The World War 2: The Fall of France

History Mapped Out
13 Mar 202416:19

Summary

TLDRLa Segunda Guerra Mundial vio a Francia enfrentándose a una serie de desafíos tras el ataque de Alemania a Polonia en 1939. La incertidumbre política, la economía débil y la confrontación entre ideologías extremas retrasaron la movilización. La estrategia de defensa, como la línea Maginot, y la falta de preparación ofensiva resultaron en una desventaja frente a la ofensiva alemana. La operación Fallo de Alemania, que incluyó el uso de paracaidistas y la invasión de Bélgica y Países Bajos, llevó a una rápida ofensiva que resultó en la rendición de Francia en 1940. El país fue dividido, con una parte bajo ocupación alemana y otra gobernada por el régimen de Vichy, mientras que el general de Gaulle lideraba el exilio francés.

Takeaways

  • 🇫🇷 La declaración de guerra de Francia y Gran Bretaña a Alemania tras el ataque a Polonia en 1939 no fue seguida inmediatamente por una respuesta militar de Francia, lo que afectó críticamente al país durante toda la guerra.
  • 📉 La economía francesa, aún afectada por la crisis económica prolongada, tenía altos niveles de desempleo y bajas remuneraciones, afectando especialmente a los agricultores que no podían exportar sus productos.
  • 🔄 Los cambios constantes de gobierno y reformas contradictorias empeoraron la economía francesa y aumentaron la incertidumbre política, con tensiones entre el extremo derecho y el extremo izquierdo.
  • 🛡️ La Francia de la época contaba con la Línea Maginot, una red de fortificaciones defensivas, para proteger su frontera con Alemania, pero no estaba preparada para una ofensiva militar ofensiva.
  • 🚂 Aunque Francia tenía más tanques en número, su nueva tecnología estaba dispersa y no se utilizó efectivamente, y gran parte de su flota era obsoleta.
  • 🛫 La aviación francesa estaba en un estado aún peor, con aviones obsoletos y pilotos mal entrenados, y se le asignó un papel secundario en la estrategia militar.
  • 🇵🇱 La ofensiva de Francia para ayudar a Polonia, conocida como la ofensiva de Saar, fue un fracaso, con pocos soldados desplazándose y retirándose rápidamente ante la invasión soviética de Polonia.
  • 🎯 El plan de ataque alemán, 'Fall Gelb', se basó en una ofensiva rápida a través de los países Benelux para luego atacar a Francia, pero fue modificado tras el descubrimiento accidental del plan por parte de los belgas.
  • 🤝 La falta de un plan de acción común entre las fuerzas aliadas y la desconfianza entre los generales afectó negativamente a su estrategia y coordinación.
  • 🏰 La invasión de Bélgica y los Países Bajos por parte de Alemania y el uso de tropas paracaidistas para sabotaje y ataques sorpresa dieron una ventaja estratégica a los alemanes.
  • 🇧🇪 La retirada de las fuerzas aliadas a Dinamarca, conocida como la Batalla de Dunkerque, permitió la evacuación de 340,000 soldados, pero con la pérdida de gran parte de su equipo.
  • 🏰 La ofensiva alemana 'Fall Rot' en junio de 1940, con una ventaja numérica considerable, llevó a una rápida invasión y conquista de Francia, culminando en la rendición del país el 22 de junio.

Q & A

  • ¿Por qué Francia no reaccionó inmediatamente cuando Alemania atacó a Polonia en 1939?

    -La situación en Francia era incierta, con una economía aún afectada por la crisis económica, desempleo y bajos salarios. Además, el enfrentamiento entre el extremo derecho y el extremo izquierdo, así como la preocupación por las llamadas comunistas a la rebelión, hicieron que los políticos franceses se enfocaran más en sus aprobaciones que en la confrontación con Alemania.

  • ¿Qué era la 'Guerra de la Sed' y cómo afectó a Francia durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial?

    -La 'Guerra de la Sed' fue la política de las autoridades francesas de no anunciar el inicio de las hostilidades, y en su lugar, mover a los soldados a la frontera con Alemania para esperar una acción enemiga. Esto retraso la movilización en el país y afectó negativamente a la preparación para la guerra.

  • ¿Qué fortificaciones defensivas se construyeron para proteger a Francia durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial?

