Fat-Soluble Vitamins (Chapter 11)
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the world of fat-soluble vitamins, focusing on their roles, sources, and effects on health. It explains how vitamin A, crucial for vision, reproduction, and growth, is found in animal foods and as beta carotene in plants. Vitamin D, essential for calcium absorption and bone health, is synthesized by the body and activated through hydroxylation. Vitamin E acts as a potent antioxidant, while vitamin K aids in blood clotting and directing calcium to bones. The script also addresses deficiencies and toxicities associated with these vitamins, highlighting the importance of balance in maintaining optimal health.
Takeaways
- 🌱 Vitamin A comes in various forms, including active forms like retinal esters and retinoic acid, and a precursor called beta carotene found in plant foods.
- 👶 Vitamin A plays a crucial role in reproduction and growth, aiding in sperm development, fetal development, and bone remodeling in children.
- 👀 Vitamin A is essential for maintaining vision as it is involved in the process of light hitting the retina and triggering an electrical impulse to the brain.
- 🌙 A deficiency in vitamin A can lead to night blindness, where the eyes struggle to adjust to darkness, and potentially total blindness if the cornea hardens due to lack of mucus.
- 🛡️ Vitamin A acts as an antioxidant, primarily in the form of beta carotene, to fight against free radicals.
- 🦴 Vitamin D is critical for bone health as it helps the body absorb calcium. It can be synthesized by the body in response to sunlight and needs to be activated through two hydroxylation reactions.
- 🚫 Vitamin D deficiency is common and can lead to bone diseases like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by weak bones.
- 🍽️ Vitamin E serves as a primary antioxidant in the body, protecting cells from damage. Deficiencies can make red blood cells more susceptible to breaking.
- ⚔️ Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting and directing calcium to deposit into bones. It is produced in the body by beneficial bacteria in the intestines and can also be found in green leafy vegetables.
- 🩸 Newborn infants are often given a vitamin K injection at birth to prevent bleeding issues since their bodies have not yet developed the bacteria necessary for vitamin K production.
- ⚠️ Excessive vitamin A can cause bone weakness and birth defects, while too much vitamin D can lead to calcium deposits in tissues, potentially hardening blood vessels.
Q & A
What are the different forms of vitamin A?
-There are three active forms of vitamin A known as retinal esters, which include retinol, and two other forms are retinal and retinoic acid. Additionally, there is a precursor called beta carotene, found in plant foods, which the body can convert into vitamin A.
How does beta carotene convert into vitamin A within the body?
-Beta carotene is split within the body, and if it splits straight down the middle, it can produce two molecules of vitamin A. However, this doesn't often happen, and usually, it only produces one molecule of vitamin A, making it less efficient than the direct forms of vitamin A.
What are the main dietary sources of beta carotene?
-Beta carotene is found in plant foods, particularly those with an orange pigment such as carrots, squash, and pumpkin.
What are some of the roles of vitamin A in the human body?
-Vitamin A plays roles in reproduction and growth, bone remodeling, acting as an antioxidant, and maintaining vision. It is also essential for the health of cells that produce mucus, which keeps cells moist and functional.
How does vitamin A contribute to vision?
-Vitamin A, attached to a protein in the retina, changes structure when light hits it, triggering an electrical impulse that sends the image to the brain. This process requires a constant supply of vitamin A to replace the molecule that breaks off after stimulating the electrical impulse.
What is night blindness and how is it related to vitamin A deficiency?
-Night blindness is a condition that develops due to a vitamin A deficiency, affecting the retina's ability to adjust to darkness and recover from a bright light flash. It impairs the retina's function in converting light into electrical impulses for vision.
What is the process of vitamin D production and activation in the body?
-Vitamin D is produced in the skin from cholesterol through exposure to sunlight and then activated through two hydroxylation reactions, one in the liver and another in the kidneys, to form the active form of the vitamin.
Why is vitamin D important for bone health?
-Vitamin D is crucial for bone health because it helps the body absorb calcium by facilitating the production of a protein that calcium needs to bind to for absorption. Without vitamin D, calcium would not be absorbed properly, leading to weak bones.
What are the potential health issues related to vitamin D deficiency?
-Vitamin D deficiency can lead to conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, both characterized by weak bones due to inadequate calcium absorption.
How does vitamin E function in the body?
