Philippine Modernity and Popular Culture: An Onto Historical Inquiry
Summary
TLDRThe script explores the evolution of Philippine modernity and popular culture through historical periods of Spanish and American colonization, the 20th century, and into the 21st century. It delves into changes in governance, education, architecture, language, agriculture, media, and technology, highlighting the cultural shifts each era introduced. The summary also touches on the impact of the third and fourth industrial revolutions, the rise of social media, and the influence of K-pop and J-pop on contemporary Philippine music.
Takeaways
- 🕊️ Modernity is characterized by a significant shift from past human experiences, while modernization is the transition from traditional to modern societies.
- 🏛️ Spanish colonization introduced a centralized government system, altering the pre-colonial barangay system and impacting the cultural landscape of the Philippines.
- 🏫 The establishment of schools and the spread of Catholicism during the Spanish period led to the integration of Spanish language and culture into Filipino society.
- 🏢 The introduction of stone buildings and the decline of the native 'baha'i kubo' marked a shift in architectural styles and the adoption of new construction techniques.
- 📝 The Latin alphabet and Spanish language replaced the native Babayin script, signifying a major change in the system of writing and language.
- 🌾 Spanish colonialism influenced agricultural practices, introducing private land ownership and commercial farming, which modernized the agricultural sector.
- 📰 The emergence of the Philippine press during the Spanish period played a pivotal role in the quest for independence and the shaping of national identity.
- 🇺🇸 American period modernization introduced democratic governance, political participation, and economic gains, significantly altering the political culture.
- 📚 The American period saw the expansion of the public school system and the emphasis on English language education, which contributed to the formation of a national identity.
- 💃 Popular culture during the Spanish and American periods included the adoption of Spanish language, festivities, cuisines, and last names, as well as the influence of American individualistic culture and consumer habits.
- 📻 The 20th century brought advancements in science and technology, the rise of mass media, and the development of the Philippine cinema and original Pilipino music (OPM), reflecting the evolving cultural landscape.
Q & A
What is modernity and how does it differ from modernization?
-Modernity is defined as the condition of social existence that is significantly different from all past forms of human experience. Modernization, on the other hand, refers to the transitional process of moving from traditional to modern societies.
What was the pre-colonial system of government in the Philippines called, and how did it function?
-The pre-colonial system of government in the Philippines was called 'barangay,' which was headed by a village chief known as 'datu' or 'adatu.'
How did the Spanish colonization influence the system of law and government in the Philippines?
-Spanish colonization established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines, composed of a national government and local governments that administered provinces, cities, towns, and municipalities, thus changing the cultural system of law.
What was the role of Spanish education in the transformation of Philippine society during the colonial period?
-Spanish education played a major role in the transformation by creating the oldest universities, colleges, and vocational schools dating back to the late 16th century, as well as the first modern public education system in Asia established in 1863.
How did the introduction of stone buildings during the Spanish period impact Philippine architecture?
-The introduction of stone buildings during the Spanish period, such as San Agustin Church and the Lapa Church, led to the modern style of building stone houses and changed the architectural landscape of the Philippines.
What were the significant changes in the agricultural sector due to Spanish colonialism?
-Spanish colonialism introduced private land ownership, the exaction of tribute payments, labor services, enforced silk of crops, and the intensification of commercial farming, which modernized the traditional agricultural practices of Filipino natives.
What was the impact of the early Philippine press on the country's quest for freedom and independence?
-The early Philippine press played a critical role in the nation's quest for freedom and independence by inspiring the Philippine revolution against Spain, the first challenge by an Asian people against Western colonialism.
How did the American period of modernization influence the political culture and system of government in the Philippines?
-The American period introduced branches of government, political party systems, bureaucracy, elections, democratic rights, and liberalism, which significantly changed the Filipino political culture and system of government.
What were some popular cultural elements during the Spanish period in the Philippines?
-Popular cultural elements during the Spanish period included the Spanish language as the official language, festivities like the festival of San Diego, cultural holidays, Spanish cuisines, and Spanish last names due to the implementation of a Spanish naming system.
How did the American period contribute to the development of popular culture in the Philippines?
-The American period contributed to the development of an individualistic culture, the widespread teaching of the English language, the adoption of Western fashion, food staples like hamburgers and ice cream, and popular dances influenced by American rhythm.
What advancements characterized the 20th century modernization in the Philippines?
