story of Baldwin IV, the King of Jerusalem, who ruled despite suffering from leprosy from a young age. Born in 1161, Baldwin faced numerous challenges, including a power struggle within the nobility and external threats from Saladin, the Muslim leader. Despite his illness, Baldwin led his troops to a surprising victory against Saladin's forces at the Battle of Montgisard. However, his health deteriorated over time, and he eventually passed the throne to his nephew, Baldwin V, before his death at the age of 23. The script also touches on the popular misconception of Baldwin IV always wearing a silver mask, a detail not historically verified.

Takeaways

• 😀 Baldwin IV, also known as Ball Twin, was the King of Jerusalem from 1174 to 1185, despite suffering from leprosy from a young age.
• 👑 Born in 1161, Baldwin IV was the second son of Prince Amalric and his first wife, Agnes of Courtney. His uncle, Baldwin III, was the king of Jerusalem at the time of his birth.
• 🤝 Due to political reasons, Baldwin IV's father was forced to divorce his first wife and marry a Byzantine princess, but Baldwin IV's claim to the throne remained valid as he was considered a legitimate heir.
• 📚 Baldwin IV was educated by William of Tyre, a historian and an archdeacon of the Church of England, who was the first to notice signs of leprosy in the young prince.
• 🤕 The script mentions that Baldwin IV's leprosy was kept a secret from the public for various reasons, including the need for a male heir and the potential impact on the kingdom's stability.
• 🛡️ The Order of Saint Lazarus, initially formed to combat leprosy, evolved into a military order that played a significant role during the Crusades, and Baldwin IV's family feared he might be forced to join due to his condition.
• 🗡️ Despite his illness, Baldwin IV led his troops into battle against the Muslim leader Saladin, who aimed to reclaim Jerusalem for Islam.
• 🏰 In 1177, at the age of 16, Baldwin IV successfully defended the city of Ascalon against Saladin's forces, demonstrating his military prowess.
• 🔄 The conflict between the Crusaders and Saladin continued, with Baldwin IV's health deteriorating due to the stress of war and the progression of his leprosy.
• 👶 Before his death at the age of 23, Baldwin IV passed on his rule to his nephew, Baldwin V, who was only five years old at the time.
• 🕉️ Jerusalem eventually fell to Saladin's forces two years after Baldwin IV's death, marking the end of Christian rule in the city.

Q & A

Who was Baldwin IV, and what was his significance in the history of Jerusalem?

Baldwin IV was the King of Jerusalem, known for his young age at ascension and his struggle with leprosy. Despite his illness, he was a significant historical figure due to his leadership during the Crusades and his defense against Saladin's forces.

What was the condition of Baldwin IV's right hand that made people suspicious of his health?

Baldwin IV's right hand was incapable of feeling pain or any sensation, even when bitten by his friends. This condition, along with other symptoms, led to the realization that he was suffering from leprosy.

Why was Baldwin IV's leprosy kept a secret from the public?

Baldwin IV's leprosy was kept secret to prevent power struggles in Jerusalem, as he was the only male heir to the throne. Revealing his illness could have led to instability and potential takeover by competing noble factions.

What was the role of the Order of Saint Lazarus in the context of Baldwin IV's leprosy?

The Order of Saint Lazarus was a military order initially formed to address health issues in Jerusalem, particularly leprosy. Nobles with leprosy, like Baldwin IV, were often associated with this order, which later became a significant military force during the Crusades.

How did Baldwin IV's leprosy affect his ability to rule and his public image?

Despite his leprosy, Baldwin IV was able to rule effectively. His condition was hidden from the public to maintain his image and authority. He was also able to lead his troops into battle, boosting morale despite his physical challenges.

What significant military confrontation occurred between Baldwin IV and Saladin?

A significant military confrontation occurred in 1177 when Baldwin IV, at the age of 16, led a force of around 367 Templar knights to defend the city of Ascalon against Saladin's much larger and better-prepared army.

What was the outcome of the battle between Baldwin IV and Saladin's forces at Ascalon?

The battle resulted in a surprise attack by Baldwin IV's forces, which led to the death of over 90% of Saladin's army, including his personal bodyguard. This forced Saladin to retreat to Egypt, marking a significant defeat for him.

How did Baldwin IV's health condition deteriorate over time?

Baldwin IV's health condition deteriorated significantly, especially after the battle at Ascalon. His leprosy worsened, possibly transforming into lepromatous leprosy, which caused disfigurement, organ damage, and eventually blindness.

Why did Baldwin IV decide to pass on his power to his nephew, Baldwin V?

Baldwin IV, aware of his deteriorating health and the fact that he had no direct heirs, decided to pass on his power to his nephew, Baldwin V, to ensure the continuity of the kingdom's leadership.

What was the ultimate fate of Jerusalem under the rule of Baldwin IV and his successors?

Despite Baldwin IV's efforts, Jerusalem faced increasing internal conflicts and external threats from Saladin. Two years after his death, the city was captured by Saladin's forces, marking a significant turning point in the history of the Crusades.

How is Baldwin IV portrayed in the film 'Kingdom of Heaven'?

In the film 'Kingdom of Heaven,' Baldwin IV is depicted as a leader who always wears a silver mask, possibly due to the disfigurement caused by his leprosy. However, historical evidence regarding this portrayal is not confirmed.