    -Se construyó la Línea Maginot, una red de fortificaciones defensivas que incluía fuertes, bunkers y túneles subterráneos, que cubría la totalidad de la frontera franco-alemana al sur. También existía una red más débil de fortificaciones defensivas contra Italia al norte de la línea.

  • ¿Por qué la Francia de la época consideró que tenía más tanques que Alemania y aún así no aprovechó esta ventaja numérica?

    -A pesar de tener más tanques en total, la nueva equipación estaba dispersa entre las divisiones de infantería en pequeños números, lo que anuló su ventaja de calidad. Además, 1,500 tanques franceses eran tanques ligeros de la Primera Guerra Mundial, lo que redujo su efectividad.

  • ¿Cómo describirían ustedes la condición de la aviación francesa en 1939?

    -La aviación francesa estaba en mal estado, con muchos aviones obsoletos y pilotos mal entrenados. Los generales franceses le asignaron un papel secundario, considerándola ineficaz.

  • ¿Qué fue el Plan Fallo y cómo se relaciona con el Plan Manstein?

    -El Plan Fallo era el plan inicial de ataque alemán a Francia, que implicaba capturar rápidamente los países de Benelux y luego lanzar un amplio ataque sobre Francia. Sin embargo, después de que el Plan Fallo cayera en manos de los franceses, los generales alemanes tuvieron que utilizar el Plan Manstein, que consistía en atraer a los franceses a Bélgica y luego realizar un ataque de tanques a través de las Ardenas para romper las defensas y avanzar en profundidad en el territorio francés.

  • ¿Qué sucedió en la Batalla de Sedan y por qué fue significativa?

    -En la Batalla de Sedan, el primer ejército de pánzer de Alemania derrotó a la 9ª Ejército Francesa, compuesta en gran parte por reclutas recién movilizados. Esto dejó una brecha significativa en la defensa de Francia, permitiendo a las fuerzas alemanas avanzar hacia el Canal de la Mancha y rodear a las fuerzas aliadas en Bélgica.

  • ¿Por qué Hitler detuvo temporalmente el avance de las tropas alemanas en la Batalla de Dunkerque?

    -La razón exacta por la cual Hitler detuvo el avance no está clara; algunas teorías sugieren que los alemanes querían proteger sus flancos, mientras que otras especulan que Hitler quería negociar con los británicos o que las tropas estaban exhaustas y necesitaban descansar. También se cree que el comandante de la Luftwaffe, Hermann Göring, pidió a Hitler que dejara que la Fuerza Aérea alemana destruyera a las fuerzas aliadas en Dunkerque.

  • ¿Cuál fue el resultado de la Operación Dynamo y cuántos soldados fueron evacuados de Dunkerque?

    -La Operación Dynamo logró evacuar aproximadamente 340,000 soldados de Dunkerque, la mayoría de ellos británicos, pero también algunos franceses y belgas. Sin embargo, 40,000 soldados franceses fueron capturados por las fuerzas alemanas y se abandonaron 2500 cañones, 990,000 vehículos y 70,000 toneladas de municiones.

  • ¿Qué sucedió después de que Italia declarara la guerra a Francia en 1940?

    -Después de que Italia declarara la guerra a Francia, los italianos intentaron avanzar en el sur de Francia, pero fueron detenidos por seis divisiones alpinas francesas que aprovecharon las defensas en el terreno montañoso para contener a las fuerzas enemigas más poderosas y numerosas.

  • ¿Qué consecuencias tuvo la rendición de Francia en 1940 y cómo se dividió el país bajo el control alemán y la ocupación?

    -Después de la rendición de Francia, Alemania tomó control de las regiones ricas en recursos del norte y el noroeste, mientras que el sur del país fue ocupado por soldados alemanes y gobernado por el gobierno de Vichy, un régimen de colaboración con los nazis que tomó su nombre de la capital de este territorio, Vichy. Italia también se aprovechó de la situación para anexar algunas partes de Francia.

