American period to Contemporary period of Philippine literature| 21st Century Literature -SHS

Summary

This video script explores the evolution of Philippine literature through various colonial and contemporary periods. It highlights the American colonial period's educational and cultural advancements, the commercialization of literature in the 1920s, and the impact of Japanese occupation on literary themes. The script also discusses the rebirth of freedom post-WWII, the activism in literature during the 1970s, the New Society's focus on development, and the changes in the Third Republic. Finally, it touches on the dynamic 21st-century literature, inviting viewers to reflect on recent works and their differences from the 20th century.

Takeaways

• 📚 After the Spanish colonial period, the American colonial period saw significant advancements in Philippine education and culture, with the introduction of the public school system and free instruction in English and Filipino.
• 📖 The literature of the American period was characterized as imitative of American models, with students often following the styles of American poets rather than creating original works.
• 📰 In the 1920s, Philippine literature became commercialized with the publication of stories, novels, and poems in weekly publications like Wai and Bisaya, covering a range of subjects.
• 🎭 Drama during the American period was often used to criticize Spanish rule and to celebrate the heroism of those who fought for independence, such as the members of the Katipunan.
• 📚 The Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945 interrupted the development of Philippine literature, with a focus on nationalism, country love, and life in the barrios during this dark period.
• 📘 The rebirth of freedom in 1945 after the return of the Americans was marked by a struggle of mind and spirit, as well as a proliferation of newspapers and a resurgence in literary expression.
• 📔 The early post-liberation period saw the revival of Tagalog literature, with themes focusing on the hardships of life under Japanese rule and the bravery of the guerillas.
• 📝 The period of activism from 1970 to 1972 was marked by a desire for societal change, with literature reflecting the ills of society and the push for reforms or new ideologies.
• 🏛 During the New Society period, which began in 1972, literature often dealt with themes of progress and development, with an emphasis on improving societal conditions and addressing issues like drug addiction and pollution.
• 🌐 The lifting of martial law in 1981 and the establishment of the Third Republic brought about a change in the perception of Philippine literature, with a focus on themes of courage, shock, and grief over political events.
• 🚀 The 21st century has seen the introduction of new trends in Philippine literature to meet the needs and tastes of the new generation, with contemporary writings reflecting the ongoing evolution of the literary scene.

Q & A

What significant change occurred in Philippine literature during the American colonial period?

During the American colonial period, Philippine literature saw a great leap in education and culture with the introduction of the public school system and free public instruction. The use of English alongside Filipino became common, and literature started to imitate the American model, leading to commercialization and a focus on societal concerns.

How did the Japanese occupation affect Philippine literature?

The Japanese occupation interrupted the development of Philippine literature, especially in English. It was considered a dark period with newspapers being restricted and a focus on nationalism, country love, and life in the barrios in the works that were produced.

What were the three types of poems that emerged during the Japanese period?

The three types of poems that emerged during the Japanese period were haiku, tanaga (or tanaka), and kaganeewang ano. Haiku was a form of free verse with 17 syllables divided into three lines, while tanaga was a short form with measure and rhyme.

What was the impact of the rebirth of freedom on Philippine literature after World War II?

After the rebirth of freedom, Philippine literature experienced a revival, with writers expressing themselves more confidently. The early post-liberation period was marked by a struggle of mind and spirit, and there was a proliferation of newspapers and publications that allowed writers to share their works.

How did the period of activism in the 1970s influence the themes in Philippine literature?

The period of activism in the 1970s led to a desire for change and reforms in society, which was reflected in the literature of the time. Many writings recorded and embodied the petitions of the youth, emphasizing the importance of nationalism and social reforms.

What was the role of the Ministry of Public Affairs during the period of the New Society?

The Ministry of Public Affairs was established to supervise newspapers, books, and other publications during the period of the New Society. It aimed to stop writings that gave bad influences on the morals of the people and promoted the development of literature that aligned with the government's vision.