-The 20th century modernization in the Philippines was characterized by the third industrial revolution, which brought electronics, telecommunications, and computers, and advancements in science and technology, including the establishment of the National Academy of Science and Technology.
How did the emergence of Philippine television impact the country's modernity and popular culture?
-The emergence of Philippine television in 1953 impacted the country's modernity and popular culture by becoming a competitive industry and spreading cultural knowledge and artistic works, influencing society and shaping media systems.
What is the significance of the fourth industrial revolution in the 21st century Philippine modernization?
-The fourth industrial revolution, which arose in 2011, modernized the Philippines in the 21st century by introducing a fusion of advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, the internet of things, 3D printing, genetic engineering, and quantum computing, impacting cultural changes and emerging popular cultures through the digital world.
What popular cultural trends emerged in the 21st century Philippines?
-Popular cultural trends in the 21st century Philippines include social media, K-pop and J-pop influences, beauty trends in skin care, foreign clothing styles and brands, selfie trends, vlogging, online shopping, and the rise of P-pop music.
Outlines
🌐 Modernity and Cultural Shifts in the Philippines
Jose McAfee discusses the concept of modernity as a significant departure from past human experiences and modernization as the transition from traditional to modern societies. The historical inquiry presents a timeline of Philippine modernization from the Spanish colonial period to the 25th century, highlighting the impact on cultural changes. Key elements include the Spanish introduction of centralized government, education, religion, stone architecture, the Latin alphabet, and agricultural advancements. The period also saw the emergence of the Philippine press, influencing the quest for freedom and independence.
🏛 Spanish Colonial Influences on Philippine Culture
The Spanish period introduced the Spanish language, officializing it for over three centuries, and influenced festivities and cuisine. Spanish last names became common, reflecting the cultural impact. The American period brought further modernization with an improved system of government, public education, economic growth, and the spread of American culture. English language and American cultural elements like fashion and food became popular, reflecting the changing cultural landscape.
📚 American Influence and Technological Advancements
During the American period, the Philippines saw the introduction of a public school system, economic modernization with a significant increase in American goods, and the development of a national identity influenced by American culture. The 20th century brought the third industrial revolution, advancements in science and technology, the emergence of television, and the growth of Philippine cinema. Original Pilipino Music (OPM) also evolved, reflecting the sentimental character of Filipino pop culture.
🎥 Evolution of Philippine Cinema and Music
The formative years of Philippine cinema from the 1930s were marked by the discovery of film as an art medium, with nationalistic films gaining popularity. The 1950s marked the first golden age of Philippine cinema with artistic and mature films. Popular music in the 20th century showcased a variety of songs and movie themes, with artists like Pilita Corrales and Sylvia Latorre gaining prominence. The 21st century saw the rise of P-pop, influenced by K-pop and J-pop, and the Philippines becoming a hub for social media and digital culture.
🌟 21st Century Modernization and Cultural Trends
The 21st century brought the fourth industrial revolution, impacting the Philippines with advancements in AI, robotics, and digital technologies. Telecommunication was liberalized, leading to a boom in mobile services and the Philippines becoming the global capital of text messaging. Social media became a significant part of Filipino internet culture, with Filipinos being the most active users. Popular music saw a metamorphosis with the rise of P-pop, influenced by Asian music trends, and the popularity of K-pop and J-pop among millennials. The era also saw the rise of social media, K-pop beauty trends, foreign clothing styles, and online shopping as part of the popular culture.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Modernity
💡Modernization
💡Cultural Change
💡Colonial Period
💡Education System
💡Agricultural Advancement
💡Media Emergence
💡Industrial Revolution
💡Popular Culture
💡Social Media
💡Original Pilipino Music (OPM)
Highlights
Modernity is defined as the condition of social existence significantly different from past forms of human experience.
Modernization in the Philippines is a historical inquiry covering from the Spanish colonial period to the 25th century.
Spanish colonization introduced a centralized colonial government, changing the pre-colonial barangay system.
Spanish education played a major role in the transformation of the Philippine education system, with the establishment of the first modern public education system in Asia in 1863.
The introduction of stoned houses and buildings during the Spanish period marked a shift in architectural styles.
The Latin alphabet and Spanish language were introduced, leading to the decline of the pre-Spanish writing system, Babayin.
Agricultural advancement during Spanish colonialism included the institution of private land ownership and commercial farming.
The emergence of the Philippine media during the Spanish period played a critical role in the nation's quest for freedom and independence.