Outlines

00:00

🏰 La Declaración de Guerra y la Inmovilidad Francesa

En 1939, tras el ataque de Alemania a Polonia, Francia e Inglaterra declararon la guerra a Alemania, pero Francia no reaccionó de inmediato, lo que afectó críticamente al país durante toda la guerra. La situación en Francia era incierto, con una economía aún afectada por una crisis económica prolongada, desempleo y bajos salarios. Los campesinos franceses sufrieron más por la crisis, y el cambio constante de gobierno y reformas contradictorias empeoraron la economía del estado. La confrontación entre la extrema derecha y la extrema izquierda, así como el apoyo a Hitler por parte de nacionalistas franceses, llevó a los políticos franceses a preocuparse más por sus aprobaciones que por enfrentar a Alemania. Esto causó una demora en la movilización del país, y se adoptó una política conocida como 'Guerra de la Silla', donde el ejército francés, liderado por generales de la Primera Guerra Mundial y con una dotación de blindaje obsoleta, se preparaba para una defensa pasiva detrás de la Línea Maginot.

05:00

🛡 La Estrategia de Defensa y el Plan Manstein

El plan de ataque alemán, conocido como Plan Gelb, fue comparado con el Schlieffen Plan del Imperio Alemán, que había perdido la Primera Guerra Mundial. Sin embargo, tras el descubrimiento del Plan Gelb por Francia tras un incidente con un avión militar en Malinas, Bélgica, los alemanes tuvieron que adoptar el Plan Manstein. Este plan consistía en atraer a las fuerzas francesas a Bélgica y luego realizar un ataque de tanques a través de las Ardenas para penetrar en el flanco y lanzar una ofensiva en profundidad en el territorio francés. A pesar de la resistencia inicial, Francia logró reunir más de 2 millones de soldados, junto con 200,000 soldados británicos, y contaba con el mando de las fuerzas belgas y neerlandesas. No obstante, la falta de un plan común de acción y la desconfianza entre los generales aliados dejó a las fuerzas aliadas en una posición vulnerable.

10:01

🗺️ La Ofensiva Alemana y la Batalla de las Ardenas

El 10 de mayo de 1940, Alemania comenzó su ofensiva con bombardeos aéreos en los países de Benelux y la caída de paracaidistas en su retaguardia para sabotear y atacar a las fuerzas enemigas desde atrás. A pesar de algunos fracasos, los paracaidistas alemanes lograron romper las defensas belgas en Eben Emael y la ciudad de Rotterdam fue destruida por los bombardeos. La ocupación de más de la mitad de Holanda y el capitulación del ejército neerlandés siguieron. Mientras tanto, el Grupo de Ejércitos A, bajo el mando del General Gerd von Rundstedt, se movilizó a través de las Ardenas, alcanzando el límite franco-belga y creando una brecha significativa en la defensa francesa, lo que llevó a una retirada precipitada de las fuerzas aliadas hacia el mar y el asedio en Dúnquerque.

15:01

🏳️ La Capitulación de Francia y el Desarrollo del Gobierno de Vichy

Tras la retirada de las fuerzas aliadas y la ocupación de Sedona, las fuerzas alemanas avanzaron hacia el Canal de la Mancha, creando una amenaza de encirculación detrás de las fuerzas aliadas en Bélgica. La retirada de las fuerzas franco-británicas a Dúnquerque y la posterior evacuación, conocida como la Operación Dynamo, permitió salvar a 340,000 soldados, aunque con la pérdida de gran parte de su equipo. La ocupación de Francia por parte de Alemania y la creación de un gobierno de colaboración en Vichy, con Philippe Pétain como líder, marcó el final de la resistencia francesa y el inicio de un periodo de ocupación y división política en Francia. Italia, aprovechando la situación, declaró la guerra a Francia, aunque solo logró una ocupación limitada debido a la resistencia de las divisiones alpinas francesas. Finalmente, el 22 de junio de 1940, Francia aceptó la rendición incondicional ante Alemania, lo que marcó el fin de la guerra para Francia en 1940.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Polonia

Polonia es el país que fue invadido por Alemania en 1939, lo que desencadenó la declaración de guerra por parte de Francia y Reino Unido, siendo un punto de partida crucial para el inicio del conflicto narrado en el video.

