Fat Soluble Vitamins

Summary

This script delves into fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, highlighting their roles in bodily functions and potential for toxicity due to storage in fat tissues. It emphasizes the importance of vitamin A for vision and skin health, vitamin D for bone strength, vitamin E as an antioxidant, and vitamin K for blood clotting. The source of each vitamin and their deficiency symptoms are discussed, along with the unique ability of the body to produce vitamin D from sunlight.

Takeaways

• 🧡 Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K, which are stored in the body's fat tissues and do not require regular replacement.
• 👀 Vitamin A is crucial for the formation of visual purple, a pigment in the retina that allows seeing in dim light.
• 🛡️ Vitamin A also helps maintain healthy skin and provides resistance to infections, as well as supports growth and acts as an antioxidant.
• 🥩 Sources of Vitamin A include liver, milk, fish oils, and egg yolk, with beta-carotene found in red, yellow, and orange fruits and vegetables.
• 🚫 A deficiency in Vitamin A can lead to night blindness and dry skin, while an excess can cause fatigue, joint pain, and liver damage.
• ☀️ Vitamin D, also known as cholecalciferol, is linked to calcium and phosphorus absorption and is essential for strong bones.
• 🦴 A lack of Vitamin D can result in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by weak and soft bones.
• 🍳 Sources of Vitamin D include liver, egg yolk, oily fish, whole fat milk, cheese, and sunlight exposure.
• 🛡️ Vitamin E, or tocopherol, is an antioxidant that prevents oils from going rancid and helps maintain healthy nerves and muscles.
• 🥜 Vitamin E is found in liver, egg yolk, vegetable oils, nuts, and whole grains, and a deficiency can lead to hemolysis and nerve disease.
• 🩸 Vitamin K, or nectar quinone, is necessary for normal blood clotting, with sources including liver, vegetable oils, legumes, and green leafy vegetables.
• 💉 A Vitamin K deficiency can lead to uncontrolled bleeding, but toxicity is rare.

Q & A

What are fat-soluble vitamins and why are they different from other vitamins?

Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K. They are different because they dissolve in fat and can be stored in the body's fat tissues, unlike water-soluble vitamins which need regular replacement as they are not stored and are excreted from the body.

Why is it possible to have too much of fat-soluble vitamins?

Because fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body, there is a risk of accumulating too much of these vitamins, which can lead to toxicity.

What is the primary function of Vitamin A in relation to vision?

Vitamin A is essential for forming visual purple, a pigment in the retina of the eye that allows us to see in dim light.

How does Vitamin A contribute to skin health?

Vitamin A helps form and maintain healthy skin, which is why it is often included in skincare products like moisturizing creams.

What are some dietary sources of Vitamin A?

Dietary sources of Vitamin A include liver, milk, fish oils, and egg yolk. It is also found in the form of beta-carotene in red, yellow, and orange colored fruits and vegetables.

What are the consequences of a Vitamin A deficiency?

A deficiency in Vitamin A can lead to night blindness, dry and rough skin, and in severe cases, it can result in blindness.

What are the symptoms of Vitamin A toxicity?

Symptoms of Vitamin A toxicity can include fatigue, painful joints, birth defects, nausea, diarrhea, liver and nervous system damage, hair loss, and skin disorders.

How does Vitamin D relate to bone health?

Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are necessary for forming strong bones and teeth.

What are the effects of a Vitamin D deficiency in children and adults?

In children, a deficiency in Vitamin D can lead to rickets, characterized by soft and weak bones and bowed legs. In adults, it can cause osteomalacia, which is the softening and weakening of bones.

What is the role of Vitamin E as an antioxidant?

Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, preventing fats from oxidizing and going rancid. It also helps maintain healthy nerves and muscles.

What are some sources of Vitamin E?

Sources of Vitamin E include liver, egg yolk, vegetable oils, nuts, and whole grain foods such as brown bread or wholemeal bread.

What is the primary function of Vitamin K and its dietary sources?

Vitamin K is essential for normal blood clotting. It is found in liver, green leafy vegetables, vegetable oils, and legumes.

What happens if there is a deficiency in Vitamin K?

A deficiency in Vitamin K can lead to improper blood clotting, resulting in excessive bleeding from wounds.

