Communication Types of Models, Principles & Misconceptions
Summary
TLDRThis script explores three fundamental models of communication: linear, interactive, and transactional. It emphasizes the importance of feedback in the interactive model and simultaneous message exchange in the transactional model. The script debunks common misconceptions, such as the belief that communication is solely verbal or that it always resolves issues. It highlights five key principles of communication, including its intentional or unintentional nature, irreversibility, and contextual influence, while stressing the need for continuous improvement in communication skills.
Takeaways
- 🔁 The linear model views communication as one-way, from sender to receiver without feedback.
- 🔄 The interactive model sees communication as two-way, including a feedback loop and considering noise and context.
- 🤝 The transactional model perceives communication as simultaneous, where participants are both senders and receivers.
- 💬 Communication can be both intentional and unintentional, emphasizing that nonverbal cues also convey messages.
- ⏳ Communication is irreversible; once a message is sent, it cannot be taken back, similar to opening Pandora's box.
- 📽 Each communication event is unique and unrepeatable, influenced by the context and environment.
- 🌐 Communication is contextual, governed by the rules and norms of different cultures and situations.
- 🗣️ Meaning is not solely in words; nonverbal communication and relationship dynamics also play a crucial role.
- 🚫 More communication is not always better; sometimes, less is more, and silence can be a powerful tool.
- 🤔 Communication is not a simple process; it is complex and can sometimes lead to misunderstandings or conflicts.
Q & A
What are the three basic models of communication discussed in the script?
-The three basic models discussed are the linear model, the interactive model, and the transactional model.
How does the linear model of communication view the communication process?
-The linear model views communication as a one-way process where a message is encoded by the source, sent through a channel, and decoded by the receiver without feedback.
What is the main difference between the interactive and linear models?
-The interactive model includes a feedback loop, accounting for two-way communication, whereas the linear model does not include feedback.
What does the term 'behaves' in the interactive model of communication signify?
-The term 'behaves' signifies that communication can be both intentional and unintentional, allowing for a broader understanding of how messages are conveyed.
How does the transactional model differ from the other two models?
-The transactional model views communication as occurring simultaneously, where participants are both senders and receivers at the same time, creating a relationship through the exchange of messages.
What is the revised definition of communication according to the transactional model?
-Communication is defined as a continuous, transactional process involving participants operating within specific contexts, creating a relationship by simultaneously sending and receiving messages via channels, often distorted by noise.
What are the five principles of communication mentioned in the script?
-The five principles are: communication can be intentional or unintentional, it is inescapable, it is irreversible, it is unrepeatable, and it is contextual.
Why is it said that communication is inescapable?
-Communication is inescapable because even the act of not responding to a message is a form of communication in itself, conveying a certain stance or attitude.
What misconception about communication is the idea that 'more is better'?
-The misconception that 'more is better' suggests that increased communication always leads to better outcomes, which is not true as sometimes less communication or carefully chosen words are more effective.
Why is the idea that communication will solve all problems considered a myth?
-This is a myth because while communication is crucial, it is not a panacea. There are times when understanding each other perfectly still does not prevent disagreement or conflict.
What does the script suggest about the ability to communicate effectively?
-The script suggests that effective communication is not an innate ability but a skill that can be improved upon through understanding and practice.
What is the role of context in communication according to the script?
-Context plays a significant role in communication as it governs the rules and norms within which communication occurs, affecting how messages are interpreted and responded to.
Outlines
📚 Communication Models Overview
This paragraph introduces three fundamental models of communication: the linear, interactive, and transactional models. The linear model is depicted as a one-way process where the sender encodes a message, sends it through a channel, and the receiver decodes it without feedback. The Berlo SMCR model is mentioned as an example. The interactive model is two-way, including a feedback loop, and considers noise, multiple channels, and context. The transactional model is described as simultaneous communication between participants, emphasizing the creation of a relationship and the continuous nature of the process. The paragraph also presents a revised definition of communication as a transactional process involving multiple channels and contexts, affected by noise.
