Panorama : Scandal at the Post Office BBC Documentary 2020
Summary
TLDRThe video script details a scandal involving the UK's Post Office, where hundreds of postmasters were wrongfully accused of stealing money due to bugs in the Horizon computer system. Despite internal knowledge of these issues, the Post Office pursued prosecutions, leading to imprisonment and financial ruin for many. A campaign by affected postmasters, bolstered by investigative journalism, eventually led to a High Court ruling acknowledging the system's flaws. The Post Office has agreed to pay £58 million in compensation, and the Court of Appeal is reviewing dozens of convictions. The scandal has raised serious questions about corporate accountability and the need for transparency and justice within institutions.
Takeaways
- 📰 The Post Office scandal involved the wrongful prosecution of hundreds of postmasters for alleged theft, based on faulty evidence from a flawed computer system called Horizon.
- 🚨 Post Office management was aware of the Horizon system's vulnerabilities and yet accused staff of stealing, leading to severe consequences including imprisonment.
- 💻 The Horizon computer system was known to have bugs that could cause discrepancies in financial accounts, but the Post Office continued to use it as evidence against postmasters.
- 🤫 There was a culture of secrecy within the Post Office, and they were criticized for their lack of transparency and denial of the system's flaws.
- 💰 The Post Office has agreed to pay £58 million in compensation and legal fees, but the extent of the scandal suggests that more may be owed to those affected.
- 🏛️ The Court of Appeal is reviewing the convictions of 47 postmasters, and the Post Office is reassessing 900 prosecutions that may have involved flawed Horizon evidence.
- 🤔 The scandal raises questions about the integrity of the Post Office's leadership and its commitment to justice and transparency.
- 📉 Public trust in the Post Office has been severely damaged by the scandal, with calls for a public inquiry into the institution's actions.
- 🛡️ The Post Office's refusal to acknowledge the Horizon system's issues and to provide adequate support to postmasters has had devastating effects on the accused and their families.
- 📋 Internal documents and evidence indicate that the Post Office was aware of the Horizon system's problems but chose not to disclose this information, leading to potential cover-ups.
- 🚨 The case highlights the importance of robust oversight and accountability in institutions, especially when they hold the power to significantly impact individuals' lives.
Q & A
What is the main issue discussed in the transcript?
-The main issue discussed is a national scandal involving the Post Office, where hundreds of postmasters were wrongly accused of stealing money due to bugs and errors in the Horizon computer system.
What was the role of the Horizon computer system in this scandal?
-The Horizon computer system was used by the Post Office to manage accounts and transactions. However, it had bugs and errors that caused discrepancies, making it appear as though money had gone missing, leading to false accusations against postmasters.
What was the consequence for the postmasters who were wrongly accused?
-Many postmasters were jailed, some were forced to pay back large sums of money, and their lives were severely impacted, with some losing their homes and others experiencing personal and professional ruin.
How did the Post Office respond to the scandal when it first emerged?
-Initially, the Post Office denied any wrongdoing and insisted that the Horizon system was robust. They accused postmasters of theft and continued to prosecute them, despite evidence of the system's flaws.
What was the outcome of the High Court case brought by 557 postmasters?
-The High Court ruled in favor of the postmasters, finding that bugs in the Horizon system could make it look like money had disappeared. The Post Office was criticized for its culture of secrecy and for insisting on the system's reliability despite evidence to the contrary.
What compensation has been agreed upon for the affected postmasters?
-The Post Office has agreed to pay £58 million in compensation and legal fees. Additionally, the Court of Appeal will review the convictions of 47 postmasters, and 900 prosecutions may involve Verizon evidence.
What was the role of the BBC Panorama programme in uncovering the scandal?
-The BBC Panorama programme played a crucial role by presenting evidence of remote access to the Horizon system without postmasters' knowledge, which was later deemed significant in the High Court case and contributed to the postmasters' victory.
What did the investigators, Second Sight, uncover during their investigation?
-Second Sight, the independent investigators appointed by the Post Office, uncovered evidence suggesting a cover-up within the Post Office. They found that legal files were withheld, and there was evidence of remote access to postmasters' accounts, which was not disclosed to the accused postmasters during their trials.
What was the reaction of Paula Vennells, the former CEO of the Post Office, to the scandal?