💡Declaración de guerra

La declaración de guerra es la formalización de un conflicto armado entre naciones. En el contexto del video, Francia y Reino Unido declararon la guerra a Alemania tras el ataque a Polonia, aunque la reacción inmediata de Francia fue reacia, lo que impactó su estrategia durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

💡Crisis económica

La crisis económica se refiere a una recesión generalizada y prolongada. En Francia, esta situación afectó negativamente a la economía del país, con altos niveles de desempleo y salarios bajos, lo que contribuyó a la debilidad del país ante el conflicto bélico.

💡Majino Line

La línea Majino, también conocida como la línea Maginot, fue una serie de fortificaciones defensivas construidas por Francia para proteger su frontera con Alemania. El video menciona que esta línea fue pensada para contener a las fuerzas alemanas, como sucedió en la Primera Guerra Mundial.

💡Avanzamiento alemán

El avance alemán se refiere a la ofensiva militar iniciada por Alemania en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El video describe cómo este avance tomó por sorpresa a las fuerzas aliadas y resultó en una serie de victorias rápidas para Alemania.

💡Dunkerque

Dunkerque es un puerto francés donde tuvo lugar una operación de evacuación histórica en 1940. El video narra cómo, tras ser rodeados por las fuerzas alemanas, los soldados británicos y franceses fueron evacuados, salvando a un gran número de vidas pero perdiendo un considerable número de suministros.

💡General Maurice Gamelin

Maurice Gamelin fue el comandante en jefe del ejército francés al inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El video menciona su renuncia tras la derrota en Bélgica y su relevo por Maxime Weygand, lo que refleja el caos y la incertidumbre en la alta dirección militar francesa.

💡Plan Manstein

El plan Manstein fue una estrategia militar alemana que propició un ataque sorpresa a través de las Ardenas, lo que resultó en una maniobra que rodeó y eventualmente destruyó a las fuerzas aliadas. El video destaca cómo este plan fue fundamental en el éxito del avance alemán.

💡Rexiste

El término 'rexista' se refiere a los seguidores del movimiento político y social Rexist en Bélgica, que colaboraron con los nazis durante la ocupación. El video menciona cómo este tipo de colaboracionismo también se dio en Francia, con el surgimiento del régimen de Vichy.

💡Régimen de Vichy

El régimen de Vichy fue el gobierno de Francia durante la ocupación nazi, con Philippe Pétain como líder. El video describe cómo este régimen fue visto como traidor por parte de aquellos que apoyaban la Francia libre liderada por Charles de Gaulle.

💡Charles de Gaulle

Charles de Gaulle fue un líder francés que se opuso al régimen de Vichy y lideró la resistencia y el exilio francés durante la ocupación. El video hace referencia a su papel como símbolo de la resistencia y la esperanza para una Francia libre.

Highlights

Germany's attack on Poland in 1939 prompted France and Britain to declare war, yet France's delayed reaction had a significant impact on the war.

France's state economy was still recovering from a prolonged economic crisis, with high unemployment and low wages.

French peasants were particularly affected by the crisis due to the inability to export goods internationally.

Political instability and contradictory reforms in France worsened the state's economy.

Communist calls for rebellion were considered a greater threat than the German invasion by French authorities.

Nationalist support for Hitler and the desire for a similar ruler in France gained popularity among the French people.

French politicians were more concerned with their ratings than confronting Germany, leading to delayed mobilization.

The French army, led by World War I generals, relied on outdated tactics and the Maginot Line for defense.

France had more tanks than Germany, but their distribution among infantry negated their quality advantage.

Aviation was underutilized and French pilots were poorly trained, with many obsolete aircraft.

The Saar Offensive by France was limited in scope and ended with a retreat after the Soviet invasion of Poland.

Hitler initially planned an attack on France in October 1939, but was dissuaded by his generals.

The German plan 'Fall Gelb' was discovered by the Allies, leading to a change in strategy.

France assembled over 2 million troops with support from Britain and other Allied forces.

The German invasion of the Benelux countries and the use of paratroopers led to significant breakthroughs.

The Battle of Sedan resulted in a significant defeat for the French 9th Army and a gap in France's defense.

The Dunkirk evacuation saved over 340,000 soldiers, but at the cost of abandoning significant equipment.

The French defense line, known as the Weygand Line, was established in an attempt to hold the Germans.

Italy's declaration of war on France was an opportunistic move to gain territory from a weakened nation.

The French government under Pétain signed an unconditional surrender to Germany in June 1940.