🤔 Principles and Misconceptions of Communication
The second paragraph delves into five principles of communication: intentionality and unintentionality, irreversibility, unrepeatability, and contextuality. It explains that communication is inescapable, irreversible once sent, and unique to each event. The paragraph also addresses five common misconceptions about communication, such as the belief that meanings are solely in words, the assumption that more communication is always better, the idea that communication solves all problems, the oversimplification of communication, and the myth that humans are naturally effective communicators. The paragraph concludes with a quiz to test understanding and emphasizes the importance of recognizing and adjusting communication to increase its effectiveness.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Communication Models
💡Linear Model
💡Interactive Model
💡Transactional Model
💡Feedback Loop
💡Noise
💡Context
💡Intentional and Unintentional Communication
💡Irreversible Communication
💡Unrepeatable Communication
💡Communication Misconceptions
Highlights
Introduction to three basic communication models: linear, interactive, and transactional.
Linear model described as one-way communication with no feedback.
The interactive model includes a feedback loop, recognizing two-way communication.
Transactional model views communication as simultaneous, affecting the relationship between participants.
The Berlo SMCR model as an example of the linear model.
Behaviors replaces encodes to account for both intentional and unintentional communication.
Noise and multiple channels are considered in the interactive model.
Context plays a significant role in communication models.
Communication is defined as a continuous, transactional process involving simultaneous sending and receiving.
Communication can be intentional or unintentional, and it is inescapable.
Once communication is sent, it is irreversible and unrepeatable.
Communication is contextual and governed by cultural and environmental rules.
Misconception that meanings are in words, ignoring nonverbal communication.
The belief that more communication is always better is debunked.
Communication is not a simple process and can be complex.
The myth that humans are born with the ability to communicate effectively is addressed.
Communication skills can be improved, and effectiveness is not inherent.
A quiz to test understanding of the communication models and principles discussed.
Encouragement to adjust communication strategies for increased effectiveness based on model understanding.
Transcripts
now that you have a basic understanding
of how a message gets from a source or a
sender to a receiver let's focus now on
three different communication models and
the differences amongst them as well as
some of the principles and
misconceptions surrounding communication
the three basic models that you're
likely to read about and you may have
different terminology form depending
upon the textbook or the instructor
are the linear the interactive and the
transactional model we'll start with the
linear model of communication
that treats communication as one way
communication is action or message
transfer i communicate to you
end of story we used to think that
television was this way that television
shows would come from the networks and
it would stop with the audience and
nothing would ever happen as a way to
communicate back
source encodes a message sends it
through a channel where it's decoded by
a receiver
and depending upon which model you're
looking at it might include noise in
there but regardless there's no feedback
you'll recognize this as the berlo smcr
model the interactive model on the other
hand views communication as two-way
it is message exchange so this takes
into account the feedback loop by adding
the second arrow on the bottom of it so
it includes feedback in this model it
changed the word encodes to behaves to
allow for both intentional and
unintentional communication added the
concepts of noise multiple channels and
took into account context a third model
came about and they call that the
transactional model this model views
communication as occurring
simultaneously
that between you and me or the
participants in a communication event
you create a message and it affects the
relationship this is viewed by several
as the most realistic now you can really
see the transactional model in play in
for example a conversation in a
conversation you are both a sender and
receiver but you are a sender and a
receiver at exactly the same time as you
were talking to your friend your friend
is nodding laughing crying
so while you are a source of the message
you are also at exactly the same time
the receiver of a message
that leads us to a revised definition of
communication as a continuous
transactional process involving
participants operating within specific
contexts where they create a
relationship by simultaneously sending
and receiving messages via channels many
of those messages being distorted by
noise
so it involves creating a relationship
it's transactional in this case because
it's talking about simultaneous sending
and receiving messages using channels
plural rather than a single channel
and it takes into account context and
noise
let's talk about principles and
misconceptions of communication starting
with five principles
the first is one that's pretty easy to
understand and that is that
communication can be intentional or
unintentional that's pretty obvious
that's why we changed encodes to behaves
to take into account that we do not
always intentionally send a message and
sometimes we try not to send a message
this is kind of a little scary if you
think about it it is impossible not to
communicate or you cannot not
communicate meaning that communication
