Penginderaan Jauh (Part-1)

Rodhia Izzati

2 Sept 202010:04

Summary

TLDRThis lesson covers the concept of remote sensing in geography. It explains remote sensing as the technique of gathering information about Earth's surface without direct contact, using sensors to analyze data. The lesson details key components such as energy, atmosphere, objects, sensors, and platforms like satellites and drones. It also distinguishes between different types of images: photo and non-photo, and their various applications, including infrared, radar, and thermal imagery, used for detecting environmental changes, land analysis, and more. The video emphasizes the significance of remote sensing in environmental studies.

Takeaways

🌏 **Remote Sensing Definition**: Remote sensing is a technique to gather information about Earth's surface without direct contact with the subject.
🔍 **Components of Remote Sensing**: It involves energy, sensors, platforms (like satellites or drones), data acquisition, and data utilization.
🌞 **Energy Types**: Remote sensing uses natural sunlight or artificial electromagnetic waves emitted by systems like radar.
🛰️ **Platforms**: Sensors can be placed on various platforms such as aircraft, satellites, or even balloons.
📸 **Image Types**: Remote sensing images are categorized into photographic (like visible light photos) and non-photographic (like radar images).
🖼️ **Photographic Images**: These include color, black and white, aerial, and satellite images, and are based on the electromagnetic spectrum.
🌡️ **Thermal Images**: Infrared images are useful for detecting heat differences, like in agricultural areas or geothermal studies.
🌉 **Urban Applications**: Remote sensing is particularly useful for urban areas, helping in detecting oil spills in the ocean or identifying coastal areas.
🌿 **Agricultural Uses**: It can detect pests or diseases in crops by sensing the internal parts of leaves through infrared photography.
🌌 **Nighttime Capabilities**: Radar and microwave images can be used both during the day and at night due to their active sensing systems.
📈 **Data Analysis**: The data collected is used for various applications, including environmental monitoring and resource management.

Q & A

What is the definition of remote sensing?
-Remote sensing is a technique that involves the acquisition of information about an area or phenomenon on the Earth's surface without physical contact with the objects under study. It involves the analysis of data collected by sensors that detect and record reflected or emitted radiation from the Earth's surface.
What are the main components involved in remote sensing?
-The main components involved in remote sensing are energy, sensors, platforms (such as aircraft, drones, satellites, or balloons), and the data obtained and its usage.
What are the two types of energy commonly used in remote sensing?
-The two types of energy used in remote sensing are solar radiation, which is a natural source of electromagnetic waves, and artificial radiation emitted by systems like radar, which is an active system.
How does the atmosphere affect the electromagnetic waves used in remote sensing?
-The atmosphere can scatter and absorb electromagnetic waves, especially ozone layers and other particles in the air. However, certain parts of the electromagnetic spectrum can penetrate the atmosphere and reach the Earth's surface.
What are the different types of objects that can be the target of remote sensing?
-Objects that can be the target of remote sensing include the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
What is the difference between photo images and non-photo images in remote sensing?
-Photo images are produced by camera sensors and are similar to what the human eye sees, while non-photo images are produced by sensors other than cameras and are based on scanning or other detection methods.
What are the various types of photo images based on the electromagnetic spectrum?
-Types of photo images based on the electromagnetic spectrum include panchromatic (black and white), color infrared, true color, false color, and multispectral images.
How are photo images categorized based on color?
-Photo images can be categorized into true color images, which display colors as seen by the human eye, and false color images, where colors have been altered to highlight specific features.
What are the different camera orientations used in photo images?
-Photo images can be taken with cameras that are vertical (nadir), oblique, or highly oblique, depending on the angle at which the image is captured.
What are the platforms used for capturing photo images?
-Photo images can be captured from various platforms such as aerial photography using aircraft, or satellite photography using satellites.
What are the two main types of non-photo images based on the electromagnetic spectrum?
-The two main types of non-photo images are thermal infrared images, which are based on temperature differences, and radar or microwave images, which use active systems to emit and receive signals.
What are the advantages of radar or microwave images in remote sensing?
-Radar and microwave images have the advantage of being able to penetrate clouds and darkness, making them useful for day and night observations.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 Introduction to Remote Sensing

This paragraph introduces the concept of remote sensing in the context of geography. It explains that remote sensing is a technique used to gather information about the Earth's surface without direct contact with the objects being studied. The paragraph outlines the components involved in remote sensing, which include atmospheric energy, sensors, platforms (like satellites and aircraft), and the utilization of data. It also differentiates between active and passive remote sensing systems, with active systems using man-made electromagnetic waves and passive systems relying on natural sunlight. The importance of understanding how different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum interact with the atmosphere is highlighted, as certain wavelengths can penetrate through to the Earth's surface.