-Paula Vennells expressed regret over the situation and the impact on the colleagues and their families. However, she did not provide direct answers to questions regarding her tenure and the Post Office's actions during the scandal.
What are the demands from the public and politicians regarding this scandal?
-There are calls for a public inquiry into the scandal, with demands for transparency, accountability, and justice for the affected postmasters. Politicians and the public want to see those responsible held accountable for the miscarriage of justice.
What steps is the Post Office taking in response to the scandal?
-The Post Office has launched a scheme to offer redress for those who may have experienced shortfalls due to the Horizon system. The new leadership is promising fundamental change and greater transparency to address the issues raised by the scandal.
Outlines
📰 Post Office Scandal: Lives Ruined by Faulty System
The first paragraph discusses a national scandal involving the Post Office, where hundreds of lives were ruined due to a faulty computer system that made money appear to go missing. Postmasters were accused of stealing, and some were jailed. The Horizon computer system was at the center of the issue, with evidence suggesting that the Post Office was aware of its flaws yet continued to prosecute staff. The narrative follows individuals like Janet Skinner, who was sentenced to jail despite her insistence on innocence. The scandal is described as potentially one of the biggest miscarriages of justice in British history.
💼 The Post Office's Culture of Secrecy and Miscarriages of Justice
This paragraph delves into the Post Office's culture of secrecy and the consequences it had on postmasters. The Horizon system's bugs were proven in court to cause discrepancies, leading to the Post Office agreeing to pay £58 million in compensation. The Court of Appeal is set to review the convictions of 47 postmasters. The Post Office's initial denial and subsequent admission of the Horizon system's issues are highlighted, along with the revelation that the Department for Post Office Affairs was aware of problems with the system, which was not disclosed to those affected.
🤔 Cover-Up Allegations and the Search for Truth
The third paragraph focuses on allegations of a cover-up within the Post Office regarding the Horizon system's problems. Internal documents reveal a pattern of errors and a lack of transparency, with postmasters like Alan Bates fighting to prove the system's flaws. The post office's refusal to release legal files to independent investigators is also mentioned, suggesting a deliberate obstruction of justice. The narrative includes accounts from those who have suffered as a result of the scandal and the ongoing quest for the truth and justice.
🚨 Uncovering the Truth: The Role of Legal Files and Evidence Suppression
This section discusses the critical role of legal files and the suppression of evidence in the scandal. It tells the story of Seema Mishra, a postmaster who was wrongfully convicted of theft, highlighting how key evidence that could have proven her innocence was withheld from her trial. The paragraph also describes how an email from the Post Office security team about a bug in the Horizon system was not disclosed, which could have impacted the outcome of her case and others. The post office's denial of any wrongdoing and its claim to have always accepted legal obligations are also covered.
🛠️ Remote Access and the Integrity of the Horizon System
The fifth paragraph uncovers the possibility of remote access to the Horizon system, which could have allowed financial records to be altered without postmasters' knowledge. This revelation points to potential human error or theft by those with secret access. Despite initial denials, evidence presented was crucial to the postmasters' victory in the High Court. The Post Office's subsequent admission of misleading statements and the Ernst & Young report from 2011, which warned of Fujitsu staff's unrestricted access, are also detailed. The paragraph concludes with the Post Office's commitment to reviewing its disclosure practices.
🏛️ Calls for Accountability and a Public Inquiry
The final paragraph addresses the demand for accountability and transparency from the Post Office, with calls for a public inquiry into the scandal. It discusses the impact on the lives of those affected, including imprisonment and loss of livelihoods. The paragraph highlights the government's stance on the issue, the Post Office's new leadership promising change, and the refusal of the former CEO, Paula Vennells, to answer questions regarding her tenure. The victims' insistence on uncovering the truth and holding someone accountable is emphasized, with the story serving as a stark reminder of the importance of justice and integrity in national institutions.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Post Office Scandal
💡Horizon Computer System
💡False Accusations
💡Postmasters
💡Compensation
💡Court of Appeal
💡Cover-up
💡Whistleblower
💡Redress Scheme
💡Public Inquiry
💡Accountability
Highlights
The Post Office scandal has been described as one of the biggest miscarriages of justice in British history.
