Ler descrição antes da aula! ANATOMIA TOPOGRAFICA DO TÓRAX - PARTE 4 - IRRIGAÇÃO DA PAREDE TORÁCICA

Summary

This class explores the arterial irrigation of the thoracic wall, focusing on the posterior and anterior intercostal arteries, and their anastomosis. The internal thoracic artery, originating from the subclavian artery, supplies the anterior thoracic wall, while the posterior intercostals come from the descending aorta. The video also highlights important branches like the superior thoracic, lateral thoracic, and subscapular arteries, each supplying distinct chest muscles and structures. Additionally, clinical relevance, such as the use of the internal thoracic artery in coronary bypass surgery, is briefly discussed. The class provides an in-depth look at the anatomy of the thoracic wall's vascular system.

Takeaways

• 😀 The class focuses on the irrigation of the thoracic wall, not the thoracic viscera like the lungs or heart.
• 😀 The irrigation of the thoracic wall includes the muscles, bones, joints, and skin of the thorax.
• 😀 The thoracic aorta, particularly the descending aorta, is a major source of the posterior intercostal arteries.
• 😀 The first two posterior intercostal arteries come from the costocervical trunk, not directly from the aorta.
• 😀 The posterior intercostal arteries pass below the ribs, in the costal groove, and anastomose with the anterior intercostal arteries.
• 😀 The internal thoracic artery (also called the mammary artery) originates from the subclavian artery and runs along the thorax, giving off anterior intercostal arteries.
• 😀 The internal thoracic artery divides into the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries, irrigating both the chest and abdominal regions.
• 😀 The posterior and anterior intercostal arteries form a collateral circulation pathway that can function depending on pressure differences.
• 😀 The arteries also supply cutaneous branches, such as the posterior and lateral cutaneous branches, which innervate skin and deeper structures of the thoracic wall.
• 😀 The subclavian artery gives rise to several important arteries for the chest wall, including the superior thoracic artery, lateral thoracic artery, and subscapular artery, which support both muscle and intercostal spaces.

Q & A

What is the focus of this class on topographic anatomy?

This class focuses on the irrigation of the thoracic wall, including the muscles, bones, joints, and skin, rather than the thoracic viscera such as the lungs and heart.

What is the origin of the first two posterior intercostal arteries?

The first two posterior intercostal arteries originate from the costocervical trunk, which comes from the subclavian artery, not directly from the descending aorta.

How do the posterior intercostal arteries interact with the anterior intercostal arteries?

The posterior intercostal arteries, originating from the descending aorta, anastomose with the anterior intercostal arteries, which are supplied by the internal thoracic artery. This creates a collateral circulation between the arteries.

What is the role of the internal thoracic artery in the thoracic wall irrigation?

The internal thoracic artery, also known as the mammary artery, supplies the anterior intercostal arteries and gives rise to branches like the musculophrenic artery, which also supplies blood to the diaphragm.

What is the function of the pericardial phrenic artery?

The pericardial phrenic artery is a branch of the internal thoracic artery that supplies blood to the pericardium and parts of the diaphragm.

What arteries supply the upper chest wall and some muscles of the thorax?

The superior thoracic artery from the subclavian artery supplies the first and second intercostal spaces, while the thoracoacromial trunk provides branches to the acromion, deltoid, clavicle, and pectoralis muscles.

What is the significance of the lateral thoracic artery in the thoracic wall?

The lateral thoracic artery, which originates from the subclavian artery, irrigates the serratus anterior muscle and intercostal muscles, while also following the long thoracic nerve.

How does the subscapular artery contribute to thoracic wall irrigation?

The subscapular artery, originating from the third portion of the subclavian artery, gives rise to the circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries, which supply the latissimus dorsi muscle and surrounding structures.

What is the role of the internal thoracic artery in myocardial revascularization?

The internal thoracic artery, also known as the mammary artery, is often used in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures as a natural vessel for bypassing blocked coronary arteries.

What anatomical structures are irrigated by the anterior intercostal arteries?

The anterior intercostal arteries, which originate from the internal thoracic artery, irrigate the anterior thoracic wall, including muscles, bones, joints, and skin.