What were the themes prevalent in Philippine literature during the Third Republic?

During the Third Republic, themes in Philippine literature dealt with courage, shock, and grief over the treachery inflicted upon Aquino, as well as themes that were true to life, such as grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, and love of country.

How did the People Power Revolution of 1986 affect the state of Philippine literature?

The People Power Revolution of 1986 led to a period of turmoil and rejoicing, which was reflected in the literature of the time. It marked the beginning of a new era in Philippine literature, with writers exploring themes of freedom, democracy, and the aftermath of the revolution.

What are some of the contemporary trends in Philippine literature in the 21st century?

In the 21st century, Philippine literature has seen the introduction of new trends to meet the needs and tastes of the new generation. Contemporary writings explore a variety of themes and utilize innovative narrative techniques, reflecting the diverse experiences and perspectives of Filipinos today.

How can one contribute to the discussion on Philippine literature after watching the video?

To contribute to the discussion on Philippine literature, one can share their thoughts on the differences between 20th and 21st century literature, discuss recent stories they have read, and ask questions or seek clarifications in the comment section below the video.

Outlines

00:00

📚 American Colonial Influence on Philippine Literature

The American colonial period in the Philippines marked a significant leap in education and culture, with the introduction of the public school system and free public instruction. English was adopted alongside Filipino, leading to an imitation of American literary models. Poetry during this time retained traditional styles but addressed new societal concerns, while drama was used to criticize Spanish rule and celebrate Filipino heroism. Commercialization of literature began in the 1920s with publications like Weekly Wai and Bisaya, featuring diverse literary works.

05:02

🎭 Japanese Occupation and the Rebirth of Philippine Literature

During the Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945, Philippine literature in English was interrupted, marking a dark period for the literary scene. However, Filipino poetry flourished with themes of nationalism and life in the barrios. Forms like haiku and tanaga emerged, reflecting Japanese influence. Drama experienced a lull, with many plays being reproductions of English works translated into Tagalog. The rebirth of freedom in 1945 saw the return of American influence and the revival of Filipino literature, with a focus on societal expression and the grappling of new ideas and challenges.

10:04

🌟 Activism and the New Society in Philippine Literature

Activism in Philippine literature from 1970 to 1972 was driven by societal ills and the desire for reform. The period saw a rise in nationalism and a push for changes in government. The New Society period, starting in 1972, focused on themes of development and progress, with an emphasis on family planning, environment, and social issues. The military government established the Ministry of Public Affairs to supervise publications, and there was a renewed interest in Filipino and English songs. The period also saw the continuation of the Palanca Awards and the development of literature through weekly publications.

🏛 The Third Republic and the Evolution of Philippine Literature

The lifting of martial law in 1981 and the establishment of the Third Republic marked a new era for Philippine literature. Despite restrictions, literature continued to thrive, with themes of courage, shock, and grief over political events. The period saw the emergence of new writers and the continuation of the annual festival of Filipino films. Literature in English during this time dealt with themes of treachery and the aspirations for freedom, reflecting the societal changes and the true essence of the Filipino spirit.

🌐 21st Century Philippine Literature: A New Era of Expression

Entering the 21st century, Philippine literature has embraced new trends and contemporary writings to cater to the tastes of a new generation. The period has seen a continuation of the exploration of societal issues, with a focus on the realities of Filipino life. The literature of this era reflects the ongoing evolution of the Filipino narrative, with writers and readers engaging in a dialogue about identity, heritage, and the challenges of modern society.

Keywords

💡Spanish Colonial Period

The Spanish Colonial Period refers to the era of Spanish rule in the Philippines from the late 16th century to the late 19th century. In the context of the video, this period is significant as it sets the historical stage for the evolution of Philippine literature, which the video discusses in the subsequent periods.

💡American Colonial Period

This term denotes the period of American rule in the Philippines, which began in 1898 and lasted until 1946. The video highlights the American Colonial Period as a time of significant educational and cultural advancement in the Philippines, with the introduction of the public school system and the use of English alongside Filipino, profoundly influencing the direction of Philippine literature.