American period modernization introduced a system of government with greater political participation and economic gains.
The American period established a public school system and emphasized English language education to spread cultural values.
Economic modernization during the American period saw a significant increase in American goods and the dominance of American companies in the Philippine economy.
20th-century modernization in the Philippines marked the beginning of the third industrial revolution with the rise of electronics, telecommunications, and computers.
The advancement of science and technology in the Philippines was supported by the establishment of the National Academy of Science and Technology.
The emergence of Philippine television in 1953 had a significant impact on the country's modernity and popular culture.
Philippine cinema experienced a golden age in the 1950s with the emergence of more artistic and mature films.
Original Filipino Music (OPM) evolved from the 1950s to become a catch-all description for all popular music composed and performed by Filipinos.
The 21st century brought the fourth industrial revolution, impacting cultural changes through digital advancements and social media.
Liberalization of telecommunication in the Philippines led to the rise of mobile services and the country becoming the global capital of text messaging.
Social media has become an integral part of Filipino internet culture, with Filipinos being the most active users on various platforms.
Philippine pop music in the 21st century has seen significant growth and influence from K-pop and J-pop, reflecting the resurgence of Asian identity.
Transcripts
good day i'm jose mcafee
and i will tackle about the philippine
modernity and popular culture
and onto historical inquiry so
first what is modernity modernity is
defined as the condition of social
existence
that is significantly different to all
past forms of human experience
while modernization refers to the
transitional process
of moving from traditional to modern
societies so in fact
we need the complex process of
indianization
to achieve modernity to present a
historical inquiry
we have here the timeline of
modernization in the philippines
from the spanish colonial period until
the 25th century
it presents the modernization process
the transitions and the popular cultures
during its modernization these
modernizations created a big impact
on the cultural changes in the
philippine history
after the modern day as the
modernization allows
culture to change over time so now
let's look for some modernization during
the spanish period
the first one is the system of
government
in pre-colonial period we have own
system of government
which called barangay was headed and
told by adatu
village chief who was also known as
but transition began when the spanish
colonization started
spain established a centralized colonial
government in the philippines
that was composed of a national
government and the local government
that administered provinces cities
towns and municipalities thus the
culture in the system of law was changed
next is the foundation of schools and
religion
spanish education played a major role in
that transformation
the oldest universities colleges and
vocational schools
dating as far back as the late 16th
century
were created during the colonial period
as well as the first modern public
education system in asia established in
1863.
during the early years of spanish
colonization
education was mostly run by the church
thus
the new culture in education was
penetrated to filipino natives
spanish priors and missionaries educated
the natives and converted
indigenous populations to the catholic
faith
the next is stoned houses and buildings
natives in the philippines during
pre-colonial era
uses the baha'i kubo or nipah
but in the spanish period building
landmarks using stones was introduced
in the 16th century such as san agustin
church
church and this was the le pena chapel
which also led to the modern style of
building stone houses
the next is system of writing and
language
babayim is a pre-spanish philippine
writing system
it is a member of the brahmic family and
is recorded as being in use in the 16th
century
but in the spanish period colonization
under spain
came the latin alphabet and the decline
in the mental disuse of baby
spanish missionaries who served as the
first teachers in the island
thought converted filiphino's
catholicism
the latin alphabet and the spanish
language
which became a new acosta modern system
of language and writing
during spanish period next is
the agricultural advancement spanish
colonialism
drew many of the formerly independent
and subsistence
farming settlements into the mainstream
of feudalism
notable among the major changes brought
about
and which subsequently paved the way
forward
the growth at the bsnp were the
institution of private land ownership
the exaction of tribute payments
labor services enforced silk of crops
and the intensification of commercial
farming
during the latter part of the 18th
century
these changes transitioned the
traditional way in agriculture
of filipino natives which modernized
the custom agricultural farming
lastly is the philippine media emergence
the early philippine press gave an
emergence of media in the philippines
which impacted our culture and modernity
it mainly played
critical role in the nation's quest for
freedom
and independence thus the pantheon of
our national heroes
includes such journalists as
jose rizal the chanel office haina
mariano ponce
antonio luna to name a few their
writings
inspired the philippine revolution
against spain
the first challenge by an asian people
against
western colonials what are some popular
cultures
during the spanish period it includes