The aftermath of the war saw France divided, with the Vichy regime collaborating with Germany and Free French forces opposing them.

Transcripts

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when Germany attacked Poland in 1939

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France and Britain declared war on

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Germany however France didn't react

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immediately and this had a critical

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impact on the country throughout the war

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the situation in France was uncertain

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the state economy has not yet recovered

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from the prolonged economic crisis there

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were many unemployed people in the

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country and those who had jobs received

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little pay French peasants have suffered

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most from the crisis because they have

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been prevented from exporting their

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goods to International markets the

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constant changes of government in France

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and the contradictory half-baked reforms

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only made the state's economy worse the

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confrontation between the far right and

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the far left continued communist calls

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for rebellion led the French authorities

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to consider the Reds more threatening

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than the German invasion at the same

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time French nationalists supported

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Hitler's actions and insisted that

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France needed a similar ruler both ideas

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gained popular it among the French

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people all of this has led French

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politicians to worry more about their

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ratings than about confronting Germany

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mobilization in the country was delayed

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despite the fact that war was declared

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on Germany no one wanted to announce the

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beginning of hostilities moreover they

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did not want to announce the invasion of

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Germany either instead the French

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soldiers were moved to the border with

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Germany where they were to await enemy

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action such policy of the French

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authorities was called bony War the

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French army was led by generals who had

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made their careers in the first world

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war and relied on the experience of the

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time the majino line was created to

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defend France this was a network of

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defensive fortifications in the form of

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forts and bunkers often connected by

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underground tunnels as well as dozens of

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dugouts and pill boxes it was 400 km

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long and 20 km deep covering the entire

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Franco German border south of it was

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situated a weaker network of 600 km of

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defensive fortifications directed

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against Italy Germany's Ally to the

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north of the line a Belgian defensive

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chain began which was also much weaker

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than the majino line the French military

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leadership believed that the German Army

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would be stuck in attacks on the majino

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line as it was in World War I on the

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Western Front however they did not plan

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to invade Germany by themselves fearing

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that the French army might also be stuck

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on German defenses therefore France was

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not preparing its troops for the

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offensive France had more tanks overall

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than Germany and the B1 and somoa S35

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models were better than the German ones

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however their new equipment was

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scattered among the infantry divisions

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in small numbers negating their

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advantage in quality in addition 1,500

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French tanks were World War I light

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tanks although technically there were

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more tanks in France in reality the

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numerical Advantage was of no use

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Aviation was an even worse condition

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because the French generals assigned it

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a secondary role considered ineffective

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many French aircraft were Obsolete and

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French Pilots poorly trained in

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September 1939 France decided to help

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Poland and pull back part of the German

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forces by launching the SAR offensive

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however instead of the planned half

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million soldiers less than a 100,000

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Advanced while the rest of the French

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soldiers were in reserve with Little

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Resistance the French soldiers reached

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the zig freed line which they dared not

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attack and after news of the Soviet

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invasion of Poland they retreated to the

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majino line so the French leadership

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once again convinced itself that it was

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impossible to attack Germany soon the

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main force of the German Army moved to

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the border with France and the French

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finally abandoned hopes for a Victorious

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offensive instead they decided to wait

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for the Germans to advance in the hope

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of stopping them again as had happened

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in World War I Hitler planned to launch

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an offensive against France in October

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1939 however the German Army leadership

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began to dissuade him believing that the

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German soldiers should rest after the

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war with Poland rebuild their ammunition

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and expand their army some German

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generals generally believed that

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attacking France was dangerous they

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thought that the German Army just as it

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had been in World War I would be stuck

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in one position not a mile ahead General

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volter Fon braic even plotted against

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Hitler to arrest him if he ordered an

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attack on France however he soon changed

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his position due to unknown

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circumstances and a coup in Germany

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never took place for the attack on

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France a plan Gelb was produced

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according to it the German troops were

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to quickly capture the countries of

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Benelux and from there launch a wide

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offensive on France in a short time they

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had to reach the river Z and continued

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to advance to the Inland of France when

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General Eric Fon manin saw the plan he

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called it the new schle plan comparing

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it to the German Empire's military plan

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for which it Lost World War I then he

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produced his own plan for war with

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France the idea was to draw the French

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into Belgium and then make a tank attack