Hundreds of postmasters were prosecuted over missing money, with evidence coming from a faulty Post Office computer system called Horizon.
Post Office management accused staff of stealing, despite knowing that the Horizon system could cause money to go missing on its own.
Postmasters were jailed and faced financial ruin, with some being forced to pay back large sums based on the system's errors.
A ten-year investigation revealed a culture of secrecy and denial within the Post Office regarding the Horizon system's flaws.
Janet Skinner, a postmaster, was jailed for nine months after the Horizon system showed discrepancies in her accounts.
Alan Bates, a former postmaster, spent 20 years fighting to prove that Horizon's bugs caused money to vanish from his post office.
557 postmasters took the Post Office to court, resulting in the Post Office agreeing to pay £58 million in compensation and legal fees.
The Court of Appeal is reviewing the convictions of 47 postmasters, including those featured in the program.
Internal documents show that the Post Office was aware of serious problems with Horizon, contradicting their claims that the system was robust.
A whistleblower revealed that Fujitsu staff could change financial records remotely without postmasters' knowledge, affecting account balances.
The Post Office initially denied the possibility of remote access but later admitted to misleading the court.
The Horizon system's errors and the Post Office's handling of the scandal led to a national outcry and calls for a public inquiry.
Paula Vennells, who ran the Post Office during the scandal, expressed regret but did not address specific questions about the Post Office's actions.
The Post Office has launched a scheme to provide redress for those affected and is promising greater transparency and fundamental change.
Politicians and victims are demanding accountability, with some calling for a judge-led public inquiry into the scandal.
The scandal has transformed a much-loved national institution into a national disgrace, with lives shattered by the Post Office's actions.
Transcripts
tonight on panorama shocking new
evidence about a national scandal I've
never heard of anything like it at all
it's a quite extraordinary story we
reveal how the post office ruined
hundreds of lives
they're been lying not just of the
supposed must have to everybody they've
been lying from day one the post office
knew its computer system could make
money go missing but they accuse staff
of stealing anyway
it's chilling I mean my blood run cold
and postmasters were jailed because
bosses kept the truth from coming out
okay cool
it's kind of injustice on people and
then just walk away with it scot-free
[Music]
for ten years I've been investigating a
scandal at one of our most loved
institutions it may turn out to be one
of the biggest miscarriages of justice
in British history the post office
prosecuted hundreds of postmasters over
missing money post masters like Janet
Skinner and then just repeatedly ask me
the same questions did you steal the
money have you taken the money have you
borrowed the money
I've lent the money to some of the day
the evidence against the postmasters
came from the post offices computer
system horizon in 2006 it showed 21,000
pounds missing from Janet's till
she panicked and hid the shortfall in
her accounts while she tried to work out
what has happened
I knew that I hadn't done anything wrong
and I just thought it's the problem
it'll come back so what happened next
week it just doubled and then it just
got beyond the point where it was like
had just buried my head in the sand and
I didn't know what to do to be honest
[Music]
when auditors arrived at Janet's branch
horizons showed fifty nine thousand
pounds was missing the post office
charged her with theft and false
accounting then they offered her lawyer
a deal he said if you will accept the
guilty plea for frame false accounting
they'll drop the theft charge - and then
I said well what does that mean say I
said well it means she probably were
we're looking at a custodial sentence
and so I said well I'll do that then
Janee because I didn't want to go to
jail
[Music]
but Janet did go to jail she got a
nine-month sentence
[Music]
on her first night inside she was
allowed to call home
I remember fun tickets
[Music]
what were they saying to you and all of
them me sir she's a lot command Co he
well you're not going to see me so I
don't miss growing up without memory of
me post masters were told they had total
control of their horizon accounts so
when money went missing the post office
said it was their fault but what if the
computer made mistakes there's a very
early one of me in 2000 even a lot
younger in those days so I think that
was the first time we ever had to
anything in print which was December
2003 2003 former postmaster Alan Bates
has spent 20 years trying to prove
horizon made money vanish from his post
office
there's a lovely quote from you here I'm
going to fight this for as long as it
takes because of the grave injustice I
feel has been done to myself
and the people have Craigie done in the
way my contract was terminated great
fight this for as long as it takes and
yeah unfortunately I seem to be living
up to my word team in two decades on
Allen was sacked after refusing to pay
back money horizon said was missing he
was one of the first to argue that
computer bugs were responsible but the
post office wouldn't listen I've always
