konsep Ushul fikih. kelas XII MAN 2 Bojonegoro

Summary

This lesson introduces students to Fiqh in their 12th-grade curriculum, focusing on the relationship between Fiqh and Usul Fiqh. Fiqh, which is divided into Fiqh Ibadah (worship) and Fiqh Muamalah (interactions with others), teaches how to maintain good relationships with Allah and fellow humans. Usul Fiqh, on the other hand, deals with the principles and reasoning behind Islamic laws, such as the different rulings for prayers, fasting, and contemporary issues not directly mentioned in the Qur'an or Hadith. The session explains these concepts and their philosophical foundations.

Takeaways

• 📘 Fiqh is a subject that teaches how to maintain good relationships with Allah and with fellow humans.
• 📖 Fiqh consists of two main parts: Fiqh Ibadah (related to worship) and Fiqh Muamalah (related to human interactions).
• ⚖️ Fiqh Ibadah focuses on how to communicate with Allah through actions like prayer, fasting, zakat, and Hajj.
• 🤝 Fiqh Muamalah teaches how to interact with other people, including topics like loans, marriage, trade, and inheritance.
• 📚 Usul Fiqh (principles of jurisprudence) is a deeper concept that deals with the philosophy and reasoning behind Fiqh rulings.
• 💡 Usul Fiqh helps in understanding how laws are derived, especially in cases where there is no direct mention in the Quran or Hadith.
• 🛠️ Usul Fiqh explains how rulings such as the obligatory nature of prayers or fasting can change under certain conditions.
• 🕋 Fiqh Ibadah connects believers to Allah through acts like prayer and fasting, which are forms of Hablum Minallah (relationship with Allah).
• 👥 Fiqh Muamalah covers relationships between people, referred to as Hablum Minannas (relationship with humans).
• 🔍 Contemporary issues that are not found in the Quran or Hadith can be resolved through the application of Usul Fiqh.

Q & A

What is the focus of the 12th-grade Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) class in semester 5?

The focus is primarily on 'usul fiqh,' which is the methodology of Islamic jurisprudence. While it includes regular fiqh topics, the first chapter concentrates on the concepts of 'usul fiqh.'

What is the difference between 'fiqh' and 'usul fiqh'?

'Fiqh' refers to the understanding of Islamic laws related to worship (fiqh ibadah) and interactions (fiqh muamalah), while 'usul fiqh' deals with the principles and philosophy behind deriving those laws.

How does fiqh categorize human relations?

Fiqh divides human relations into two categories: 'Hablum minallah' (relationship with God) which covers worship, and 'Hablum minannas' (relationship with humans) which involves social interactions.

What are the main topics covered in 'fiqh ibadah'?

'Fiqh ibadah' covers the rules and guidelines for worship, such as prayer, fasting, zakat (charity), and Hajj (pilgrimage). It includes the conditions, requirements, and actions that invalidate these acts of worship.

What does 'fiqh muamalah' teach?

'Fiqh muamalah' focuses on human-to-human interactions. It includes topics like debt, mortgages, buying and selling, marriage, and inheritance.

How are worship and social relationships integrated into fiqh?

Fiqh integrates worship ('Hablum minallah') and social interactions ('Hablum minannas') by offering guidelines on how to conduct oneself with both God and fellow humans. Fiqh ibadah governs relations with God, while fiqh muamalah governs relations with others.

What role does 'usul fiqh' play in Islamic law?

'Usul fiqh' provides the underlying philosophy and reasoning behind Islamic laws. It explains why certain acts are obligatory (like prayer or fasting) and how their rulings can change in specific contexts.

Can the ruling of an act in fiqh change? Provide an example.

Yes, the ruling can change based on the context. For example, fasting during Ramadan is obligatory for Muslims, but if someone faces certain conditions that prevent fasting, the obligation is lifted, and the ruling may change.

What are 'contemporary issues' in usul fiqh?

'Contemporary issues' refer to problems or situations that arise after the time of the Qur'an and Hadith. Since new rulings are needed for these situations, 'usul fiqh' helps derive the appropriate legal judgments.

Why don't contemporary issues have direct rulings from the Qur'an or Hadith?

Contemporary issues don't have direct rulings because they involve circumstances that emerged after the revelation of the Qur'an and the Prophet Muhammad's lifetime. 'Usul fiqh' plays a role in addressing these modern problems.

