Piagam Jakarta: Debat Abadi Dasar Negara | Buka Data
Summary
TLDRThe script delves into the historical intricacies of Indonesia's foundational principles, focusing on the debates surrounding Pancasila and the Jakarta Charter. It highlights the pivotal role of Soekarno and Hatta in shaping the nation's ideology, the controversy over the first principle of the state, and the significant amendments made during the PPKI meetings. The narrative also touches on the attempt to refine the constitution in the 1950s and the ultimate decision to uphold the 1945 Constitution, emphasizing the unification of the diverse Indonesian people under a single guiding principle.
Takeaways
- 📜 The script discusses the historical context of the Indonesian state ideology, Pancasila, and its formulation during the drafting of the HIV law, referencing historical speeches and debates.
- 🗣️ It mentions the importance of Soekarno's speech on June 1, 1945, and its connection to the final formulation of Pancasila on August 18, 1945, highlighting the ideological debates that took place during the nation's founding.
- 🤝 The script refers to the 'Piagam Jakarta' as a result of a compromise between secular nationalists and Islamic nationalists, indicating the initial formulation of the state's foundational principles.
- 🔊 Controversies arose over the first principle of the 'Piagam Jakarta', with religious representatives expressing concerns about its implications for their respective faiths and traditional laws.
- 🏠 The script describes a meeting at Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, where a small committee drafted the opening of the constitution, known as 'Piagam Jakarta', which was a significant step in the nation's ideological foundation.
- 🔄 Despite initial resistance, the first principle of 'Piagam Jakarta' was upheld after discussions and was later changed to 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' during the PPKI meeting, reflecting a significant amendment known as 'Hatta's change'.
- 📝 The script outlines the ongoing debates and attempts to perfect the constitution, with the 'Piagam Bandung' being proposed as a compromise to recognize 'Piagam Jakarta' as a historical document influencing the 1945 Constitution.
- 🚫 The script notes the rejection of the 'Piagam Bandung' by Islamic groups and the eventual dissolution of the Constituante by Soekarno through Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959, which established the 1945 Constitution as the definitive law.
- 🔗 The 'Piagam Jakarta' is mentioned as a vital link that inspired the 1945 Constitution and is considered part of the unity framework with the constitution, despite historical and ideological disputes.
- 📚 The script reflects on the historical significance of these documents and debates, emphasizing the real events and discussions that shaped the Indonesian state's ideological foundation.
Q & A
What is the historical significance of the date June 1, 1945, in the context of the script?
-June 1, 1945, is significant as it marks the date of Soekarno's historic speech, which is considered foundational to the formulation of the Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state.
What does the term 'RUU HIV' refer to in the script, and why is it mentioned in relation to Fricella and Eka Cila?
-The term 'RUU HIV' refers to the 'Rancangan Undang-Undang HIV,' or the draft law on HIV in Indonesia. It is mentioned in relation to Fricella and Eka Cila as they are advocating for the inclusion of religious and cultural diversity in the law, referencing historical speeches and the formulation of Pancasila.
What is the connection between the Pancasila and the 'Piagam Jakarta' as discussed in the script?
-The 'Piagam Jakarta' is considered a precursor to the Pancasila. It was a draft of the opening of the constitution formulated during a meeting at Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, and it influenced the final formulation of the Pancasila on August 18, 1945.
Who were the representatives from the Protestant and Catholic communities, and what was their concern regarding the first principle of the 'Piagam Jakarta'?
-The script does not provide specific names for the representatives from the Protestant and Catholic communities. Their concern was that the first principle of the 'Piagam Jakarta,' which referred to a monotheistic belief, would conflict with their religious beliefs and potentially lead them to stand outside the Republic of Indonesia.
What was the compromise reached during the PPKI meeting on August 18, 1945, regarding the first principle of the state?