felt that they've been trying to keep it
covered up the whole thing covered up
about the condition of the system how
many people are sitting on the truth of
what they knew at the time it has to
come out now there are so many people
who have suffered over the years with
all of this and there are probably so
many more out there that we haven't
heard from yet more postmasters joined
Allen's campaign I've met dozens of them
over the years like Sue Knight who was a
respected member of her church and local
community she lost her home those
Toffees had no idea what them or knoll
thomas he was accused of stealing fifty
thousand pounds they waited for a
suspended sentence and he said take him
down
I spent my 60th birthday in Christian or
Joe Hamilton whose customers raise
thousands to pay off the money she was
accused of stealing we're not gonna stop
until they actually address what they've
done and be helped to account for what
they've done
[Music]
557 postmasters took the post office to
court
[Music]
some had been jailed and some had been
forced to pay back large sums of money
the computer said was missing horizon
was put on trial and the postmasters
were proved right
bugs in the computer system could make
it look like money had disappeared the
judge has found that on numerous
occasions over the years
bugs errors and defects in the horizon
system caused discrepancies in
postmasters branch accounts
the judge criticized the post office for
insisting horizon was robust when the
evidence proved it wasn't this approach
by the post office has amounted in
reality to bear assertions and denials
that ignore what has actually occurred
it amounts to the twenty-first century
equivalent of maintaining that the earth
is flat the judge found that there was
an excessive culture of secrecy within
post office and that definitely
reflected our experience of dealing with
them it was very difficult to get things
out they held all the cards and they
weren't exactly putting them down on the
table face up
[Music]
the post office has agreed to pay 58
million pounds in compensation and legal
fees but that may just be the start the
Court of Appeal will now review the
convictions of 47 post masters including
all the convicted post masters featured
in this program the post office is also
assessing 900 prosecution's that may
involve Verizon evidence this is
potentially a huge miscarriage of
justice and I support fully the demands
of people who are affected by it get
answers are now finally I hope we're on
the verge of getting justice and closure
for the people affected by this
miscarriage of justice the post office
says the court found the risk of bugs
affecting balances in older versions of
horizon was greater than post office
believed it does not mean every
shortfall was caused by a bug and each
case would need to be determined on the
full evidence the post office should
have done more to investigate the risk
and provide more help to postmasters
that is something we deeply regret
[Music]
the High Court case has given me the
chance to finally get to the truth I got
access to dozens of internal documents
they show problems with horizon coming
up time and time again these documents
show that post office knew there were
serious problems with horizon so when
they service system was very bust that
wasn't true the people's lives have been
destroyed because of that
they show error after error logged by
the IT firm running the system some bugs
made it look as if money had gone
missing
these messages show the post office
known as pole was told but they carried
on prosecuting postmasters anyway
there were bugs that affected horizon
before Janet Skinner was accused of
stealing we've uncovered farthest that
demonstrates the post office knew about
bugs in horizon well before they
prosecuted you we should have been aware
made aware of the system failings that
was going on there just didn't tell
anybody
do you think the Department of
prosecuting you were aware yes horizon
had bugs and force yeah oh yeah and
they're just obviously just ignored it
[Music]
the lawyer who advised Janet to plead
guilty is now a Labour MP
he says they should never have been put
in that position by the post office
that realization that Janet Skinner
perhaps shouldn't have been in the
situation that she was in how did you
react personally was chilling I mean my
blood ran cold we now know she should
never have been prosecuted in the first
place she went to prison a life was
absolutely categorically ruined those
problems that they knew about then there
were not disclosing any of that at the
time and we now know we certainly
suspect strongly that those corporate
cover-up this is the woman who ran the
post office for almost a decade
all of ennals always insisted she wanted
to get to the truth about horizon we are
a business that does genuinely care
about the people that work for us and if
there had been any miscarriages of
justice it would have been really
important to me in the post office slip
that we actually surface those
politicians have tried to hold her to
account went along to the post office
headquarters and met all of an owl's the
chief executive of the post office and
we said we can't go on like this this
has got to be sorted out there's a real
problem here the response we got was
actually very encouraging they said
we'll do this properly we'll get to the
bottom of it
in 2012 the post office appointed
independent investigators called second