05:04

📸 Types of Remote Sensing Images

The second paragraph delves into the different types of images produced by remote sensing, distinguishing between photo images (captured by cameras) and non-photo images (captured by non-camera sensors). It explains the differences in sensors, recording processes, and the electromagnetic spectrum used for each type. Photo images are further categorized based on the spectrum they capture, such as ultraviolet, which is useful for detecting oil spills, and infrared, which is adept at penetrating leaves to detect pests or diseases in crops. The paragraph also covers color variations in photo images, including true color and false color, as well as the orientation of the camera in relation to the subject. Non-photo images are discussed in terms of the spectrum they use, such as thermal infrared and radar imagery, which are beneficial for their ability to function in both day and night conditions. The paragraph concludes by mentioning the platforms from which these images can be captured, such as aerial and satellite platforms.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Remote Sensing

Remote sensing refers to the science, technology, and art of obtaining information about objects or areas from a distance, typically through the use of satellites or aircraft. In the video, it is described as the process of gathering data about the Earth's surface without direct contact, utilizing sensors that detect electromagnetic waves. The teacher provides examples like the use of satellite imagery to observe geographical phenomena.

💡Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are a form of energy that travels through space. They are crucial to remote sensing as they are used to capture images and data about the Earth's surface. The video discusses both natural electromagnetic waves (from the sun) and artificial ones (like radar systems) used in remote sensing. Different types of electromagnetic waves allow for different forms of imaging, such as visible light and infrared.

💡Sensor

A sensor in the context of remote sensing is a device that detects and records information about the Earth's surface by capturing electromagnetic waves. The video explains how sensors are placed on various platforms like satellites, drones, or planes to collect data. These sensors can be passive, relying on sunlight, or active, emitting their own signals like radar.

💡Platform

Platforms in remote sensing refer to the devices or vehicles that carry sensors, such as satellites, drones, aircraft, or even balloons in the early days of remote sensing. The video mentions that platforms allow sensors to observe large areas of the Earth, from varying altitudes, depending on the specific mission or data needed.

💡Image

In remote sensing, an image (referred to as 'citra' in the script) is the representation of the Earth's surface captured by sensors. Images can be categorized into two types: photo images (captured by cameras) and non-photo images (captured by other scanning devices). The video emphasizes that these images are crucial for interpreting and analyzing surface data.

💡Passive System

A passive system in remote sensing uses natural energy, usually sunlight, to capture images of the Earth's surface. The video mentions that a passive system relies on solar energy to reflect off objects, which is then recorded by sensors. An example provided is capturing visible light to produce images similar to what the human eye would see.

💡Active System

An active system in remote sensing emits its own energy, typically in the form of radar waves, to capture data. The video explains that this method is used in radar imaging, where the system sends out waves that bounce off objects and return to the sensor. This allows imaging in conditions where natural light is unavailable, such as at night or in cloudy conditions.

💡Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum refers to the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation. Different parts of the spectrum are used for different types of remote sensing. The video explains how various parts of the spectrum, from visible light to infrared and microwaves, are used to gather different types of data. For example, infrared imagery is useful for detecting vegetation health.

💡Aerial Photography

Aerial photography involves capturing images of the Earth's surface from an aircraft or drone using a camera. The video categorizes these images as part of 'photo images,' explaining how they are often used for detailed studies of specific areas, such as urban planning or agricultural monitoring.

💡Interpretation

Interpretation in remote sensing involves analyzing the data collected by sensors to derive meaningful information about the Earth's surface. In the video, the teacher mentions that understanding how to interpret the images is essential for gaining insights into various geographical features, such as identifying vegetation health, land use patterns, or geological formations.

Highlights

Introduction to remote sensing and its importance in geography.

Definition of remote sensing as a technique to gather information about Earth's surface without direct contact.

Components of remote sensing include energy, atmosphere, objects, sensors, platforms, data acquisition, and utilization.

Energy used in remote sensing comes from natural sources like sunlight or artificial sources like radar.

The atmosphere's role in remote sensing, including the scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves.

Objects in remote sensing can be the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, or lithosphere.

Sensors are devices used to detect and record objects by capturing reflected electromagnetic waves.

Platforms for sensors can be aircraft, drones, satellites, or even balloons.

Data recorded by sensors is used by humans on Earth for various applications.

Remote sensing produces images known as 'citra' in the context of the lesson.

Difference between 'citra' in remote sensing and common images captured by cameras or sensors.

Classification of 'citra' into photo and non-photo images.

Photo images are produced by camera sensors, while non-photo images are produced by non-camera sensors.

Types of photo images based on the electromagnetic spectrum, including ultraviolet, orthochromatic, panchromatic, and infrared.

Photo images can be color original, pseudo-color, based on the camera axis, or based on the platform used.

Non-photo images are based on the electromagnetic spectrum and include thermal infrared and radar images.

Thermal infrared images are suitable for identifying geothermal areas based on temperature differences.

Radar and microwave images have the advantage of being usable day and night due to their active system.

Non-photo images can be single-channel or multispectral, depending on the sensor used.

Platforms for non-photo images include aerial and satellite imagery.