💡Commercialization

Commercialization in the context of literature refers to the shift towards producing works primarily for profit rather than artistic merit. The video mentions that during the 1920s, Philippine literature became commercialized, with publications like Weekly Wai and Bisaya featuring a variety of works, indicating a move towards mass appeal and marketability.

💡Imitative Literature

Imitative literature is work that closely follows the style or form of another's work, often lacking originality. The script describes how literature during the American period was considered imitative of the American model, with students and writers often emulating the styles of American poets rather than creating original works.

💡Japanese Occupation

The Japanese Occupation refers to the period from 1941 to 1945 when Japan conquered the Philippines during World War II. The video script describes this as a 'dark period' for Philippine literature in English, with themes of nationalism, country love, and life in the barrios becoming prevalent in the works of that time.

💡Haiku

Haiku is a traditional form of Japanese poetry consisting of three lines with a syllable pattern of 5-7-5. The video mentions the emergence of Haiku during the Japanese Occupation, indicating an influence of Japanese culture on Philippine poetry during this period.

💡Tanaga

Tanaga, similar to Haiku, is a short form of poetry with a specific measure and rhyme. The script notes that Tanaga, like Haiku, became a common form of poetry during the Japanese Occupation, reflecting the adaptation of Japanese poetic forms in the Philippine literary scene.

💡Post-Liberation Period

The Post-Liberation Period refers to the time following the Philippines' regaining of independence from Japan in 1945. The video describes this period as one of struggle and expression, with Filipino writers gaining more confidence in their work and dealing with themes like the aftermath of war and the desire for freedom.

💡Activism

Activism in literature refers to the use of writing as a means to advocate for social, political, or environmental change. The video discusses the period of activism in the 1970s, where Filipino youth used literature to express their desire for reforms and to challenge the status quo.

💡New Society

The term 'New Society' in the script refers to the period starting on September 21, 1972, under the leadership of President Ferdinand Marcos. It was a time when the government attempted to control literature and media, promoting development and progress while suppressing writings with negative influences on society.

💡Third Republic

The Third Republic of the Philippines began after the lifting of martial law in 1981. The video describes this period as one of change and new beginnings for the nation and its literature, with a focus on themes of courage, shock, and grief over political events, reflecting the societal shifts of the time.

💡People Power Revolution

The People Power Revolution refers to the non-violent protest movement in 1986 that led to the ousting of President Marcos and the restoration of democracy in the Philippines. The video mentions this event as a significant turning point for Philippine society and literature, marking the beginning of a new era.

💡21st Century Literature

The script discusses the 21st Century Literature as a period of contemporary writings that reflect the needs and tastes of the new generation. It invites viewers to consider how recent literature differs from that of the 20th century, suggesting a continuous evolution in themes and styles in Philippine literature.

Highlights

Post-Spanish colonization, the American colonial period introduced English alongside Filipino, leading to a significant leap in education and culture.

The Philippine public school system was introduced, providing free public instruction to Filipinos.

Literature during the American period was imitative of the American model, with students following the form of American poets.

Commercialization of Philippine literature occurred in the 1920s with publications like Weekly Wai and Bisaya.

Poetry under American rule maintained old styles but addressed new societal concerns.

Drama during the American period often degraded Spanish rule and immortalized the heroism of the Katipunan.

Dr. Jose Rizal's works portrayed societal conditions under colonial repression.

During the Japanese occupation, Philippine literature in English halted, marking a dark period for the field.

Nationalism, country love, and life in the barrios were common themes in Filipino poetry during the Japanese period.

New poetic forms like Haiku and Tanaga emerged during the Japanese period, influenced by Japanese aesthetics.

Drama experienced a lull during the Japanese period due to the closure of movie houses and a focus on English play reproductions.

