The Perception Process
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the complex nature of perception, explaining how it helps us navigate the overwhelming influx of sensory information. It outlines the three key stages of perception: selection, organization, and interpretation. Selection involves focusing on salient or familiar information, while organization orders this data. Interpretation uses schemata and attributions to make sense of our experiences, shaping our understanding of reality. The script challenges viewers to consider how their perceptions might differ based on personal biases and experiences.
Takeaways
- 🔍 Perception is a complex process that helps us interpret the chaos of sensory inputs.
- 👁🗨 The first step in perception is 'selection', where we choose what to pay attention to from the information we receive.
- 🌟 'Salience' determines what information we select, influenced by what is out of the ordinary or deviates from our expectations.
- 🎯 'Selective perception' refers to our tendency to focus on information that is familiar or important to us.
- 🖼️ An example of selection is the famous 'vase or two faces' illusion, where different elements stand out based on individual perception.
- 🗣️ The second step, 'organization', involves ordering the selected information in a way that makes sense to us.
- 💭 The final step, 'interpretation', is where we make sense of the organized information, often using our existing 'schemata' or expectations.
- 🧠 'Schemata' are mental frameworks that shape our interpretations of people, places, events, and can be both positive and negative.
- 🔄 It's crucial to adjust our schemata based on new experiences and knowledge to ensure accurate perception.
- 🤔 'Attributions' are explanations we create for others' behaviors, attributing them to internal or external factors.
Q & A
What is the primary function of perception?
-Perception helps us to interpret the chaos of what we see, hear, touch, etc., by organizing and making sense of the numerous inputs of information we experience.
What are the three key processes involved in perception?
-The three key processes involved in perception are selection, organization, and interpretation of information.
What is meant by 'selection' in the context of perception?
-Selection refers to the first step in the perception process where we choose to pay attention to certain information before making any decisions about it.
What factors influence the selection of information during perception?
-The factors that influence the selection of information during perception include salience, which is the degree to which something attracts our attention, and selective perception, which is our tendency to focus on what we are familiar with or what is important to us.
What is salience and how does it affect perception?
-Salience is the degree to which a particular aspect of communication or an event attracts our attention, often due to it being out of the ordinary or deviating from our expectations.
How does selective perception differ from salience?
-Selective perception refers to our tendency to pay attention to what we are familiar with or what is important to us, whereas salience is about what stands out as unusual or significant in our environment.
What is the role of goals and expectations in the perception process?
-Goals and expectations play a role in perception by influencing what we find salient and therefore what information we choose to select and prioritize.
Can you provide an example of how salience might manifest in a classroom setting?
-In a classroom, the teacher saying a student's name or stating that a topic is on the exam would be salient because it is perceived as important and thus attracts the student's attention.
What is the significance of the image with the black outline of a vase and two white faces?
-The image illustrates the concept of selective perception, where different elements of the image can be perceived as the primary focus depending on what the viewer finds most salient or important.
What is interpretation in the context of perception?
-Interpretation is the final step in the perception process where we make decisions about the information we have selected and organized, often using our schemata and attributions to make sense of it.
What are schemata and how do they influence our interpretation during perception?
-Schemata are our pre-existing expectations about people, places, events, etc., that we use to interpret new information. They can be based on stereotypes or personal experiences and help us make sense of what we perceive.
How do attributions contribute to the interpretation process in perception?
-Attributions are the explanations we create for others' comments or behaviors. They can be internal, attributing behavior to a person's personality or characteristics, or external, attributing behavior to environmental factors or circumstances.
Outlines
🔍 Understanding Perception: A Complex Process
This paragraph introduces the concept of perception, defining it as more than just a worldview. Perception is described as a complex process that helps individuals make sense of the chaotic world around them. The process involves three main steps: selection, organization, and interpretation. The paragraph goes on to explain the importance of selecting what information to focus on, which is the first step in understanding and making sense of the surrounding chaos. It discusses the factors that influence selection, such as the salience of stimuli—things that stand out due to their unusual or attention-grabbing nature—and selective perception, which refers to focusing on what is familiar or important to an individual.
🎯 Prioritizing Information: Salience and Selective Perception
This paragraph delves deeper into the concept of salience in perception. It explains that salience is determined by how much something stands out in our environment, such as a loud noise or a visually striking image. The paragraph discusses the role of salience in communication, highlighting how deviations from expectations can capture our attention. It also covers selective perception, which is the tendency to focus on information that is personally relevant or significant. The example of a classroom setting is used to illustrate how different individuals might prioritize different types of information based on their personal experiences and concerns. This paragraph emphasizes the importance of what stands out most in our environment and how we prioritize that information in the process of perception.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Perception
💡Selection
💡Salience
💡Selective Perception
💡Organization
💡Interpretation
💡Schemata
💡Attributions
💡Perceptual Influences
💡Chaos
Highlights
Perception is a process that helps us interpret the chaos of sensory input.
Perception involves selection, organization, and interpretation of information.
Selection is the first step in perception, focusing on what we pay attention to.
Salience is the degree to which something attracts our attention.
Selective perception is influenced by what we find familiar or important.
Goals and expectations play a role in what we deem as salient in communication.
Deviations from expectations can also be perceived as salient.
The example of a classroom scenario illustrates how salience works.
Selective perception is shown through differing focuses in a public speaking class.
An optical illusion image demonstrates the concept of selection in perception.
Interpretation is the final step where we make decisions based on selected and organized information.
Schemata are our expectations about people, places, and events that influence interpretation.
Stereotyping is a form of schemata that can be both positive and negative.
Attributions are explanations we create for others' comments or behaviors.