Outlines

00:00

📘 Introduction to Fiqh and Usul Fiqh for 12th Grade

In this lesson, students are introduced to the concepts of Fiqh and Usul Fiqh, which are key components of Islamic studies. While Usul Fiqh is often seen as a separate entity, it is actually a part of Fiqh. The speaker highlights the difference between Fiqh, which deals with acts of worship and human interactions, and Usul Fiqh, which focuses on the foundational principles behind legal rulings. The lesson begins with a discussion on Fiqh in general and how it is divided into Fiqh Ibadah (worship) and Fiqh Muamalah (social dealings).

05:01

📖 Understanding the Nature of Fiqh Ibadah and Fiqh Muamalah

This section explains that Fiqh teaches individuals how to interact with both Allah (Hablum minallah) and fellow humans (Hablum minannas). Fiqh Ibadah includes acts such as prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage, which connect individuals with Allah. Fiqh Muamalah, on the other hand, governs human interactions like trade, marriage, and inheritance. The speaker emphasizes that learning Fiqh equips Muslims with the knowledge to maintain proper relationships with both their Creator and other people.

📊 Deeper Insight into Usul Fiqh

Usul Fiqh delves deeper into the reasoning and philosophy behind legal rulings, such as why certain acts are obligatory. The speaker gives examples like the obligatory nature of prayer and fasting during Ramadan, explaining that these obligations may shift under certain circumstances, illustrating the flexibility of Islamic law. Usul Fiqh also plays a role in addressing contemporary issues that are not explicitly covered in the Quran or Hadith, as it provides the tools to derive rulings for new situations.

Keywords

💡Fikih

Fikih refers to Islamic jurisprudence, which is the study and interpretation of Islamic laws as derived from the Quran and Hadith. In the script, Fikih is described as a subject that teaches how to properly conduct oneself in relationships with Allah and fellow humans. For example, Fikih Ibadah deals with rituals like prayer, while Fikih Muamalah focuses on social interactions, such as marriage and business.

💡Usul Fikih

Usul Fikih is the study of the principles and methodologies used to derive Fikih rulings. While Fikih deals with specific laws, Usul Fikih focuses on the foundational concepts behind those laws. The script emphasizes that Usul Fikih is part of Fikih and helps explain why certain actions, like prayer, are obligatory or how laws can change depending on context.

💡Fikih Ibadah

Fikih Ibadah refers to the section of Islamic jurisprudence that deals with acts of worship and the relationship between individuals and Allah. Examples provided in the script include prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage (Hajj), outlining the rules, conditions, and requirements for these religious practices.

💡Fikih Muamalah

Fikih Muamalah deals with interpersonal relations and social transactions in Islam, focusing on areas like trade, marriage, and inheritance. It governs how Muslims should interact with each other in their daily lives. The script discusses topics like debt, contracts, and marriage under Fikih Muamalah, which is more focused on social obligations than spiritual practices.

💡Hablum minallah

Hablum minallah refers to the relationship between an individual and Allah. In the context of Fikih Ibadah, it represents acts of worship and obedience to Allah, such as prayer and fasting. The script uses this term to distinguish between duties to God and duties to fellow humans.

💡Hablum minannas

Hablum minannas is the concept of maintaining good relations with fellow human beings. This is associated with Fikih Muamalah, which provides guidelines for ethical behavior and transactions between people. The script explains how Hablum minannas applies to areas like financial dealings and marriage, emphasizing the importance of fair and just interactions.

💡Wajib

Wajib means obligatory in Islamic law. It refers to actions that Muslims are required to perform, such as the daily prayers or fasting during Ramadan. The script mentions that some actions, like prayer, are Wajib, meaning they must be carried out unless there is a valid reason for exemption.

💡Sunah

Sunah refers to actions that are recommended but not obligatory in Islam. The script highlights that while certain prayers are Wajib, others are Sunah, meaning they are encouraged but not required. This distinction is important in understanding the levels of religious duties.

💡Contemporary Issues

Contemporary Issues in the script refers to modern-day problems and situations that are not explicitly addressed in the Quran or Hadith. Usul Fikih is used to derive rulings for these issues by applying principles from Islamic jurisprudence. Examples might include technological advancements or social changes that require new interpretations of Islamic law.

💡Fardhu Ain

Fardhu Ain is an Islamic term for individual obligations, meaning duties every Muslim must perform, such as daily prayers. The script references Fardhu Ain in the context of obligatory acts of worship, explaining that some actions are required of every believer without exception.

Highlights

Fikih in grade 12 focuses more on usul fikih, though usul fikih is actually a part of fikih.

Fikih consists of fikih ibadah, fikih muamalah, and usul fikih, which are taught in grade 12.

Usul fikih is a fundamental part of fikih, emphasizing the methodology behind interpreting legal rulings.