After World War II, the rebirth of freedom saw a struggle of mind and spirit among Filipinos, reflected in literature.

The early post-liberation period was marked by a proliferation of newspapers and a return of writers who had gone abroad.

Tagalog literature was revived, with themes focusing on the hardships of life under Japanese rule and guerilla exploits.

Activism in literature from 1970 to 1972 was driven by domestic and worldwide causes, reflecting the desire for societal reforms.

The period of the New Society saw literature focusing on the development and progress of the country, with themes like family planning and environmental issues.

Under Martial Law, the Ministry of Public Affairs supervised publications, attempting to curb negative influences on public morals.

The Third Republic period saw a continuation of themes of courage, shock, and grief in literature, reflecting the political climate.

The People Power Revolution of 1986 marked a new era in Philippine literature, with a focus on the true republic and societal changes.

21st-century literature introduces new trends and contemporary writings, reflecting the needs and tastes of the new generation.

Transcripts

what are the highlights after the

spanish colonial period of the

philippine literature what happened

during the american colonial period and

the contemporary period

[Music]

hi dear learners this is runette welcome

to our 21st century from the philippines

in the world class we will continue our

discussion in the different literary

periods of the philippine literature

in my previous video we discussed the

periods before and after the spanish

colonization

i want you to watch that video first as

our discussion is just a continuation of

the previous one

now are you ready

after the spanish colonialization period

is the american colonial period

during the american period the

philippines had a great leap in

education and culture the use of english

alongside filipino was practiced

the philippines public school system was

introduced and free public instruction

was given to the filipinos and the

literature during the american period

was considered as imitative of american

model instead of asking the students to

write originals students ended up

following the form of american poets

philippine literature became

commercialized in the 1920s when the

weekly wai and bisaya published stories

novels and poems of varied subject

matter like poetry poetry under the

american rule still followed the style

of the old but had contents that ranged

from fear writing to societal concerns

under the americans and drama was

usually used in the american period to

degrade the spanish rule and to

immortalize the heroism of the men who

fought under the katipunan and remake

novels it took dr jose results portrayal

of societal of social conditions by

colonial repression these are some of

the literary works under the american

period aggregato gozaimasu let's proceed

to the japanese period philippine

literature was interrupted in its

development when another foreign country

japan conquered the philippines between

1941 to 1945 philippine literature in

english came to a halt and it is

considered as a dark period this led to

all newspapers not to be circulated in

the community except for tribune and the

philippine review this is the filipino

poetry during this period the common

theme the most points during the

japanese occupation was nationalism

country love and life in the barrios

faith religion and the arts these are

the three types of poems emerged during

this period

haiku

a form of free verse that the japanese

like it was made up of 17 syllables

divided into three lines and the tanaga

or tanaka like the haiko is a short but

it had measure and rhyme kaganeewang ano

is a usual form and we also have

filipino drama during the japanese

period the drama experienced a lull

during the japanese period because movie

houses showing american films were

closed many of the plays were

reproductions of english plays to

tagalog

these are our playwriters and their

works the next period is the rebirth of

freedom what are the highlights

americans returned in 1945 and the

filipinos rejoiced and gorillas who fled

to the mountain joined the liberating

american army on july 4 1946 the

philippines regained its freedom and the

filipino flag waved joyously alone the

chains were broken and the state of

literature during this period but the

early post-liberation period was marked

by a kind of struggle of mind and spirit

posed by the sudden emancipation from

the enemy and the wild desire to see

print

filipinos had by this time learned to

express themselves more confidently but

problems beyond language and print-like

economic stability the threat of new

ideas and mortality

had to be grappled with side-by-side

there was a proliferation of newspapers

like the press morning sun

and others

some filipino writers who had gone

abroad and had written during the

interims came back to publish their

works not all the books published during

the period reflected the war year and

some were compliations of second

editions of what have been written

before some of the writers under works

of the periods are the following

these are the writers and their literary

works the new filipino literature during

this period

philippine literature in tagalog was

revived during this period and most