the spanish language as the official
language of the country
for more than three centuries under
spanish colonial rule
and became the lingua franca the
philippines in the 19th and
early 20th centuries festivities
such as the festival of the san diego
cultural holidays such as new year's day
holiday week or easter also stay all
sense day
nacho buena and his mistake
spanish cuisines we're all from the
influence
of spanish culture such as apritada
arose a level in china
orozcaldo bistek brazil de mercedes and
many more
spanish last names such as de los santos
and many others which during
spanish conquest of the philippine
islands and its
implementation of a spanish naming
system
so now let's go to the modernization
during american period
the first is the system of government
united states improved economy and
systems government
where the filipinos had greater
political participation
and more economic gains the americans
introduces branches of government
political party system bureaucracy
elections
democratic rights and liberalism which
gave a great change in the filipino
political culture as well as in the
system of government
american belief in the importance of the
rule of law define its political
approach to the philippines
with its law and constitutional
traditions replicated
in their new possessions and applying to
americans and natives alike
it is also served as the justification
for taking possessions of the island
along with the theory that they were as
of yet incapable
of democratic self-governance
next is the education in public school
system
philippine educational system during
american period established the primary
public school in 1901 and intermediate
school
in 1904 which provided free
public education thomasites was the
group of professionals
sent by the united states government who
were assigned to teach
english language education became a very
important issue for the united states
colonial government
since it allowed it to spread their
cultural values
particularly the english language to the
filipino people
instruction in english language and
american history
lead to forming of a national identity
in filipino nationalism
filipinos also rework forms and elements
from
american popular culture especially in
films
fashion and literature
in addition this period saw the
development of popular
and literary culture in other philippine
languages
next economic modernization
american goods comprise only 7 percent
of philippine imports in 1899
but had grown to 66 percent by 1934
these goods include farm machinery
cigarettes
meat and dairy products and cotton cloth
this became the start of engagement of
many filipinos in terms of enjoying
imported products and changed some
cultures in product
preference free trade promoted
us investment and american companies
came to dominate philippine factories
meals and refineries
filipino nationalists during american
period
feared of economic and political
dependence on the united states
as well as the over-specialization of
the philippine
economy around primary products over
reliance on u.s markets
and the political inducements of
american businesses
in the indefinite colonial retention of
the philippine islands
what are some popular cultures during
american period
it includes individualistic culture
which was penetrated to filipino ideas
during the american period to create a
demand for democracy
and equality before the law as well as
limited government provided
under democracy that helps to protect
individual freedom
english language which widely taught all
over the country during american
occupation
floating style for men such as suits
polo shirts thighs and jeans for women
dresses high-heeled shoes and handbags
for foods western food staples like
hamburgers fries sandwiches steak and
ice
cream which quickly became
popular among the filipinos eventually
capturing their hearts and influencing
their lifestyle
by the 1900s filipinos began to eat
cereals for breakfast
besides the usual pandisel weekly
growing an affinity towards american
food they also developed
recipes that incorporated western
ingredients
as well for popular dance
during the colonization of america the
dance has created a great impact
to filipinos american rhythm is frenzy
and cheerful
one of the dances is boogie woogie and
disco dancing is widely
known to filipinos and now
for the 20th century modernization in
the philippines
we have the beginning of the third
industrial revolution
the third revolution brought forth the
rise of electronics telecommunications
and of course computers through the new
technologies
the third industrial revolution opened
the doors to
space expedition research and
biotechnology
next is the science and technology
advancement
national academy of science and
technology in 1976
established to help scientists experts
in science and technology
it was during the fifth republic where
government provided 3005
scholarships for students who are
interested in taking up course
related to science and technology
schools became modernized and updated by
having additional high-tech equipment
it was also during this time when the
science and technology personnel
were given priority by the government by
approving the republic act number 849 in
1997
which is entitled magna carta for
science and technology
personnel its purpose is to give
incentives and rewards to people who
made an
impact and was influential in the field
of science and technology
while during president joseph strada
terms
the internet age was pushed for the
advancement of schools
and industry next is the mass media in
the philippines
in 1953 marked the official television
broadcast in the philippines
the emergence of philippine television
gave an impact on the philippine
modernity in popular cultures
philippine television broadcast a highly