Fikih ibadah teaches how to maintain a good relationship with Allah, focusing on acts of worship.

Fikih muamalah covers how to maintain good relationships with other people, including topics like debt, contracts, and marriage.

Usul fikih delves into the philosophical reasons for why certain acts, like prayer, are obligatory.

Usul fikih explains how legal rulings can change based on specific contexts, such as fasting during Ramadan.

Certain acts, like non-Ramadan fasting, can shift from non-obligatory to obligatory in specific circumstances.

Contemporary issues that are not explicitly addressed in the Qur'an or Hadith require interpretation through usul fikih.

Fikih ibadah includes topics such as prayer, fasting, zakat, and hajj, which are fundamental to connecting with Allah.

Fikih muamalah handles social interactions, teaching about contracts, loans, trade, and inheritance.

Fikih focuses on the best ways to maintain relationships with both Allah and fellow humans.

Hablum minallah refers to maintaining a good relationship with Allah, while hablum minanas focuses on human relations.

Usul fikih provides the framework for determining the rulings for contemporary issues not directly mentioned in religious texts.

The difference between fikih and usul fikih lies in the practical rulings versus the methodological principles behind those rulings.

Transcripts

anak-anak mengawali pelajaran fikih

semester 5 ya kelas 12 ini bahwa materi

fikih kelas 12 itu lebih condong ke usul

fikih walaupun sebenarnya usul fikih itu

juga merupakan bagian dari fikih karena

fikih itu ada fikih ibadah fikih

Muamalah dan usul fikih namun pada

praktiknya seperti pada bab 1 bab 1 eh

di kelas 12 semester 1 itu bab sunya

adalah konsep usul fikih jadi di situ

Terkesan di dalamnya ada perbedaan

antara fikih dengan usul fikih antara

fikih dengan usul fikih e nanti

Sebelumnya kita akan membahas dulu fikih

itu apa karena dalam Bab pertama itu ada

pembahasan tentang pengertian fikih dan

usul fikih jadi di sini seakan-akan

mengklasifikasikan ya membedakan ada

perbedaan antara fikih dan usul fikih

meskipun sebenarnya usul fikih itu

merupakan rukkun dari fikih itu sendiri

makan dalam ee pelajaran atau kelas

agama maka di situ ada pelajaran fikih

ada pelajaran usul fikih Cuman karena

kalian ini adalah kelas non agama non

jurusan agama penjurusan agama ya

berarti nanti usul fikih itu diajarkan

dalam mata pelajaran fikih yakni kelas

12 nah lalu Apa sih perbedaan antara

fikih dengan usul fikih itu kalau kita

mau mencari perbedaannya ya walaupun

sekali lagi fikih itu merupakan bagian

dari usul fikih itu merupakan bagian

dari

Fikih Fikih itu adalah mata pelajaran

Gitu ya mata pelajaran yang di

dalamnya itu mengajarkan kita bagaimana

kita itu bisa

berhubungan bagaimana kita itu bisa

berhubungan dengan baik berhubungan baik

dengan

siapa berhubungan baik dengan Allah dan

berhubungan baik dengan sesama manusia

nah itu fikih jadi kalau kita belajar

fikih maka dalam pelajaran fikih itu

bisa kita katakan bahwasanya di sana

kita diajarkan tentang tata cara

berhubungan baik berhubungan dengan

Allah maupun berhubungan dengan sesama

manusia nah berhubungan dengan Allah itu

kita sebut dengan istilah hablum

minallah

sementara berhubungan dengan sesama

manusia itu kita sebut dengan hablum

minanas

nah tata cara berhubungan baik dengan

Allah yang kita sebut dengan hablum

minallah

itu istilahnya adalah masuk dalam ranak

fikih ibadah kemudian tata cara

berhubungan dengan sesama manusia itu

kita istilahkan yang nanas ini kita

istilahkan dengan fikih muamalah Jadi

kalau fikih ibadah itu yang kita

diajarkan tentang salat mulai dari

syarat rukunnya salat kemudian tata cara

salat yang membatalkan salat dan

seterusnya itu salah satu materi dalam

fikih ibadah yang mana ee pelajaran

tentang tata cara salat dan seterusnya

itu kita pelajari di pelajaran fikih

waktu sanawiyah dulu tidak hanya salat