-The compromise reached during the PPKI meeting was to change the first principle from 'belief in one God' to 'belief in the one and only God (Ketuhanan yang maha esa),' which was a modification proposed by Wahid Hasyim and accepted by the PPKI to unite all ethnic groups.
Why was the 'Piagam Bandung' offered to the Constituent Assembly by President Soekarno in 1959?
-The 'Piagam Bandung' was offered as a compromise to acknowledge the 'Piagam Jakarta' as a historical document that preceded and influenced the 1945 Constitution. This was an attempt to resolve the ongoing debate on the state's foundation and to incorporate the input of various groups.
What was the role of Teuku Muhammad Hasan, an expert in law from Aceh, in the discussions around the 'Piagam Jakarta'?
-Teuku Muhammad Hasan was invited by Hatta to mediate the debate between Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, a figure from Muhammadiyah, and Wahid Hasyim. His involvement was part of the effort to reach a consensus on the first principle of the state.
What was the significance of the meeting at Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, and what document was produced there?
-The meeting at Soekarno's house was significant as it led to the drafting of the 'Piagam Jakarta,' which was a preliminary version of the opening of the constitution and served as a basis for the discussions that led to the Pancasila.
What was the final decision regarding the first principle of the state in the 1945 Constitution, and why was it changed?
-The final decision was to change the first principle to 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' (the one and only God), which was done to accommodate the concerns of religious communities and to foster unity among the diverse ethnic and religious groups in Indonesia.
What was the impact of the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in 1959 on the discussions about the state's foundation?
-The dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in 1959 by President Soekarno halted the discussions on the state's foundation. The 'Piagam Jakarta' was acknowledged in the decree that reinstated the 1945 Constitution as the country's fundamental law, but the debate on the state's foundation was left unresolved.
Outlines
📜 Historical Debates on Indonesia's National Ideology
The first paragraph delves into the historical context of Indonesia's struggle to define its national ideology, focusing on the inclusion of religious and cultural elements in the HIV bill. It references the historical speech of Soekarno on June 1, 1945, and the final formulation of the Pancasila on August 18, 1945. The paragraph discusses the ideological debates surrounding the Pancasila, the Jakarta Charter, and the role of various figures in shaping the national philosophy. It highlights the controversy over the first principle of the state, the involvement of religious representatives, and the eventual compromise that led to the change from 'belief in one God' to 'God is great' in the state ideology. This paragraph also touches on the historical significance of the Jakarta Charter and its influence on the formulation of the state's foundational principles.
🏛 The Evolution of Indonesia's Constitutional Foundations
The second paragraph continues the narrative by discussing the challenges in reaching a consensus on the national foundation during the constitutional drafting process in the 1950s. It mentions the attempt to reconcile different views through the Bandung Charter, which aimed to acknowledge the historical precedence and influence of the Jakarta Charter on the 1945 Constitution. However, the paragraph notes the resistance from Islamic groups and the eventual dissolution of the Constituent Assembly by President Soekarno through Presidential Decree No. 5 of 1959. This decree established the 1945 Constitution as the definitive legal foundation of the state and acknowledged the Jakarta Charter as part of its spirit. The paragraph concludes by reflecting on the historical significance of these events and their impact on the implementation of Islamic law for its followers.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Fricella
💡Eka Cila
💡RUU HIV
💡Pancasila
💡BPUPKI
💡Piagam Jakarta
💡Muhammad Hatta
💡Ketuhanan yang maha esa
💡Konstituante
💡Dekrit Presiden
💡Syariat Islam
Highlights
Introduction of Fricella and Eka Cila into the HIV bill with historical references to Soekarno's speech on June 1, 1945, and the final formulation of Pancasila on August 18, 1945.
Controversy over the ideological foundations of the state, discussing not only who formulated the concept of Pancasila but also the Jakarta Charter.
Historical context of the proclamation of Indonesian independence on the afternoon of August 17, 1945, by Muhammad Hatta.