Outlines

00:00

🌟 Fat-Soluble Vitamins Overview

This paragraph introduces fat-soluble vitamins, including A, D, E, and K, which are stored in body fat and can lead to toxicity if consumed in excess. Vitamin A is highlighted for its role in forming visual purple for night vision and maintaining healthy skin. Sources of vitamin A include liver, milk, fish oils, and egg yolks, with beta-carotene being a precursor found in colorful fruits and vegetables. The paragraph also covers the consequences of vitamin A deficiency, such as night blindness and dry skin, and toxicity, which can result in symptoms like fatigue and liver damage.

05:02

🌞 Vitamin D and Its Importance for Bone Health

The second paragraph delves into vitamin D, also known as cholecalciferol, which is crucial for calcium and phosphorus absorption and bone health. It explains that the human body can produce vitamin D through sun exposure, similar to plants producing chlorophyll. Dietary sources of vitamin D include liver, egg yolk, oily fish, whole fat milk, and cheese. The paragraph outlines the risks of vitamin D deficiency, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by weak and soft bones. It also mentions the potential for hypercalcemia due to excessive vitamin D, which can lead to hardened arteries and organs.

🛡️ Antioxidant Properties of Vitamin E

Vitamin E, or tocopherol, is the focus of this paragraph as an antioxidant that protects oils from going rancid and maintains the health of nerves and muscles. Sources of vitamin E include liver, egg yolk, vegetable oil, nuts, and whole grain foods. The paragraph describes the effects of vitamin E deficiency, such as hemolysis and anemia, and the potential for nerve disease. It also notes that excessive vitamin E intake can interfere with vitamin K absorption.

🩸 Vitamin K's Role in Blood Clotting

The final paragraph discusses vitamin K, or naphthoquinone, which is essential for normal blood clotting. It mentions that vitamin K can be obtained from liver, vegetable oils, legumes, and green leafy vegetables, and is also produced by bacteria in the large intestine. The paragraph explains the risk of uncontrolled bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency and assures that vitamin K toxicity is rare.

Keywords

💡Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins are a group of vitamins that include A, D, E, and K. They are called 'fat-soluble' because they dissolve in fat and can be stored in the body's fat tissues. In the video, it is explained that these vitamins do not require regular replacement and can lead to toxicity if consumed in excess. This concept is central to understanding the importance of moderation in vitamin intake.

💡Vitamin A

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in vision, skin health, and immune function. The video describes how it forms visual purple, a pigment in the retina that allows for night vision, and how a deficiency can lead to night blindness. It also highlights its presence in liver, milk, fish oils, and egg yolk, and its precursor, beta-carotene, found in red, yellow, and orange fruits and vegetables.

💡Visual Purple

Visual purple is a light-sensitive pigment in the retina that is essential for night vision. The script explains that it is formed with the help of vitamin A and is crucial for adjusting to dim light conditions. The concept is used to illustrate the direct impact of vitamin A on visual capabilities.

💡Beta-Carotene

Beta-carotene is a precursor to vitamin A found in colorful fruits and vegetables. The script mentions that the body can convert beta-carotene into vitamin A, emphasizing an alternative source of this essential nutrient. It also touches on its role in providing antioxidant benefits.

💡Vitamin D

Vitamin D, also known as cholecalciferol, is highlighted in the script for its strong link to calcium and phosphorus absorption, which are vital for bone health. The video explains that the body can produce vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight, a unique characteristic among vitamins.

💡Rickets

Rickets is a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin D in children, leading to soft and weak bones. The script uses rickets as an example to illustrate the consequences of insufficient vitamin D intake during childhood, including bowed legs and stunted growth.

💡Vitamin E

Vitamin E, or tocopherol, is an antioxidant that protects cells from damage. The video mentions its use in the oil industry to prevent oils from going rancid and its role in maintaining healthy nerves and muscles. It is also found in liver, egg yolk, vegetable oil, nuts, and whole grain foods.

💡Hemolysis

Hemolysis refers to the rupturing of red blood cells, which can occur due to a deficiency of vitamin E. The script explains that this process can lead to anemia, a condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body.

💡Vitamin K

Vitamin K, or naphthoquinone, is essential for normal blood clotting. The video emphasizes its presence in liver and green leafy vegetables, and its production by bacteria in the large intestine. A deficiency in vitamin K can result in uncontrolled bleeding from wounds.

💡Toxicity

Toxicity in the context of the video refers to the harmful effects that can occur when there is an excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins. The script warns of symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, and liver damage due to overconsumption of these vitamins, which can accumulate in the body.