-Vitamin E primarily acts as an antioxidant, protecting the body's cells from damage by neutralizing free radicals. It is one of the strongest antioxidants and plays a vital role in the body's defense system.
What is the primary role of vitamin K and how does it help with bone health?
-Vitamin K's primary role is to help blood clot, preventing excessive bleeding. It also helps maintain bone health by directing calcium to deposit into bones, where it is needed, by producing a protein that acts as a magnet for calcium.
Why are vitamin K deficiencies rare, and what is the concern for newborn infants regarding vitamin K?
-Vitamin K deficiencies are rare because the body produces half of what it needs with the help of bacteria in the intestines. Newborn infants, however, need an injection of vitamin K at birth because their bodies have not yet developed the bacteria necessary to produce it, and mother's milk lacks sufficient vitamin K.
Outlines
🥕 Understanding Vitamin A: Forms, Functions, and Food Sources
This paragraph delves into the intricacies of Vitamin A, highlighting its various forms including retinal esters and retinoic acid, which are active forms, and beta carotene, a precursor found in plant foods like carrots and pumpkins. The role of Vitamin A in reproduction, growth, bone remodeling, and as an antioxidant is discussed. The paragraph also explains how Vitamin A is crucial for maintaining vision by interacting with a protein in the retina. A deficiency can lead to night blindness, while an excess can cause bone weakness and birth defects. The importance of a steady supply of Vitamin A for the retina's function is emphasized.
👀 The Impact of Vitamin A Deficiency on Vision and Cellular Health
The second paragraph focuses on the consequences of Vitamin A deficiency on vision, leading to conditions like night blindness and potentially total blindness if the cornea is affected. It also discusses the role of Vitamin A in maintaining cellular health, particularly the cells that produce mucus to keep tissues moist and flexible. A deficiency can cause these cells to dry up and harden, a process known as keratinization, affecting not only the skin but also the cells lining the digestive system, which can lead to nutrient absorption issues and increased vulnerability to infections.
🌞 Vitamin D Synthesis, Activation, and Its Crucial Role in Bone Health
This paragraph explores Vitamin D, its synthesis from cholesterol in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, and its activation through two hydroxylation reactions in the liver and kidneys. Vitamin D's primary role in bone health is underscored, as it aids in calcium absorption, which is essential for strong bones. A deficiency in Vitamin D can result in conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by weak bones due to poor calcium absorption. The paragraph also touches on the rarity of Vitamin D toxicity and its potential effects on calcium deposition in tissues.
🛡️ Vitamin E: The Body's Primary Antioxidant and Its Health Implications
Vitamin E is introduced as the body's primary antioxidant, protecting cells from damage. The paragraph outlines the rare occurrences of Vitamin E deficiency and toxicity, with a deficiency potentially leading to red blood cell damage and an increased risk of hemolysis. The importance of maintaining a balanced intake of Vitamin E for overall health is highlighted.
🩸 Vitamin K: Clotting and Directing Calcium for Bone Health
Vitamin K's role in blood clotting and directing calcium to bones is detailed in this paragraph. It explains that Vitamin K is produced by beneficial bacteria in the intestines and is also found in green leafy vegetables. The importance of Vitamin K for newborns, who often receive an injection due to the lack of bacteria and thus Vitamin K production in the sterile womb, is emphasized. The paragraph also discusses the potential interaction between Vitamin K and anticoagulant medications, cautioning against excessive intake in such cases.
👶 Vitamin K in Newborns and Its Interaction with Anticoagulant Medications
The final paragraph focuses on the unique considerations for Vitamin K in newborns, who require an injection at birth due to the absence of the bacteria necessary for Vitamin K synthesis. It also addresses the potential risks of Vitamin K intake for individuals on anticoagulant medications, as Vitamin K's clotting properties can counteract the effects of these drugs, potentially leading to health complications.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Fat-Soluble Vitamins
💡Vitamin A
💡Beta Carotene
💡Reproduction and Growth
💡Antioxidant
💡Vision
💡Night Blindness
💡Vitamin D
💡Hydroxylation
💡Vitamin E
💡Vitamin K
Highlights
Vitamin A has three active forms: retinal esters and retinoic acid, and a precursor, beta carotene, which is converted into vitamin A in the body.
Beta carotene, found in plant foods like carrots and squash, gives an orange pigment and is less efficient in converting to vitamin A compared to direct forms.