sight to look at the postmasters
complaints about horizon they were
promised full cooperation
I made it completely clear to the
chairman and chief exec that this was
not an investigation I was remotely
interested in carrying out unless they
were committed to the seat to the search
for the truth that's the only way we
operate well there was the famous feed
phrase seek the truths at all costs but
the post office is independent
investigators soon suspected there was a
problem with the convictions out of all
of the cases that we looked at I don't
think we ever came across a single
example where the proceeds of crime so
to speak had ever been identified in any
form of satisfactory way I might have
expected to hear about an expensive
holiday or a flash car war or something
like that we saw nothing to indicate
that if money had been stolen that it
had been used to benefit the sub
postmaster although their immediate
family
Second Sight were initially given access
to internal legal files but then the
post office stopped handing them over
the investigators told em piece we
unsurprisingly asked for full access to
those legal files well why don't you
give this files over the point I want to
pick up first answer my question but why
won't you give Ian Henderson in those
files well as far as I'm aware mr. Saar
we we have shared whatever information
was appropriate on everything most of
the legal files were never released the
investigators paid by the post office
think there's been a cover-up if there
was a decision taken to deliberately try
and put obstacles in the way of your
investigation why well I think that's
pretty screamingly obvious it's the
consequences of a loss of confidence in
the underlying core system horizon so it
is existential for the post office to -
to maintain the position that the
horizon is completely reliable and the
people and the processes surrounding
horizon are completely reliable
the post office says it cooperated with
Second Sight as appropriate second sites
were not experts in criminal law and it
was therefore not appropriate for them
to have access to the privilege to
prosecution files it says it seen no
evidence of a cover-up
those legal files are critical to the
first case I ever encountered in this
scandal it's the story of a postmaster
called Seema mishra there's no evidence
that I've taken any money and then the
jury came back with the word guilty what
I was had in front of me my husband my
children and I'm pregnant that time
Seema was jailed for stealing seventy
four thousand pounds after she covered
up the fact cash was missing key
evidence came from the horizon computer
system in the summing up the judge said
there's no direct evidence of theft
you have to infer it how can somebody
doing listening who did properly come
back with the word guilty so there was
it was shocking and then you then had to
go to prison yeah I asked one of the
officers if I can borrow his jacket so
they can cover my handcuff I didn't want
anybody to see like that
sima might not have been convicted of
theft had her trial heard the truth
about horizon
we've found crucial evidence in her
legal file that was never seen by the
jury these documents are shocking they
show post office prosecutors refusing to
hand over information which could have
helped SEMA prove her innocence this is
just one example an email from the post
office security team to the criminal law
team it's about a bug in horizon that
makes money simply disappear the
security team are worried it may have
repercussions in future prosecution
cases the attachment says that any
branch encountering the problem will
have corrupted accounts
in one case more than 30,000 pounds went
missing in another almost 5,000 pounds
the document was printed out by the post
office legal department just three days
before SEMA mistress trial but it was
never disclosed to her defense we showed
our evidence to a leading expert on
criminal law what do you think of the
behavior of the post office throughout
the mr. Truong it seems to me and it
goes to the heart of this that quite
clearly the post office had material
which they should have disclosed which
they did not and in my view resulted in
the wrongful conviction of missus mistre
there should be a thorough examination
of all the evidence in respect of any
person who might have committed
misconduct in the course of these
prosecutions by the post office the post
office says it has always accepted its
legal obligations and has taken advice
throughout
it's conducting a further review about
disclosure
[Music]
it wasn't just computer bugs that the
post office was keeping to itself
there was another way money could
disappear from the horizons system in
2015 we discovered postmasters accounts
could be changed without them knowing
we made a panorama which uncovered vital
new evidence but it was bitterly
contested by the post office
the horizon computer system is run from
this office in Bracknell by Fujitsu
a whistleblower told us that financial
records were sometimes changed remotely
by Fujitsu staff he knew because he was
one of them
[Music]
and went in through the back door and
made changes sometimes you'd be putting
several lines of code in at the time if
we hadn't done that then the counters
would have stopped working
[Music]
it was an explosive revelation if the
accounts could be altered remotely then
missing money could be down to human
error or worse still theft by those with
secret access to the system the post