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through the Arden to break through the

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defenses enter the rear and thus launch

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an offensive deep into French territory

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however monin plan was rejected winter

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that year was The

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cruestv frosts Waiting every day for the

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Germans to attack in contrast the German

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Army wintered in the barracks as Hitler

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didn't decide to launch an attack on 10

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January 1940 a German military aircraft

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landed in mechlin Belgium on board was

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Major helmet reinberger with the Gelb

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plan documents it is not known whether

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this was due to weather conditions or

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whether the pilot was mistakenly flown

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into Belgium or whether he was brought

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by the Allies however the Gelb plan fell

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to the French and the German generals

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had to use manchin's plan which from

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that moment became the new plan of

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attack on on France in March losing

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support from his party prime minister

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Edward deader resigned Paul Rino who

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succeeded delier undertook economic

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reforms and postponed the war believing

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that France would not fight without the

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help of its allies during the Spring

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France was able to muster more than 2

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million troops another 200,000 soldiers

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arrived from Britain and by the end of

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the war the number of English soldiers

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in France had doubled French and British

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Allied Forces deployed along the Franco

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Belgian Border in addition 600,000

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soldiers of the Belgian Army and 400,000

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soldiers of the Dutch Army were under

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French command led by General Maurice

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gelan in total there were just over 3

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million soldiers in 135 divisions

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Germany assembled 2,800,000 troops

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against them in 137 divisions divided

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into three Army groups the Army Group C

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was to occupy the French troops on the

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the majino line with minor battles the

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Army Group B was to attack the

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Netherlands and Belgium the Army group a

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was to make a breakthrough in the Arden

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and enter the rear of the Allied Forces

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the main Force for the Breakthrough was

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General aval Fon K's first Panzer Army

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which consisted of five tank divisions

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half of the tank divisions of the entire

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German Army of the time the Allied

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Forces had no common plan of action

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France hoped that Belgium and the

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Netherlands would delay the German army

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while the French prepared for war and

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that Britain would send

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reinforcements Belgium and the

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Netherlands for their part did not plan

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to defend themselves for long relying on

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the rapid assistance of the French army

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Britain hoped to wage war with little

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blood limiting itself to one

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expeditionary Force which had sent to

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France in general there was no single

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Command Center and the Allied generals

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did not trust each other on 10 May 1940

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German aircraft began bombardment of the

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Ben luux countries at the same time the

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paratroopers of the seventh fleager

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division were dropped in the rear of

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these country's armies They carried out

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sabotage seized important transport hubs

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and attacked enemy troops from the rear

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thanks to the paratroopers the Germans

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were able to break through the Belgian

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defenses at Ean Mel this was a failure

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for the Belgian Army and it began to

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retreat Westward the 5day bombing of

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roddam destroyed the entire city Hitler

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threatened to bombard other cities in

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the Netherlands the German Army was able

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to occupy more than half of the country

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at the time and its paratroopers in the

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rear tried to capture a number of cities

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although this did not have much success

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to save the population from bombardment

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on 14 May the Dutch Army capitulated the

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British and French trying to balance the

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situation began to move most of their

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troops to Belgium there they hoped to

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detain the Germans on 12th May however

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Army group a under the command of

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General gar Fon runet began to move

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through the Arden and reached the Franco

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Belgian border the strike was directed

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to the positions of the weakest French

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9th Army led by General Andre corop

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whose seven of the nine divisions were

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formed from newly mobilized recruits and

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were intended to guard the rear the

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French 9th Army could not resist the

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first German Panzer Army their one-day

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bout was called the Battle of sidon and

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ended with the French fleeing the

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battlefield as a result there was a

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significant Gap in the defense of France

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on 13 May the Germans occupied sedon

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from where they moved West to the

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English Channel directly behind the

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Allied Forces in Belgium the Allied Army

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aware of the Peril of the encirclement

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began to retreat to the Sea the French

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army tried to cut off the German troops

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which were entering the rear from the

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flanks however this offensive was poorly

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prepared and the approach of the German

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reserves finally Haled Ed it and allowed

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the Germans to advance further west on

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20 May the Franco British Army in

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Belgium was cut off from the rest of

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France the Belgian Army supported by

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some French forces resisted until 28 May