saja karena tata cara berhubungan dengan

Allah ketika kita berkomunikasi dengan

Allah melalui ibadah itu kan tidakya

Salat tapi juga di dalamnya ada tentang

tata cara puasa yang membatalkan puasa

syarat rukun puasa Bagaimana puasa yang

baik yang membatalkan puasa dan

seterusnya tidak hanya itu saja tapi

juga di situ ada

zakat ada

zakat Siapakah yang wajib zakat mustahik

zakat Siapakah yang berhak menerima

zakat kemudian di samping salat Tadi di

samping puasa tadi di samping zakat tadi

juga ada Haji bagaimana kita

melaksanakan ibadah haji itu juga

semuanya dibahas dalam pelajaran fikih

yakni ketika kita melakukan

ibadah-ibadah seperti itu sebenarnya

kita sedang nyambung sedang ngoneect

dengan Allah sehingga ibadah-ibadah itu

merupakan bentuk bagaimana kita itu

berhubungan dengan Allah yakni hablum

minallah yang kita istilahkan dengan

fikih ibadah disampai dengan adanya

fikih Ibadah dalam pelajaran fikih juga

ada fikih muamalah fikih muamalah

bedanya kalau fikih ibadah itu adalah

pelajaran fikih yang mengajarkan kepada

kita tentang tata cara berkomunikasi

dengan Allah tata cara berhubungan

dengan Allah kalau fikih muamalah itu

lebih cenderung ke sifatnya horizontal

yakni bagaimana kita itu berhubungan

dengan sesama manusia Sehingga dalam

fikih muamalah itu nanti akan ada

pembahasan tentang utang piutang tentang

gadai tentang jual beli tentang nikah

tentang mawaris dan seterusnya jadi

fikih muamalah itu mengajarkan kita

tentang bagaimana kita itu berhubungan

dengan sesama manusia nah itu fikih jadi

fikih itu adalah pelajaran yang

mengajarkan kita bagaimana cara terbaik

untuk berhubungan berhubungan dengan

siapa berhubungan dengan Allah maupun

berhubungan dengan sesama manusia kalau

berhubungan dengan Allah itu hablum

minallah itu disebut dengan fikih ibadah

tadi klasifikasinya kalau berhubungan

dengan sesama manusia itu Haum minanas

klasifikasinya adalah ketika kita e

masuk dalam ranah fikih muamalah lalu

usul fikih itu apa usul fikih itu lebih

dalam dari situ ya Jadi

ee di situ ada filosofiilosofi kenapa

misalnya salat itu kan

hukumnya wajib salat fardu hukumnya

wajib walaupun salat itu jnya salat

fardu ada salat sunat wajib itu sendiri

ada tidak hanya satu ada farduin ada

kemudian dalam konteks-konteks tertentu

dalam konteks-konteks tertentu

maka

puasa itu juga bisa berubah hukum

misalnya puasa Ramadan itu kan hukum

aslinya

hukmuninya itu kan wajib Tapi dalam

konteks-konteks tertentu wajibnya puasa

itu bisa berubah menjadi tidak wajib

yang mana hukum itu bukan hukminya tapi

hukinya

ya puasa Ramadan itu wajib ketika kita

sudah muslim kemudian tanpa ada halangan

apapun maka wajib bagi kita cuman Ketika

nanti ada kondisi-kondisi tertentu yang

menyebabkan kita tidak bisa berpuasa

maka hukum wajib puasa Ramadan itu

bergeser dari wajib menjadi hukum yang

lain itu namanya

H kemudian ada juga nah

puasa di luar Ramadan yang notabinnya

tidak dihukum wajib itu juga bisa

bergesar menjadi wajib contohnya puasaan

Adar kemudian ada juga

permasalahan-permasalahan kontemporer

permasalahan permasalahan kontemporer

ini adalah

masalah-masalah yang tidak terdapat

hukumnya dalam al-qur'an dan hadis

Kenapa tidak terdapat dalam al-qur'an

dan hadis hukum dari masalah kontemporer

itu karena masalah-masalah kontemporer

itu adalah masalah-masalah yang terjadi

di mana al-qur'an sudah tidak turun lagi

karena Rasulullah sudah wafat atau hadis

sudah tidak muncul lagi k karena

Rasulullah tidak wafat sudah wafat

sehingga masalah-masalah seperti itu

hukumnya tidak terdapat dalam al-qur'an

l bagaimana kita menghukumi suatu

peristiwa atau hal yang tidak terdapat

dalam al-qur'an maka di situlah peran

Ushul fikih salah satunya seperti itu ya

salah satunya itu anak-anak sekalian

sekilas pembahasan tentang konsep fikih

dan Ushul fikih atau pengertian

persamaan dan perbedaan antara fikih dan

usul fikih nanti akan kita lanjutkan p

for