competitive industry with two major
television stations
voting for the number one spot namely
abs-cbn and gma network
different societies have different media
systems and the way they are set up by
law influences
how the society works different forms
of communication including messages
intermediate cube shape
and structures to philippine society
additionally
mass media outlets spread cultural
knowledge and artistic works
around the world next the philippine
cinema
the formative years of philippine cinema
starting from 1930s
were a time of discovery in the film
genre as a new medium of art
script and characterizations in films
came from popular theater and familiar
local literature
nationalistic films were also quite
popular
although they were labeled as being too
subversive
the 1940s and the war brought to the
philippine cinema
the consciousness of reality movie teams
consisting primarily of war and heroism
had proven to be a huge hit among local
audiences
the 1950s saw the first golden age of
philippine cinema
with the emergence of more artistic and
mature films
and significant improvement in cinematic
techniques
among filmmakers last is the popular
music opm
of the 20th century original filipino
music
now more commonly termed opm originally
referred
only to a genre of philippine pop songs
mostly ballads
that became popular after the collapse
of its predecessor
the manila sound of the late 1970s
currently however the term opm
has been a catch-all description for all
popular music composed
and performed by filipinos originating
from the philippines
prior to the 1970s emergence of opm
from the 1950s through the 1960s
popular music in the philippines was a
varied showcase
four songs in vernacular and movie
themes
interpreted by recording artists such as
pilita corrales silvia latorre robin
tagalog
helen gamboa filma santos edgar mortis
carmen camacho among many others what
are some popular cultures
during 20th century in terms of consumer
technology products
the walkman this man and walkie-talkies
was a success and became
an icon in 1980s culture opm through the
1990s
to the 2000s opm pop
was regularly showcased in the live band
scene
groups such as neocolors side a
intro voice that it jano true faith
passage and freestyle properly song that
clearly reflects
the sentimental character of opm pop of
this year
in filipino europe francis magalona
the genre soon entered the mainstream
with francis magalona dibu
album yo in 1990
which included the nationalistic hit
mahaka
became a superstar in local cinemas
there were popular cinemas during the
20th century including
the orasanginto princepe amante
ohau ogdatin sadulo and mainila
samhafophono aguila
now let's move on to the 21st century
philippine modernization first is the
fourth industrial
revolution the fourth industrial
revolution
which believed arose in 2011
modernized the philippines in the 21st
century
which made a great impact on cultural
changes such
as emerging popular cultures through the
digital world
in fourth industrial revolution a fusion
of advances into artificial intelligence
robotics the internet of things 3d
printing genetic engineering
quantum computing and other technologies
it's the collective force behind many
products
and services that are fast becoming
indispensable
to modern life it includes gps systems
that suggest the fastest route to a
destination
voice activated virtual assistants such
as
apple siri personalized
netflix recommendations and facebook's
ability to recognize faces and tag
in a friend's photo next is the
liberalization
of telecommunication under the rama's
administration
a coalition named the movement for
reliable and efficient pawn system
was formed with a goal of liberalizing
the telecommunication industry
players arises such as club telecom
pldt and smart cellular mobile services
began in the country only in 1991.
in may 2000 the number of cellular phone
subscribers
exceeded the number of fixed line
subscribers
this is because of the spotted teleport
service and high cost
of fixed line subscriptions it was also
seen how sms
is affordable this led to the
philippines has become the global
capital of text messaging
which was a feature of the mobile phone
that was ignored by other countries
next the rise of the social media social
networking is the one of the most
active web-based activities in the
philippines with filipinos being
declared as the most active users on a
number of web-based
social media sites such as facebook
instagram snapchat and twitter
the use of social networking websites
has become so extensive in the
philippines
that the country has been tagged as
the social media capital of the world
and has also become part of filipino
internet culture
last is the popular music of 21st
century
from 2010 to 2020 philippine pop
music or p-pup went through a huge
metamorphosis in its increased
quality budget investment and variety
much in the country's rapid economic
growth and and
accompanying social and cultural
resurgence of its asian identity
this was heard by heavy influence from
k-pop and j-pop
a growth in asian-style ballads idol
groups
and eddie and music endless reliance on
western
genres mirroring the korean wave and
similar japanese wave popularity
among the millennial filipinos and
mainstream culture
famous p-pop music artists who had
defined the growth of this now
mainstream genre
include the word impact sarah gerenomo
sb19 first one casey tandingan
eric santos ian constantino ml48
regime velazquez bgyo and depop
generator what are some popular cultures
during 21st century it includes social
media
kpop beauty trends in skin care foreign
clothing styles and brands
selfies trends of smartphone users
vlogging online shoppings and many other
work
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