Vitamin A plays a crucial role in reproduction, growth, bone remodeling, acting as an antioxidant, and maintaining vision.
The retina contains a protein attached to vitamin A, which changes structure upon light exposure to trigger an electrical impulse for vision.
Vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness, affecting the retina's ability to adjust to darkness and recover from bright light flashes.
A severe vitamin A deficiency can cause the cornea to harden, leading to total blindness by preventing light from entering the eye.
Vitamin A helps maintain cell health, particularly in mucus-producing cells, to keep them moist and functioning properly.
Vitamin A toxicity can cause weak bones and major birth defects, highlighting the importance of moderation in vitamin A intake.
Vitamin D can be obtained from food, sunlight exposure, or body synthesis, and requires activation through two hydroxylation reactions.
Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health, as it helps produce the protein needed for calcium to bind and be absorbed.
Vitamin D deficiency is common due to limited food sources and reduced sunlight exposure, potentially leading to bone diseases like rickets and osteomalacia.
Vitamin E acts as a potent antioxidant, protecting cells from damage, with deficiencies potentially weakening red blood cells.
Vitamin K, found in green leafy vegetables and synthesized by gut bacteria, aids in blood clotting and directing calcium deposition into bones.
Vitamin K helps prevent excessive bleeding by promoting blood clotting and supports bone health by guiding calcium to bone tissue.
Newborn infants are at risk for vitamin K deficiency and typically receive an injection to ensure adequate levels for blood clotting.
Vitamin K toxicity is rare, with no upper limit identified, but caution is advised for those on anticoagulant medication due to its blood clotting properties.
Transcripts
chapter 11 is going to be about the fat
soluble vitamins the first fat soluble
vitamin is vitamin A now vitamin A has
lots of different forms we have three
active forms of vitamin A which we call
retinal esters those are red and all
right and now and retinoic acid and then
we have a precursor of vitamin A which
is called beta carotene that means that
it's not an actual active vitamin A but
when beta carotene enters the body it's
converted into vitamin A if you take a
look here you see the three retinal
esters which we set our active vitamin A
they're all at the top and look pretty
similar and then if you look at the one
at the bottom you have beta carotene now
if we split beta carotene straight down
the middle it's going to look pretty
much like the retinal esters that we
have at the top there so that's usually
how this is going to go so beta carotene
will enter the body and then it will be
split if it gets split down the middle
it'll make two vitamin A if it gets
split somewhere else it will only make
one it doesn't split straight down the
middle very often so it usually doesn't
make two it's less efficient at making
the vitamin A but it does convert up to
some degree now we also have different
roles depending on the type of vitamin A
and different sources the three retinal
esters we can find in animal foods but
beta carotene can only be found in plant
foods and beta carotene is what gives
that orange pigment so it's going to be
found in things like carrots squash
pumpkin those types of foods are going
to be rich in beta-carotene and then
when they enter the body they can
convert to the other forms of vitamin A
so let's go ahead and take a look at the
you different roles now one of the main
roles of vitamin A is reproduction and
growth starting off with the man the
vitamin A is going to help with healthy
sperm development so that the sperm can
actually fertilize an egg now if the
woman becomes pregnant it's also going
to help with the development of the baby
throughout the pregnancy and even after
the baby is born it's going to help with
the process we call bone remodeling if
you remember we mentioned that bones go
through somewhat of a turnover process
just like muscles do where they undo
their structure and then rebuild to take
on a new shape a new form to be stronger
and bigger bones do something like this
throughout life specially during the
period where a child is growing and the
bones are growing longer and vitamin A
helps with this role because it helps
break down the bone structure so that it
can be rebuilt to a newer different
shaped bone another role for vitamin A
is that it is going to act as an
antioxidant so it will fight free
radicals and this is going to be
primarily in the form of beta carotene
one other really important role is the
role it has in maintaining your vision
so let's go ahead and look at how that
actually happens so before we talk about
vitamins a's role in vision let's go
ahead and learn a little bit about how
our eyes function in the first place to
allow us to see an image so here you
have a picture of an eye and it shows
you that the very outer layer of the eye
is called the cornea what happens is
when you look at something the light is
going to pass your cornea in order to
enter your eye and then it's going to
hit the back of your eye which we call
the retina now in the retina this is
going to be where vitamin A is going to