office said we were wrong senior
managers flatly denied remote access was
possible without the postmaster knowing
one meeting was recorded it wasn't for
broadcast so we've reversed their words
can the system be accessed remotely and
without anybody's knowledge in terms of
it doesn't leave a footprint then no it
would leave a footprint so in sum it is
not now I never has been possible but
anybody from post office or Fujitsu to
interfere with transactions without the
clear knowledge of the postmaster it is
100% true to say we can't change alter
and modify existing transaction data so
the integrity is 100% preserved and
that's true now has been okay
[Music]
[Music]
despite these denials our evidence of
remote access was crucial to the
postmasters victory in their High Court
case the BBC Panorama programme that you
did in 2015 was very important in that
in fact I'm not sure that this
litigation would have happened as it did
had panorama not made that programme the
judge decided our whistleblower was
right remote access was possible without
the postmaster knowing
why was that so important because it
made a fundamental difference to the
reliability of the accounts and a
fundamental difference to the
credibility of post office in what it
had been saying to a number of people
including in response to your program
[Music]
the post office told the court it had
inadvertently misled panoramas
[Music]
the post offices barrister said it was a
matter of enormous regret that the
senior managers who dealt with panorama
were not aware that remote access to
horizon was possible the post office
claimed that that was just an honest
mistake but our documents suggest that
isn't true
this Ernst & Young report was sent to
post office directors back in 2011 it
says it has again identified weaknesses
in the horizons system and it warned
that Fujitsu staff have unrestricted
access to post masters accounts that may
lead to the processing of unauthorized
or erroneous transactions so the post
office knew all along that remote access
was possible we showed our evidence to
the then chair of the business Select
Committee what does that say to you
about their attitude towards the truth
they right they're mistaken although of
misleading the courts but this document
just suggests that they couldn't be
mistaken because the truth is here in
black and white just spell out to us how
serious that is but I think this is very
serious it is very serious that the post
office was sitting on information that
told them and could have told the courts
and their sub postmasters that other
people could access their systems
fujitsu was also sitting on information
the judge was so worried about the
evidence for Jitsu witnesses had given
in other post office cases he referred
the matter to the Director of Public
Prosecutions Fujitsu says it takes the
judgment very seriously and is
conducting a thorough process to review
the court statements the post office has
launched a scheme it says offers redress
for those who may have experienced
shortfalls its new leadership is
promising fundamental change and greater
transparency
[Music]
so what about the woman who was in
charge of the post office for so long
Paul of enols left the organization last
year and was given a CBE by the
government and two new jobs but the
government has now turned against her
there's no question that the post office
management at the time behaved
disgracefully none of them are now in
position
officials were misled but by the post
office of the information provided was
was not correct Paul of enols declined
to be interviewed but said it was and
remains a source of great regret the
colleagues and their families were
affected over so many years she's truly
sorry
we were unable to find a solution or
resolution and for the distress this
caused
but she hasn't answered any of our
questions hello miss rennolds it's Nick
Wallis from the panorama program this
conversation is being filmed I'd like to
ask you some questions about your tenure
as chief executive of the post office no
I would like to ask you why the post
office knew about remote access to the
horizon system this is one of the
biggest frustrations about covering this
story for so long the consistent refusal
of the chief executive and the people at
the top to answer serious questions
about what's been happening I think the
post masters deserve better than that
[Music]
MPs have demanded answers from Paula
phenols and politicians on both sides of
the house want a public inquiry people
went to prison people's livelihoods were
lost and some of the victims ended their
lives that is enough for a judge led
public inquiry I've never heard of
anything like it at all
we're a government-owned organization
attacked on the basis of false evidence
the integrity of so many pillars of the
community it's it's a quite
extraordinary story has there been a
cover-up I believe that there has been
and it's probably still going on the
postmasters won't stop until they get to
the truth they're being lying Noor just
ELISA Postmaster to everybody they've
been lying from day one
I want to see somebody be held
accountable for what's happened because
you can't go you can't create its kind
of injustice some people and then just
walk away with it scot-free
a much-loved national institution has
become a national disgrace and hundreds
of lives have been shattered by the
scandal at the post office
[Music]
you
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