Internal attributions are based on personality or characteristics, while external attributions are based on environmental factors.
Perceptual influences and their accuracy are topics for further discussion.
Transcripts
there are things known and there are
things unknown and in between are the
doors of perception now what is
perception what is it and what does it
do what's the point of it you know often
times people see perception as just a
worldview and while that is true that is
part of perception it is a much more
complicated process perception helps us
to interpret the chaos of what we see
hear touch etc there are numerous input
inputs of information in our experiences
we hear we smell we feel we experience
things on a number of levels more so now
than any generation before that's chaos
and perception helps us to organize that
chaos it is a process a process is
starts with purely selecting information
selection is a first step in the whole
process of perception which then leads
to organization of the information and
then subsequently interpretation of the
information so let's look at those three
things what is selection how does that
work there are two things that come with
selection that we need to examine
further both of these things affect what
information we choose to select if any
at all so as we said perception allows
us to make sense of the chaos well the
very first thing to do in order to make
sense of chaos is to select what you are
going to pay attention to it is to
gather that information first before you
can make any decisions about it so we
have to start by attending to certain
things and some of the things that are
most prevalent to us in this part of the
process are things that are salient the
salience of something is a degree to
which a particular people or aspects of
their communication attract our
attention so anything that would be out
of the ordinary when is communication
salient it's when a person behaves in a
visual
or audibly stimulating manner so maybe
it would be something like a loud noise
screaming and yelling maybe it would be
an outrageous attire something that is
stimulating either auditorally or
visually and then if our goals and our
expectations lead us to view the
communication exchange as important we
find it to be salient if you've ever
been in a classroom and the teacher has
said your name or said this is on the
exam or this is important all of those
things are salient to us because we
perceive them to be important when the
exchange deviates from our expectations
we also see that as salient so when we
are communicating with someone and they
say or do something that is completely
opposite or different from our
expectations then we view that as
salient the salience isn't the only part
of it selective perception is also
prevalent here selective perception
means that we pay attention to what we
are familiar with or what is important
to us and that might be different for
different people you may be sitting in a
classroom in psychology or interpersonal
communication and hear topics that for
you is important topic a is important
for you but topic B is important for the
person sitting next to you depending
upon the circumstance for example in a
public speaking class maybe you have
high anxiety about giving a speech but
the person sitting next to you has been
in a formal speech competition for their
whole high school career you are going
to focus intently on discussions of
anxiety reduction and how to give a
speech without completely freaking out
whereas the person sitting next to you
may focus more on how to deliver more
effectively so tone of voice and posture
and gestures and such it depends on what
is most valuable or most important to
you so selective perception and salience
are part of the selection process now
when you look at this image here what
sticks out first there are two images
there is the black outline which is that
of a vase and then you have the two
white faces here so which comments or
behaviors occur first in the
communication which sticks out the most
to you so if you are having a
conversation and somebody says I'm fine
in a unhappy tone what is going to stick
out first what is the most important
thing to you at that moment is it the
words I'm fine
or is it the words or excuse me the tone
within those words which one sticks out
the most so for many of us that might be
the tone we attend to that we organize
that as the most important piece of
information first and the words come
second so we have ordered it in a
certain manner and when you look at this
picture which one sticks out to you
first for some of you you've maybe seen
this photo before and so you know what
to see right at the get-go you know that
both of them stick out to you for others
it might be that this background here is
sort of pale in tone so the black they
sticks out most it depends on what you
find as the most intense for you but the
question really isn't what is the most
obvious it's what is the most important
for that situation what are you going to
prioritize first as the most important
important indicator of the situation and
finally we have interpretation and
interpretation is how we take all of the
information that we've selected and
we've organized and then we come to a
decision about it so what can we use to
interpret what we see here in touch well
for example we start with something
called schemata and those are
expectations that we hold about people
places events etc oftentimes you hear
people talk about stereotyping that fits
in that category schemata are our
schemes they are scenarios that we
create for certain people places or
things so for example
you may believe that going into a dark
alleyway in the middle of the night in
New York City is not a good idea maybe
you've never been to New York City
before but you just feel like that is
the picture you're going to paint of the
situation that is an expectation you
have about that place at that time and
is it a negative thing that you feel
that way potentially but it could also
be a positive thing and save you some
destruction in addition it could be on a
positive situation for example example
imagine if you were offered tickets to
the Super Bowl have you ever been to the
Super Bowl whether you have or not does
not deter whether you expect it to be
fun many of you would say a Super Bowl I
want to go that sounds like a blast even
if you've never been before because you
have expectations that you hold about
that event so it is sometimes positive
sometimes negative it's something that
does allow us to make interpretations
but we have to be able to adjust those
schemata based on our experiences and
our knowledge gained through research
and unexpected situations another part
of it is attributions these are creating
explanations for others comments or
behaviors so you're it's your
decision-making about why people do what
they do
sometimes we attribute behaviors to
internal issues and sometimes we
attribute them to external if we're
attributing a behavior to an internal
issue a person's behavior can be
explained from your point of view by
their personality or their
characteristics just who they are who
they are on the inside internally so
when you say well they got that job
because they are so smart and so
outgoing that would be attributing their
behavior to internal factors external
factors where would be when a person's
behavior can be explained by outside
factors the environment the circumstance
other people and so on so in that same
scenario you might say that they got
that job because they knew the
vice-president or they got that job
because they
had a list of really good letters of
recommendation so these would be
external attributions all of these
things end up helping us to determine
what we are going to interpret in the
circumstance what are we going to
determine is the truth about what we are
seeing and experiencing sometimes we're
accurate sometimes we're completely
wrong and that's another topic we want
to talk about perceptual influences and
we'll get to that later
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