play its role because the retina has a
protein
that is attached to vitamin A and when
light hits this protein the protein is
going to flip and change structure and
since vitamin A is attached to it
the vitamin A will also flip so at this
point when this change happens to the
protein and vitamin A structure that's
going to trigger an electrical impulse
which will send the image to your brain
and you're able to see the image this is
going to happen every single time you
look at something and the reason that we
need to keep consuming vitamin A is
because when we get to the part where
your retina is receiving the light and
the protein located in the retina is
changing structure along with the
vitamin A once the vitamin A changes
structure and stimulates that electrical
impulse it actually drops off it breaks
off of the protein and is released and
we need to then replenish and the
vitamin A so we constantly need to have
a supply of vitamin A so that every time
we view an image that vitamin A breaks
off of the retina we can attach another
vitamin A there so that we can see the
image so that we can see the next image
now if you have let's say that you have
an issue with the vitamin A supply
you're not getting our state vitamin A
supply and it starts to affect the
replenishing rate in your retina so you
see something the vitamin A drops off
but we don't replace that vitamin A
quickly enough because you're not
getting a steady supply of vitamin A
what will happen is what we call night
blindness so when you have a vitamin A
deficiency that's affecting your retina
you're going to develop night blindness
which is basically when
you look at something in the dark
normally once it gets dark it takes your
eyes a few seconds to adjust and you're
able to see a little bit better
people with night blindness don't adjust
as well or at all once the lights are
off also if you were to flash a bright
light at someone it usually blinds them
for a couple of seconds and then they're
able to see again
for someone who has night blindness it
takes them a lot longer to recover from
that flash of light now another thing
can happen if you have a deficiency of
vitamin A or you just don't have a
steady supply of vitamin A and that is
it can actually start to affect your
cornea now one of the other roles of
vitamin A that we're going to discuss in
more detail in a second is that it helps
to keep your cells healthy in particular
the cells that form mucus mucus is
something that keeps the cells moist so
that they can be flexible they can allow
things to enter and leave and if the
cells don't have that mucus these cells
will dry up and become really hard and
things can't permeate through them and
those cells can't function properly now
if you have a deficiency of vitamin A
that can actually happen to your cornea
where your cornea dries up and becomes
extremely hard to the point where
nothing can penetrate your eye because
remember the cornea is the very outer
layer so what will happen is your cornea
hardens up when you look at something
and the light is trying to enter your
eye it will not be able to enter and so
you won't be able to see at all so if
you have a vitamin A deficiency that's
affecting your retina the vitamin A
located in your retina then the person
will develop night blindness if they
have a vitamin A deficiency affecting
the cornea
you will have total blindness because
the light won't be able to enter at all
this is the role that I was referring to
where vitamin A helps keep the cells
moist by keeping the cells producing
mucus now in the picture that you see
here we have on the left a picture of a
cell membrane where the cells are plump
and moist because there is enough
vitamin A now if the person was
deficient in vitamin A those cells are
going to start to harden up they're
going to start to dry up and shrink to
the point where they no longer function
and that's what you see in the second
picture there on the far right
if the cells do dry up and shrink
because of a lack of moisture we call
that keratinization so this can happen
in an outward way where the skin becomes
extremely dry and scaly but it can also
happen in a less obvious way where it
starts to affect the cells in your
digestive system if you remember we said
the nutrients get absorbed into the
small intestine by absorbing into the
cells that line the intestinal wall if
those cells dried up and stopped
functioning then your nutrients wouldn't
be able to penetrate they wouldn't be
able to absorb into those cells anymore
so one thing that can happen is as your
nutrients past your intestine if the
intestine has all of these dry hardened
cells the nutrients are not going to be
absorbed properly so you can end up with
deficiencies because of this this is a
picture of the keratinization that
presents itself on the skin so as you
can see it's a very extreme version of
very dry rough bumpy skin so here we
have
other deficiency conditions that can
happen we already talked about the two
at the bottom the night blindness and
the total blindness but another thing
that can also happen is being more
vulnerable to infectious diseases
vitamin A toxicity czar things that can
happen since we are now talking about
fat soluble vitamins remember fat
soluble vitamins are stored in our
bodies so it's very easy to develop
toxicity from them now we said that