The visit of Japanese naval representatives and the objections of Protestant and Catholic representatives to the first principle of the state outlined in the opening of the constitution.
Origin of the phrase in the opening of the constitution, traced back to Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, where a small committee drafted the opening of the constitution.
The drafting of the Jakarta Charter by Muhammad Yamin, influenced by the secular nationalists and Islamic nationalists' struggle for its foundation.
Debate during the second session of the BPUPKI about the first principle of the state in the Jakarta Charter and its potential to disrupt customary law.
The insistence of Soekarno to maintain the phrase in the first principle despite objections from religious figures.
The Jakarta Charter's approval by the BPUPKI and the preservation of the seven words in the first principle.
The significant change made during the PPKI meeting on August 18, where the first principle was amended to 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' (The One and Only God).
The Hatta amendment, which was crucial for uniting all ethnic groups, despite ongoing polemics.
The intention to perfect the constitution later and the possibility of re-proposing the wishes of the people.
The re-emergence of the debate on the state's foundation during the 1950s in Bandung's Concordia building while drafting a new constitution.
The failure to reach a consensus on the state's foundation during the constitutional convention, leading to a compromise committee representing all parties.
The proposal of two formulations of Pancasila as the state's foundation, neither of which gained the required two-thirds majority.
Soekarno's decision in 1959 to implement guided democracy and revert to the 1945 Constitution.
The offer of the Bandung Charter to the constitutional convention, recognizing the Jakarta Charter as a historical document influencing the 1945 Constitution.
The rejection of the Bandung Charter by Islamic groups and the subsequent dissolution of the constitutional convention by Soekarno's presidential decree.
The establishment of the 1945 Constitution as the basic law and the Jakarta Charter's role in inspiring the UUD 1945.
The historical event of the obligation to implement Islamic law for its followers, despite being a single historical incident.
Transcripts
aku memasukkan fricella dan Eka Cila
maupun Ketuhanan yang berkebudayaan ke
dalam pasal RUU HIV dengan alasan
historis pidato Soekarno 1 Juni 1945
sama dengan mereduksi Pancasila rumusan
final pada 18-08-1945 serta mengundang
kontroversi dengan mengabaikan Piagam
Jakarta rancangan undang-undang haluan
ideologi Pancasila membangkitkan kembali
perdebatan ideologis dasar negara
perdebatan Pancasila tak hanya tentang
siapa yang merumuskan konsepsi nya tapi
juga tentang Piagam Jakarta
Hai jika persoalan siapa konseptor
Pancasila merujuk rapat-rapat awal
BPUPKI 29 Meiga 1juni Piagam Jakarta
mencuat setelah nya gimana sih
sebenarnya duduk perkara sejarah Piagam
Jakarta dan Pancasila ini kalau mati
Kami bangsa Indonesia dengan ini
menyatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia sore
hari 17-8-1945 Muhammad Hatta didatangi
utusan angkatan laut Jepang itu San itu
menyampaikan wakil-wakil Protestan dan
Katolik keberatan terhadap sila pertama
dasar negara yang tercantum dalam
pembukaan undang-undang dasar kalau
kalimatnya seperti itu mereka akan
memilih berdiri diluar Republik
Indonesia
Hai asal-usul kalimat itu bermula di
sini rumah Soekarno di Jalan Pegangsaan