themes in the writings dealt with

japanese brutalities of the poverty of

life under the japanese government and

the brave guerilla exploits newspapers

and magazine publications were reopened

like the bula club

ilang and sinag tala tagalog poetry

acquired not only rhyme but substance

and meaning short stories had better

characters and events based on facts and

realities and themes were more

meaningful

novels became common but were still read

by the people for recreation

many books were published during this

time among which were the following and

now we proceed to the period of activism

according to pushano pineda youth

activism in 1970 to 1972 was due to

domestic and worldwide causes activism

is connected with the history of our

filipino youth because of the ills of

society the youth moved to seek reforms

some continue to believe that the

democratic government is stable and that

is only the people running the

government who are at fault some believe

that socialism or communism should

replace democracy many young people

became activists to ask for changes in

the government in the expression of this

desire for change

kin where the writings of the some youth

who were fired with nationalism in order

to emphasize the importance of their

petitions

many books aptly record and embody these

items but many of these are not known to

many and many of these writers still

have to be interviewed

these were the literary works under this

period

the period of the new society started on

september 21 1972 the carlos palanca

award continued to give annual awards

almost all themes in most writings dealt

with the development or progress of the

country like the green revolution family

planning proper nutrition environment

drug addiction and pollution the new

society tried to stop pornography or

those writings giving bad influences on

the morals of the people all school

newspapers were temporarily stopped and

so with school organizations the

military government established a new

office called the ministry of public

affairs that supervised the newspapers

books and other publications

singing both filipino and english songs

received fresh incentives

those sent abroad promoted many filipino

songs the weekly publications like

kislab and liui helped a lot in the

development of literature these became

outlets for our writers to publish many

of their works this is the filipino

poetry during the period of the new

society we have the play under the new

society radio and television filipino

films under the new society comics

let's proceed to the period of the third

republic after 10 years of military rule

some changes in the life of the filipino

which started under the new society

martial rule was at last lifted on

january to 1981. to those in government

the lifting of military rule heralded

the change to their perceptions the

philippines became a nation and this

former president mark was called the new

republic of the philippines a historian

called this the third republic the first

republic he claimed was during the

philippine republic of emilio aguinaldo

when we first got our independence from

the spaniards on june 12 1898. we can

say that philippian literature in spite

of the many restrictions

still retain its luster this is the

filipino poetry under the third republic

this is the filipino poetry and we have

also filipino songs

many filipino songs

dealt with themes that were really true

to life like those of grief poverty

aspirations for freedom love of god of

country and of felt on of fellman we

also have philippine films and

the yearly festival of filipino films

continued to be held during this period

and the public tree in english during

the third republic the themes of most

during this time

dealt with courage

shock and grief over the treachery

inflicted upon aquino

these are our children's books are

fables

and philippines literature is definitely

changing and isagani cruz summarizes

these as follows

these are some writers during this

period we have this period from 1986 to

1999 and history took another twist once

more the filipino people regained their

independence which they lost 20 years

ago in the span of four days from

february 21 to 25 1986 the so-called

people power or lakas nambayan prevail

philippine society was in turmoil for a

few weeks but the rejoicing after

president marcos was toppled down from

power was sheer sephoria

to the filipino people this is the true

republic the true republic of the

philippines

this is the state of literature during

this period and on books filipino

literature is still in the making and

they believe that we were just beginning

a new era

and the philippine revolution of 1986

we also have filipino songs during this

period

finally here comes the 21st century

period in my previous video i discussed

the highlights of the 21st century

literature and in this period you will

discover

contemporary writings from our

contemporary writers the new trends have

been used and introduced to meet the

needs and tastes of the new generation

you are in this period so what do you

think are some of the 21st century

stories that you have read recently how

do they differ from the 20th century

literature please share your thoughts

for your questions and clarifications

please write them in the comment section

below happy learning everyone see you

[Music]