vitamin A is important for our bone
remodeling because it helps break down
the bone so it can rebuild but if you
have too much vitamin A your bones will
basically start breaking down at a
faster rate than rebuilding and you can
end up with really weak bones another
thing that it can do is it can actually
cause major birth defects if a mother
takes a lot of vitamin A during her
pregnancy doctors will usually even
advise you to stop using cosmetic creams
that have vitamin A
you
when it comes to getting too much
vitamin A in the form of beta-carotene
that's something that we're not really
too concerned about because the
conversion rate that our body has when
we're burning to converting
beta-carotene to vitamin A is actually
not that efficient so even if you
consume a bunch of beta-carotene it's
probably not going to convert to enough
vitamin A for toxicity to develop if it
did the most common way it would present
itself is by altering the color of your
skin
since beta-carotene has that orange
yellow pigment that can start to show up
in the individuals skin
now if the toxicity was to the point
where it was really extreme let's say
the individual was taking extreme
amounts of beta carotene supplements
what can happen is the antioxidant
function of beta carotene will actually
become the opposite when you have too
much of an antioxidant it turns into
what we call a pro-oxidant a pro-oxidant
is something that promotes free radical
production instead of fighting free
radicals this here shows us the
discoloration of skin that can happen
when beta carotene is consumed in excess
it's just a temporary condition that
will go away once the individual stops
consuming the large amounts of beta
carotene the next fat soluble vitamin is
vitamin D we can get vitamin D from
foods we can also get it from our body
manufacturing vitamin D now either way
regardless of how we which source we get
the vitamin D from the vitamin D needs
to be activated and the way that it's
going to be activated is by going
through two hydroxylation reactions
hydroxylation means
adding hydrogen and oxygen and that
needs to happen twice once in the liver
and then in the kidneys
after this vitamin D is active and can
go ahead and play its roles now this
over here is going to show us how our
body can go ahead and make vitamin D and
then how it's going to be activated so
we start off with the cholesterol that's
already in our body if you remember we
looked at cholesterol in the fat chapter
and we saw that the structure of
cholesterol is actually very close to
the structure of vitamin D and so we
actually use the cholesterol in your
body in your skin to convert it to
vitamin D and this is done by exposure
to the Sun so when your skin gets
exposed to sunlight the cholesterol in
your skin is going to be converted to a
form of vitamin D now when we get this
vitamin D from the body remember it
still needs to be activated just like if
we got the vitamin D from foods and
remember we said this is going to happen
through hydroxylation reactions which is
adding hydrogen and oxygen so we start
off with one hydroxylation reaction in
the liver and then another hydroxylation
reaction in the kidneys and finally we
have an active version of vitamin D so
again one more time our skin is exposed
to the sunlight the cholesterol in the
skin is going to convert to vitamin D
and then our body will activate vitamin
D through hydroxylation in the liver and
the kidney now that we know how vitamin
D is going to be activated let's go
ahead and take a look at what its role
is going to be once it is active now
that role is primarily helping our bones
calcium is
is going to be the main mineral that our
bones are composed of and without
vitamin D calcium is not able to be
absorbed and the way that this works is
that calcium needs to bind to a specific
protein in order for it to be absorbed
without being bound to this protein
calcium will just enter our body and
then leave through our urine vitamin D
helps to make this protein that calcium
needs to attach to so if you didn't have
vitamin D we wouldn't make that protein
and then calcium would have nothing to
bind to and it would just leave our body
so vitamin D is just as important as
calcium when it comes to your bone
health a lot of times people tend to
neglect vitamin D and just focus on
calcium but the calcium is just going to
leave your body if vitamin D isn't there
to help your body absorb it so if an
individual didn't get enough vitamin D
they can develop a deficiency even
though we said that fat soluble vitamins
are less likely to develop deficiencies
since our body stores it vitamin D
deficiency is actually very common and
one of the reasons for this is that it's
not really found in many food sources
it's pretty much in things like
fortified milk eggs salmon and those are
pretty much the main sources for vitamin
D so if an individual doesn't consume
those few sources they're not going to
get much vitamin D another reason is
these days we really don't get out in
the Sun as much as we used to so for
individuals who aren't getting out in
the Sun much and then don't consume
those few food sources they're not going
to be getting their vitamin D now some
individuals also might live in an area
where they don't get much sunlight
so in those cases they're going to
probably need to take a supplement so