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but because of the loss of most of his

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country king Leopold III of Belgium

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decided to surrender Franco British

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forces at dunker were largely saved from

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a final defeat because Hitler halted the

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offensive on 23 May the reason is is not

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yet known according to one version the

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Germans fear to strike on their flanks

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and therefore turn back some troops on

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the other hand Hitler hoped to negotiate

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with the British there is a theory that

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the German troops were exhausted during

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the offensive and were not ready to

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fight for dunker it is also known that

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German Luft vafa Commander Hermon guring

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asked Hitler to leave it to the German

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air force to destroy the Allied Forces

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at dunker he wanted his share of the

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glory in the war against France

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historians still have no single

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explanation for Hitler's decision as

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early as 20 May the British began to

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prepare for an evacuation when more than

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900 ships both military and civilian

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began transporting British and French

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soldiers to Britain from the sky they

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were covered by more than 400 aircraft

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which were holding back the German

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bombers in total 340,000 soldiers had

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been saved at the end of the evacuation

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on 4 June half of of them were British a

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third French and the rest were the

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belgians not all were saved 40,000

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French soldiers were captured by the

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Germans 2500 guns nearly 990,000

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vehicles and 70,000 tons of ammunition

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were abandoned in dunker the defeat in

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Belgium was a real disaster for the

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French troops half of the army was

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defeated the combat capable divisions

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were lost in battle the day before the

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commander of the French army General

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Maurice Gamlin resigned General Maxim

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wand who had replaced him had little to

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do about the situation he decided to

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accumulate troops in the hope of keeping

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the Germans at the Frontiers he had

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inherited from his predecessor this

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created a defensive line along the

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rivers s and a which went down in

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history as the wayand line on 5 June the

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Germans began to implement a new plan of

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attack deep into France which was called

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rot the French tried to Res assist

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winning many minor battles but the

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Germans now had a considerable numerical

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Advantage the return of 100,000 French

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soldiers from Britain without a British

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expeditionary Force could not remedy

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this situation on 7 June Army group a

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broke through the a river front and

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headed to the Franco Swiss border thus

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they entered the rear of the French

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troops standing at the majino line on

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the other hand the Germans came to the

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Eastern flank of Paris meanwhile Army

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Group B had crossed the S and forced the

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French to retreat to the sen River where

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they began to build a new line of

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defense on 10 June Italy declared war on

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France in the hope of snatching more

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land from the country that was losing

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rapidly the Italian Advance was halted

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by six French Alpine divisions taking

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advantage of the defenses in the

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mountainous terrain they restrained the

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more powerful and numerous enemy forces

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the Italians were unable to capture

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French territory except for several

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mountain passes and the town of Monon at

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the same time the Germans approached

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Paris French authorities evacuated to

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Bordeaux after 4 days of battle for the

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city the French army left the capital on

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15 June Army Group C attempted to storm

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the majino line but failed French

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soldiers those surrounded were prepared

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to fight and had enough supplies to hold

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the Germans back for the same purpose

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another line of defense was established

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south of the lir river French

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politicians however had a very different

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opinion Philip pan was elected prime

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minister on 16 June he promised to

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negotiate with Hitler and did indeed

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begin the week-long negotiations Hitler

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insisted on the unconditional surrender

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of France and pan agreed to it on 22

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June 1940 in the forest of compen where

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Germany had once surrendered pan signed

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the act of surrender of France Hitler

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insisted that this should be done in the

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same car of Marshall fos where in 1918

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the Germans signed a truce and ended the

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first world war with their defeat for

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France the war of 1940 was a disaster

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Germany took ales line Province rich and

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resources the Nord padal region has

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moved to the puppet Reich commissariat

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of Belgium and northern France France

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another 2/3 of the state was occupied by

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German soldiers over the next 4 years

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the remaining lands were ruled by the

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puppet government of pan which made

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vichi its capital hence the name of the

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government of collaborators came the

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vishi regime even Italy after the

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surrender of France took part of its

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lands the French people were divided

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into those who supported the pro-german

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government of p and those who supported

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the free France of charl De gal from

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London it took a long time and an even

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greater effort for the supporters of a

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free France to celebrate their Victory

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and for the vichi government led by

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Philip pan to be sentenced to death for

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crimes against the

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state

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