💡Antioxidant

Antioxidants are substances that protect the body against damage from harmful molecules called free radicals. The script mentions vitamin A and vitamin E as antioxidants, which help prevent certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases by neutralizing these harmful molecules.

Highlights

Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K, which can be stored in the body's fat tissues and do not require regular replacement.

Excess fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity due to their storage capability in the body.

Vitamin A is crucial for forming visual purple, a pigment in the retina that allows seeing in dim light.

A deficiency in vitamin A can result in night blindness and potentially blindness.

Vitamin A contributes to healthy skin and is often included in skincare products.

Vitamin A also plays a role in resistance to infections, growth, development, and acts as an antioxidant.

Sources of vitamin A include liver, milk, fish oils, and egg yolk.

Beta-carotene, found in red, yellow, and orange fruits and vegetables, is a precursor to vitamin A.

Vitamin D, or cholecalciferol, is linked to calcium and phosphorus absorption and bone health.

Sunlight can stimulate the production of vitamin D in the skin, similar to plants producing chlorophyll.

A lack of vitamin D can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, both affecting bone strength.

Excessive vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia, causing hardening of arteries and organ damage.

Vitamin E, or tocopherol, acts as an antioxidant and is added to oils to prevent rancidity.

Vitamin E is essential for maintaining healthy nerves and muscles.

Sources of vitamin E include liver, egg yolk, vegetable oil, nuts, and whole grain foods.

A deficiency in vitamin E can cause hemolysis and anemia, as well as nerve disease.

Vitamin K, or phylloquinone, is necessary for normal blood clotting.

Sources of vitamin K include liver, vegetable oils, legumes, and green leafy vegetables.

A vitamin K deficiency can lead to uncontrolled bleeding from wounds due to impaired clotting.

Vitamin K toxicity is rare, and its normal dietary intake is generally safe.

