Mekanisme Pernapasan Dada & Pernapasan Perut | Sistem Respirasi Pada Manusia

Summary

This script provides an in-depth explanation of the mechanisms of breathing, focusing on both chest (thoracic) and abdominal (diaphragmatic) respiration. It describes how air moves in and out of the lungs due to pressure differences, with inspiration occurring when air flows into the lungs and expiration when air is expelled. The role of intercostal muscles in chest breathing and diaphragm in abdominal breathing is discussed. Additionally, the script emphasizes that even after exhaling forcefully, the lungs never empty completely due to continuous blood circulation, ensuring oxygen remains available in the lungs for absorption.

Takeaways

• 😀 Breathing occurs continuously because it is controlled by the autonomic nervous system or conscious control.
• 😀 The process of air entering and exiting the lungs is influenced by air pressure differences between the lungs and the outside environment.
• 😀 When the air pressure outside the body is greater than the pressure in the lungs, air enters the lungs (inhalation).
• 😀 Conversely, when the air pressure inside the lungs is greater than the pressure outside, air moves out of the lungs (exhalation).
• 😀 Breathing can be classified into two types: chest breathing and abdominal breathing, depending on which muscles are involved.
• 😀 Chest breathing occurs due to the movement of the intercostal muscles between the ribs.
• 😀 Abdominal breathing occurs because of the diaphragm muscles, which separate the chest and abdominal cavities.
• 😀 During chest breathing, when the intercostal muscles contract, the ribcage expands, leading to a decrease in pressure within the chest cavity, allowing air to enter the lungs.
• 😀 During abdominal breathing, when the diaphragm contracts, it flattens, enlarging the chest cavity and causing a decrease in pressure, allowing air to enter the lungs.
• 😀 Even when we exhale forcefully, the lungs never become completely empty because blood continuously flows through the lungs, maintaining oxygen exchange.
• 😀 Millions of alveoli in the lungs inflate with air during inhalation and deflate during exhalation, like tiny balloons.

Q & A

What controls the process of breathing in the human body?

Breathing is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, which regulates the process without conscious effort.

How does air move during the process of breathing?

Air moves from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure. When the pressure inside the chest is lower than the outside pressure, air flows into the lungs (inspiration), and when the pressure inside is higher, air flows out of the lungs (expiration).

What is the process called when air moves from the outside into the lungs?

This process is called inspiration or inhalation.

What happens during expiration or exhalation?

During expiration, the air pressure inside the chest cavity becomes higher than the external pressure, causing air to be pushed out of the lungs.

What are the two types of breathing described in the script?

The two types of breathing are chest breathing and abdominal breathing.

How does chest breathing work?

In chest breathing, the intercostal muscles between the ribs contract, causing the ribs to rise and expand the chest cavity. This decreases the pressure inside the chest, allowing air to enter the lungs.

What role does the diaphragm play in abdominal breathing?

In abdominal breathing, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, expanding the chest cavity and allowing air to flow into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest cavity shrinks, and air is expelled.

Why do the lungs not empty completely during exhalation?

The lungs do not empty completely because blood is constantly circulating through the lungs to absorb oxygen, ensuring that some air remains in the lungs even after forceful exhalation.

What are alveoli, and what happens to them during breathing?

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs that fill with air during inspiration, resembling small balloons. During expiration, air leaves the alveoli, causing the balloons to shrink.

What is the significance of the pressure difference between the chest cavity and the external environment during breathing?

The pressure difference between the chest cavity and the external environment drives the flow of air. When the chest pressure is lower than the outside pressure, air enters the lungs; when the chest pressure is higher, air exits the lungs.