is inescapable if you get spam in your
email box and you don't respond to that
message because you don't want to let
the sender know that it's a valid email
address
then the very act of not sending a
message is communicating that it's not a
valid email address
you're communicating all the time what
you wear your facial expressions all of
those communicate you cannot not
communicate
you can also consider that communication
is irreversible you can't take it back
once it's out there it's out there it's
like opening pandora's box once you open
the box and the demons come out you
can't take the demons and stuff them
back into the box communication is also
unrepeatable
you are watching this video right now
and you're getting information this time
if you watch it again it'll be a
different communication event a really
obvious example is let's say you go see
a movie in a movie theater and you
really really like the movie you thought
it was a really funny movie so you get
your friends to watch the movie and this
time you decide that you're going to do
it at your house it's the same movie but
now all of a sudden instead of it being
the really hilariously funny movie it
was in the movie theater
you feel that it was kind of
awkward perhaps some of it's offensive
to you the actors are saying their lines
the same way they're dressed the same
way but the communication event is
different it's unique you cannot repeat
the communication
and we've already alluded to this last
one that communication is contextual
meaning that it's governed by rules that
there are multiple rules in cultures and
environments and again you've
manipulated this if you've ever chosen
to break up with a romantic partner in a
restaurant because you are under the
assumption that given that context that
person is not likely to get upset yell
and scream
before i address the misconceptions of
communication let me remind you that
each professor and each textbook covers
this section differently they may have
different word choice different axioms
but the underlying concepts are the same
we're going to talk about five and myths
five things that people often believe
about communication that are not true
the first has to do with meanings are in
words
that's the concept that what you say is
what you mean
implies that if you don't say it it
doesn't get communicated and that's not
necessarily a good thing because that
means that nonverbal messages do not
exist and we all know that that's not
true
a second concern has to do with the fact
that we are using words words are
symbols for something else and we all
learn the meaning of the words and so
the meaning then is in people not in the
actual words that are being used
additionally implies that once you've
said something you've communicated it
that as long as you put it into words
then the meaning has been communicated
which means that the sender or the
source of a message is completely
responsible for the effective
communication when in fact the receiver
does have a lot to do with whether
communication is effective or not more
is also communicated than just content
because it communicates about
relationships about status whether you
like the person or not so meaning is
definitely not in the words we don't
just communicate with words
a second misconception is some people
believe that if some is good more is
better and that's not true either i'm
sure there have been times that you wish
you'd shut up talking a long time ago
more communication is not better in fact
sometimes
less is more and at other times not
saying something is a whole lot better
than saying something you might regret
later
some people believe that communication
will solve all problems in fact a very
famous quote is from the movie cool hand
luke that says what we have here is a
failure to communicate which implies
that in order to communicate effectively
and to get along well we just have to
understand each other
there are times that i can completely
understand you and you can completely
understand me but we still disagree
communication is not a panacea it
doesn't solve everything some people
will say that communication is very
simple you know that's not the case
we've just talked about the model you
can see that it's endlessly complex it's
very complicated in fact osmo weo a
scandinavian communication scholar says
amongst other things that if
communication can fail it will and if a
message can be understood in different
ways it will be understood in just the
way that does the most harm
communication is definitely not simple
the fifth myth is that as human beings
we were born with the ability to
communicate that we are just effective
communicators that's definitely not true
we can all improve our communication
ability to become more effective
communicators
it's grayed out because when it comes to
whether we enjoy communication our
apprehension levels about communication
that may be rooted in our dna as well as
in other areas it's a question of the
nature or nurture but we're not going to
get into that right now because later in
the semester we will cover this
so it's quiz time now first what
differentiates the interactive model
from the linear model of communication
there's several concepts in this one
when the term encodes was changed to
behaves which of the principles of
communication was that to accommodate
and then finally which principle or
misconception of communication in this
lecture was a relatively new concept for
you that you hadn't thought of before
now that you have a better understanding
of what communication is and the various
elements in the model you'll be able to
adjust your communication to increase
its effectiveness
understanding what communication is and
how it works is the first step to
becoming a more effective communicator
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