Transcripts

now let's start with the fat soluble

vitamins

now fat soluble vitamins again are

vitamins a d e and k

they dissolve in the fat tissues in your

body

now because these vitamins can be stored

in the fats in your body they do not

need regular replacement

as a result of that you can actually

easily have too much of these vitamins

because it can store on your body and

because of that that can lead to

toxicity

now the first fat soluble vitamin we'll

look at is vitamin a

um

the functions of vitamin a the most

important ones remember are these two

that they can form visual purple which

is a pigment in the retina of your eye

which allows you to see in dim light so

if you look at this picture of your

eyeball

the retina is at the back of your

eyeball over here

now when you have enough vitamin a

you can form this

pigment called visual purple so

say for example you're in a bright room

and the lights suddenly turn out

when that happens the visual purple will

actually help you to adjust

in the dark light so you can actually

see

sort of in the dim light now if you

didn't have enough vitamin a your eyes

wouldn't adjust and so you you wouldn't

be able to see in dim light anymore just

be very dark so that's what vitamin

helps you to do

all right the second um function of

vitamin a is to

help form and maintain healthy skin so

that's why um vitamin a is put a lot

into

skincare creams like the ones that you

have for your

hand

so like if you see this

example over here it's a

moisturizing cream moisturizing hand

cream and you can see that they put in

vitamin a over here

okay third function is of vitamin a it

helps to

provide you resistance to infections

um it also helps to

helps for growth and development of your

body and also helps to act as an

antioxidant what you need to remember at

least is the first two of these

functions

where you get vitamin a from you

actually get it from

liver you get it from milk fish oils and

egg yolk now

you remember these two liver and egg egg

yolk because that is where

you get a lot of your vitamin u fat

soluble vitamins from

now vitamin a is quite special um it

also comes in this form called

beta-carotene now beta-carotene is the

the form of vitamin a that is found in

red yellow and orange colored fruit and

vegetables

so it's what it's called a precursor

so

when you get the vitamin a from these

vegetables your body is able to convert

the beta-carotene into vitamin a

vitamin a as it says here has very

strong powerful antioxidant

properties and that helps to prevent

against certain cancers and

cardiovascular diseases

okay now what happens if you don't have

enough vitamin a

in children it results in pure growth

and because vitamin a is needed for

healthy skin you actually get dry and

rough skin so you notice that the

functions of the vitamin actually

are related to the deficiency symptoms

because of course if you're not going to

get enough of the vitamin

um then the function is compromised so

when you don't have enough vitamin a

because it forms that visual purple you

also will get night blindness where you

cannot see in the night

now if you

have a very severe deficiency of vitamin

a it actually can lead to blindness

which is what happens to a lot of

children in third world countries

okay on the other hand what happens if

you have too much vitamin a you can have

all these symptoms you can fatigue

painful joints

birth defects in babies nausea diarrhea

liver and nervous system damage

you can get hair loss and you can also

again get skin disorders

and i gave you that example in class

about the polar bear about the person

who was

lost in the

in i think it was the south pole and he

didn't he came across a polar bear and

pulled their liver is really high in

vitamin a so he landed up eating it and

getting these toxicity symptoms and

dying

okay next fat soluble vitamin is vitamin

d it's also known as cholecalciferol

uh main thing is to just remember it's

vitamin d

now vitamin d is very strongly linked to

the mineral calcium and also the mineral

phosphorus

vitamin d is needed for you to actually

absorb calcium and phosphorus and all

these three are needed to form strong

bones and tea

um if you

don't get them from

if you don't get your vitamin d from

food sources your skin can actually

produce vitamin d when it absorbs

sunlight

that's something interesting to note

you're almost like a plant you know that

can produce chlorophyll when you to the

sun now where do you get vitamin d from

again notice that you're going to get

vitamin d from liver and egg yolk

but you also get vitamin d from other

you know fatty sort of foods such as

oily fish

from whole fat milk of course you're not

going to get vitamin d in low fat milk

because the fat's been taken out

get vitamin d from cheese

and

here is sunlight but for sunlight please

note it's not a food source okay

so that again egg yolk and liver

now what happens if you don't get enough

vitamin d

because you need vitamin d to form

strong bones and teeth

um you're going to get weak bones and

teeth from not having enough vitamin d

in children it's called rickets

rickets is when you have softened

soft and weak bones and in children it

results in bold legs so if you see this

picture over here you notice that their

legs aren't straight they're sort of

curved so that's that's a sign of

rickets these children because their

bones don't grow properly they also get

stunted growth

now in adults um if if their bones are

already formed properly in childhood but

as an adult if you don't get enough

vitamin d you get this thing called

osteomalacia now osteo means bone

that means bone here and when you don't

have enough vitamin d

osteomolasia is actually softening and

weakening of bones and adults

okay if you have too much vitamin d on

the other hand which can um occur due to

having too much calcium supplements you

get this thing called

hypercalcemia now hyper means a lot

so a lot of calcium

and that causes the hardening of the

arteries and organs because the calcium

is actually deposited in your arteries

and organs such as your liver and your

kidneys

all right

vitamin e

is the next one also known as tocopherol

now vitamin e is an antioxidant so

some oil manufacturers they'll actually

add vitamin e into oils to stop the oils

from going rancid

so instead of the the fats getting

oxidized it's actually the vitamin e

that gets oxidized within the oil

now vitamin e also helps to maintain

healthy nerves and muscles

where you get vitamin e from again

you're going to see it's from

liver and egg yolk but other than these

two you get them from vegetable oil you

get them from nuts nuts which are very

high in fats and you also get them from

whole grain foods such as brown bread

okay wholemeal bread

okay if you don't have enough vitamin e

you can get rupturing of your red blood

cells rupturing just means breaking

and

this

breaking of the red blood cells is known

as hemolysis

and when you don't have enough red blood

cells it it results in this thing called

anemia

and you can also get nerve disease

okay on the other hand if you have too

much vitamin e

you will not be able to absorb vitamin k

very well into your body

okay last fat soluble vitamin is vitamin

k nectar quinone

it's

now vitamin k you can remember it as

plot

you know spelt with a k oops plot

um and you need vitamin k for normal

blood clotting

where do you get vitamin a uh k from

again it's liver but this time no egg

yolks

oops this is the wrong picture here

ignore that okay you also get vitamin k

from vegetable oils legumes and green

leafy vegetables

good one to remember green leafy

vegetables has a lot of good vitamins in

it

vitamin k is also produced by the

bacteria that lives in your large

intestine okay but the ones to remember

here are liver and green leafy

vegetables

all right if you don't have enough

vitamin k because it's it's needed for

blood clotting then what's going to

happen is that when you get a wound it's

not going to stop bleeding so you won't

be able to your blood won't clot

properly

vitamin k toxicity is quite rare so you

don't have to worry about that

okay and that's the end of

fat soluble vitamins