Timur Nomor 56 pada 22juni 1945 panitia
kecil beranggotakan sembilan orang
melangsungkan rapat di sana dan
menghasilkan rancangan pembukaan
undang-undang dasar Muhammad Yamin
menamainya Piagam Jakarta rapat panitia
sembilan berlangsung alot penuh lobi dan
manuver kubu nasionalis sekuler dan
nasionalis Islam bersikukuh pada
pendiriannya Piagam Jakarta ialah hasil
kompromi dua kubu tersebut meski
demikian jalan tengah itu tak
menyelesaikan perdebatan di sidang kedua
BPUPKI tokoh dari Maluku Johanes
Latuharhary menilai sila pertama dasar
negara dalam Piagam Jakarta akan
mengacau kan hukum adat Kepala Kantor
Urusan Agama zaman pendudukan Jepang
jayadiningrat hawatir tujuh kata itu
julukan fanatisme Ki bagus Hadikusumo
tokoh Muhammadiyah justru ingin frasa
bagi pemeluk-pemeluknya dihapus namun
Soekarno bersikukuh mempertahankan nya
[Musik]
Piagam Jakarta pun disahkan bpupk
menjadi pembukaan undang-undang dasar
tujuh kata di sila pertama Piagam
Jakarta dipertahankan kembali ke Hatta
laporan utusan angkatan laut itu membuat
sang proklamator mengajak Teuku Muhammad
Hasan ahli hukum dari Aceh melobi tokoh
Islam Ki bagus Hadikusumo dan Wahid
Hasyim pada 18agustus Sebelum rapat
Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia
atau PPKI hadir pula dalam pertemuan itu
Kasman singodimedjo tokoh Muhammadiyah
yang diminta Soekarno melebihi bagus
Hai singkat cerita ki bagus dulu Wahid
Hasyim pun mengusulkan agar redaksi sila
pertama diubah menjadi ketuhanan yang
maha esa
Hai akhirnya di rapat PPKI hari itu
undang-undang dasar disahkan dan tujuh
kata di sila pertama dicoret dan diubah
menjadi ketuhanan yang maha esa
perubahan ini disebut Hatta perubahan
yang maha penting menyatukan segala
bangsa namun polemik tidak berhenti
disitu dalam lebih bagus khas menyebut
undang-undang dasar ini akan
disempurnakan kemudian hari dan
Keinginan mereka bisa diusulkan lagi
baru belasan tahun kemudian Pembahasan
dasar negara mencuat lagi yakni Disini
di gedung Concordia Bandung saat
konstituante merancang undang-undang
dasar baru pada paruh akhir dekade
1950-an rapat soal dasar negara ini pun
tidak kunjung menemui titik temu di
konstituante Lembaga ini sampai membuat
panitia kompromi yang mewakili semua
nyetok panitia ini menawarkan dua
rumusan Pancasila sebagai dasar negara
Hai senyum pertama rumusan yang
tercantum di Piagam Jakarta 22 Jun kedua
perumusan undang-undang dasar 18-08-1945
tapi tak ada rumusan yang memperoleh
dukungan Dua pertiga jumlah suara yang
hadir menurut ketua konstituante wilopo
konstituante bekerja cukup baik
pekerjaan konstituante tersisa 10% saja
yakni menyelesaikan persoalan dasar
negara
Hai namun Februari 1959 Soekarno yang
memimpin kabinet bersama Juanda
memutuskan untuk melaksanakan demokrasi
terpimpin serta kembali ke undang-undang
Dasar 1945 Presiden Soekarno pun
menawarkan langkah kompromi berupa
piagam Bandung ke konstituante piagam
ini akan mengakui piagam Jakarta sebagai
dokumen historis yang mendahului dan
mempengaruhi undang-undang Dasar 1945
Hai namun kelompok Islam menolaknya dia
gambarmu tidak pernah terwujud sebab
Konstituante dibubarkan Soekarno melalui
Dekrit Presiden 5-7-1959 dekrit ini juga
menetapkan undang-undang Dasar 1945
sebagai undang-undang dasar
Hai Piagam Jakarta disebut dalam deket
menjiwai UUD 1945 dan merupakan suatu
rangkaian kesatuan dengan konstitusi
tersebut
Hai dari kewajiban menjalankan syariat
Islam bagi pemeluknya itu biarpun itu
satu kejadian sejarah kejadian yang
bersejarah Bukan khayali tapi
betul-betul terjadi di
klub-klub
hai hai
hai hai
Hi Ho
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