Struktur Atom (7) | Cara Membuat Konfigurasi Elektron Ion Dengan Sangat Mudah | Kimia Kelas 10

Summary

In this educational video, the presenter explains how to determine the electron configurations of ions. Starting with the basics of ions—atoms with either positive or negative charges—the video demonstrates the process for various examples. It covers how to write electron configurations for ions like O²⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺, and an unknown ion X²⁺. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding electron gain or loss during ion formation and provides step-by-step guidance, using atomic numbers and charge to calculate and interpret electron configurations, making it an excellent resource for students learning chemistry.

Takeaways

• 😀 Ion is an atom that carries a charge, either positive (cation) or negative (anion).
• 😀 Cations are formed when atoms lose electrons, resulting in fewer electrons than protons.
• 😀 Anions are formed when atoms gain electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons.
• 😀 To determine the electron configuration of an ion, first write the configuration of the neutral atom.
• 😀 Adjust the electron configuration by adding or removing electrons based on the ion's charge.
• 😀 For a positively charged ion (cation), remove electrons from the outermost shell first.
• 😀 For a negatively charged ion (anion), add electrons to the outermost shell first.
• 😀 The example of the oxygen ion (O²⁻) shows how it gains two electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
• 😀 For the calcium ion (Ca²⁺), two electrons are removed from the outermost shell to form the ion.
• 😀 When determining electron configurations for transition metals like iron (Fe³⁺), electrons are typically lost from the outermost s and d orbitals.
• 😀 The video demonstrates how to calculate the atomic number from the mass number and neutron count, as shown with ion X²⁺, where atomic number is derived as 21.

Q & A

What is an ion?

An ion is an atom that carries an electrical charge, which can be either positive or negative. A positive ion is called a cation, and a negative ion is called an anion.

How is a cation formed?

A cation is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in a positive charge due to the excess of protons over electrons.

What is the process to determine the electron configuration of an ion?

To determine the electron configuration of an ion, first determine the electron configuration of the neutral atom, and then adjust it by adding or removing electrons based on the ion's charge.

What happens when an oxygen atom becomes an O2- ion?

When an oxygen atom becomes an O2- ion, it gains two electrons, bringing its total number of electrons to 10, with its electron configuration changing from 2p4 to 2p6.

How do you determine the electron configuration of a Ca2+ ion?

To find the electron configuration of a Ca2+ ion, start with the neutral calcium atom, which has 20 electrons (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2). Since the Ca2+ ion loses two electrons, the resulting configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6.

What electron configuration corresponds to a Mg2+ ion?

The electron configuration for a Mg2+ ion is the same as that of neon (1s2 2s2 2p6), as magnesium loses two electrons from its outermost shell (4s2).

Why does the electron configuration of an Fe3+ ion have unpaired electrons?

In the case of an Fe3+ ion, after losing three electrons from its neutral configuration (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6), the remaining electrons are distributed into the 3d orbitals. According to Hund's rule, the remaining five electrons will occupy separate orbitals, resulting in unpaired electrons.

How do you find the electron configuration of an ion when the atomic number is not provided directly?

To find the electron configuration of an ion when the atomic number is not directly given, subtract the number of neutrons from the mass number. Once the atomic number is known, the electron configuration can be determined as usual.

What is the electron configuration for an ion with a mass number of 45 and 24 neutrons?

First, subtract the number of neutrons (24) from the mass number (45) to find the atomic number: 45 - 24 = 21. The electron configuration for an ion with atomic number 21 (Scandium) and a 2+ charge is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1.

Why is it important to understand electron configurations in chemistry?

Understanding electron configurations is essential because it helps explain the chemical behavior of elements, including how they bond with other atoms, their reactivity, and their stability in different ionic forms.