the deficiency conditions that develop
when you lack vitamin D are going to
look very similar to calcium
deficiencies and again this is because
the main role of vitamin D is to help us
absorb calcium so if we're missing
vitamin D we're not going to absorb
calcium and our bones are going to
suffer and the two bone diseases are
called Ricketts and osteomalacia they
are both basically weak bones because
calcium is not being absorbed rickets is
the one that effects children and
osteomalacia is the condition that
affects adults vitamin D toxicity is not
as common as the deficiency but if it
does happen what it's going to do is
cause too much calcium to be absorbed
and if you have too much calcium in your
body it's going to start depositing in
your tissues since your bones already
have enough and if it deposits in your
tissues it can harden up things that we
actually need to be flexible for example
your blood vessels like your veins and
arteries
they need to be flexible so that the
blood can flow easily through them if
your blood vessels start to receive
calcium if they start to have calcium
deposits into them the blood vessels can
harden up and become really inflexible
which can really hinder the blood flow
we have vitamin E the main role for
vitamin E is to act as an antioxidant
it's actually the main antioxidant for
our body's defense it's one of the
strongest antioxidants both vitamin E
deficiencies and toxicities are fairly
rare
but if a deficiency were to develop
what's going to happen is your red blood
cells are going to be more vulnerable to
damage and they can start to weaken and
break and then release their contents
lastly we have our vitamin K now vitamin
K has two main sources those are going
to be your green leafy vegetables but
then also your body our body actually
makes vitamin K and this is using the
bacteria in our intestines
everybody has bacteria that naturally
forms in their body and some of that
bacteria is good bacteria and the ones
in our intestines can actually form
vitamin K so even if you're not getting
enough vitamin K from your foods your
body is still going to be making at
least half of the vitamin K that you
need the main role of vitamin K is to
help our blood clot when we get some
kind of wound or cut we want our blood
to be able to clot to prevent excessive
bleeding that could relieve that could
lead to a much bigger health concern and
vitamin K helps our blood do that
another role of vitamin K is helping our
bones remain healthy and the way that
it's going to do this is by directing
calcium to deposit into our bones
remember calcium doesn't necessarily
have to deposit into the bones it can
deposit into our tissue or go elsewhere
and so vitamin K is going to direct
vitamin K to deposit into our bones and
the way that it does this is it makes a
protein inside of the bone that kind of
acts like a magnet for calcium calcium
can bind onto this protein inside of our
bones and that way the calcium deposits
into the bone and not
elsewhere so if you think about the two
main the tooling vitamins that are going
to be helping direct calcium vitamin D
is going to be kind of like the
gatekeeper that lets calcium into our
body
let's calcium absorb and then vitamin K
is kind of like the traffic cop that's
directing calcium on where to go
when it comes to deficiencies and
toxicities deficiency is pretty rare
since our body already makes half of
what we need with the exception of
newborn infants newborn infants actually
need to receive an injection of vitamin
K when they're born and the reason for
this is because the mother's milk
doesn't contain sufficient vitamin K and
then also they're not receiving any from
their body because remember it's the
bacteria in our body that forms vitamin
K the baby is located in the very
sterile environment inside of the mother
until it's born and so once the baby is
born it's not going to have any bacteria
in its body so it's not going to be able
to make its own vitamin k once it is
exposed to the environment after birth
the bacteria will start to build up in
the infant's body and then the baby can
make its own vitamin k but as soon as
it's born it's going to need a vitamin k
injection toxicities are also not common
they actually don't even have an upper
limit for vitamin K because they haven't
seen any kind of negative effects from
getting too much now the one exception
is if you are taking anti blood clotting
medication or anticoagulants then you
might be concerned about the amount of
vitamin K that you consume and this is
because anticoagulants are given to
individuals who have a problem with
their blood clotting too much so we want
our blood to clot so that we can prevent
excessive bleeding but we don't want it
to clot excessively because that can
cause different health issues and it can
actually end up leading to death so we
sometimes give individuals anti blood
clotting medications if they do have
that issue now if you are taking a bunch
of vitamin K
vitamin K causes your blood to clot it
helps your blood to clot so if you
already have too much of blood clotting
and you're on medication to stop that
then you want to make sure that you're
not taking a bunch of vitamin K because
that's just going to defeat the purpose
of the medication that you're on
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