Aliança do Rei com a Burguesia | Vai Cair no Enem!

Summary

This video explores the historical alliance between the king and the bourgeoisie, focusing on the decline of royal power under feudalism and the rise of the bourgeois class due to agricultural and commercial revolutions. It explains how the king, whose power was diluted by feudal lords, partnered with the burgeoning bourgeoisie to regain political, military, and economic influence. The video also covers the significance of cities, trade, and the formation of independent cities (burgos), which led to the development of modern capitalist structures and the eventual power shift that paved the way for the rise of the bourgeoisie in European society.

Takeaways

• 😀 The alliance between the king and the bourgeoisie was fundamental in the evolution of power during medieval Europe.
• 😀 The dissolution of real power and the rise of the bourgeoisie are key phenomena to understand this historical alliance.
• 😀 Feudalism, where the king owns land but doesn't have direct control over it, diluted the king's power as land was divided among various lords.
• 😀 The term 'burguesia' (bourgeoisie) originated from 'burg', meaning a walled city, and emerged with the revival of commerce from the 10th century.
• 😀 The agricultural revolution, with innovations like the three-field system and the metal-tipped plow, significantly increased productivity in medieval Europe.
• 😀 The bourgeoisie emerged as a social class through trade, with merchants acting as intermediaries between producers and consumers.
• 😀 As the bourgeoisie flourished, they began to live closer to castles, turning them into independent trading hubs known as 'burgos'.
• 😀 Between the 6th and 12th centuries, barbarian invasions, particularly by the Vikings and Magyars, disrupted commerce, pushing for more secure trade routes.
• 😀 The king recognized the potential of the bourgeoisie to help restore political, social, and economic power by ensuring their security and taxing their commerce.
• 😀 Over time, the bourgeoisie grew stronger, economically dominating Europe, leading to their eventual conflict with the nobility, especially seen in the French Revolution.
• 😀 The rise of the bourgeoisie and its eventual dominance signaled the decline of feudal privileges, paving the way for modern capitalism and the rise of the state.

Q & A

What was the nature of the alliance between the king and the bourgeoisie?

The alliance was established to help the king regain lost political, social, and economic power, while the bourgeoisie, in turn, sought security and legitimacy to conduct trade. The king provided military protection, and the bourgeoisie paid taxes and contributed financially to the monarchy.

How did feudalism contribute to the weakening of royal power?

Feudalism created a system where land was owned by the king but controlled by various lords, with each holding land in exchange for loyalty. As a result, the king’s control over land and resources weakened, reducing his direct influence over his subjects and limiting his ability to raise taxes or control military forces.

What is the role of the bourgeoisie in the rise of commerce during the medieval period?

The bourgeoisie played a key role in the revival of commerce by facilitating trade, especially through towns and cities that emerged around castles and key crossroads. They acted as intermediaries, buying surplus production and selling it to other regions, fostering economic growth in urban areas.

How did the agricultural revolution contribute to the growth of the bourgeoisie?

The agricultural revolution introduced new techniques such as the rotation of crops and the use of more efficient plows. These innovations increased agricultural productivity, creating surpluses that allowed for trade and the emergence of a commercial class, which was crucial for the rise of the bourgeoisie.

What were the key technological advancements in agriculture during the medieval period?

Key advancements included the introduction of the metal-tipped plow, which made it easier to cultivate tough soil, and the three-field crop rotation system, which optimized land use and increased crop yields. These innovations enabled more land to be cultivated and helped increase food production.

What was the significance of the emergence of free cities and burghs?

The emergence of free cities and burghs marked the growth of independent urban centers where merchants and craftsmen could thrive without the direct control of feudal lords. These cities became economic hubs, and their residents gained increasing autonomy, contributing to the rise of the bourgeoisie.

Why did the king seek an alliance with the bourgeoisie during medieval times?

The king sought an alliance with the bourgeoisie to regain political, economic, and military power that had been weakened by feudalism. The bourgeoisie, with their growing wealth from trade, could provide the king with financial support in exchange for protection and stability.

What role did taxes play in the relationship between the king and the bourgeoisie?

The bourgeoisie paid taxes based on their commercial activities, which provided the king with essential financial resources. In return, the king offered military protection and security for the trading routes and towns where the bourgeoisie operated.

How did the monarchy's relationship with the bourgeoisie impact the military?

As a result of the alliance, the king was able to finance the creation of a standing army. This new military power allowed the king to reclaim lands and centralize authority, especially against feudal lords and nobles who had previously held power.

What was the long-term effect of the alliance between the king and the bourgeoisie?

In the long run, this alliance helped pave the way for the development of the modern nation-state. The bourgeoisie gained political and economic power, which eventually allowed them to challenge the traditional aristocracy, culminating in events such as the French Revolution.