Tragedi Sampit di Kalimantan, Konflik Komunal Pada Bangsa yang Plural

Summary

The video discusses Indonesia's philosophy of 'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika,' meaning unity in diversity, rooted in the 14th century Majapahit era. It highlights how this philosophy promoted religious and cultural tolerance but questions why Indonesia still faces ethnic and religious conflicts today. The video examines two recent cases: a controversy involving a politician's remarks about the Sundanese language and another surrounding offensive comments about the relocation of Indonesia's capital to Kalimantan. The script also reflects on the 2001 Sampit conflict between the Dayak and Madura people, exploring themes of fanatical loyalty, cultural differences, and the importance of teaching tolerance from a young age.

Takeaways

• 🎶 The philosophy of 'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika' was introduced by Gajah Mada in the 14th century, promoting unity in diversity and religious freedom in Majapahit.
• 🛡️ This philosophy was crucial in preventing internal conflicts between different religious groups, especially between Buddhists and followers of Shiva at the time.
• ⚖️ Despite Indonesia's rich legacy of tolerance, modern-day Indonesia still faces conflicts related to race, religion, and ethnicity (SARA).
• 🗣️ In 2022, a controversy emerged involving DPR member Arteria Dahlan, who requested the dismissal of a prosecutor for using the Sundanese language, sparking protests from the Sundanese community.
• 🚨 Edi Mulyadi's comments about the relocation of Indonesia’s capital to Kalimantan also caused backlash, particularly among the people of Kalimantan, leading to his arrest for hate speech.
• 🔥 Historical conflicts between ethnic groups, like the 2001 Dayak-Madura conflict in Kalimantan, were fueled by economic and social tensions, leading to widespread violence.
• 🤝 The Sampit conflict of 2001 was eventually resolved through a peace agreement, though many Madurese had to flee for their safety.
• 🌍 Primordialism, or excessive loyalty to one's own ethnic group or traditions, often drives ethnic conflicts in Indonesia.
• ⚽ Fanaticism is not only seen in ethnic or religious matters but also in sports, where rival soccer supporters frequently clash, though unity is observed during national team games.
• 🇮🇩 Pancasila plays a critical role in promoting unity among Indonesia’s diverse communities, with its principles aimed at fostering tolerance and preventing communal conflicts.

Q & A

What is the significance of 'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika' as discussed in the script?

'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika' means 'Unity in Diversity' and was first articulated by Patih Gajah Mada in the 14th century. It emphasizes that although people are diverse, they are united as one. It was used as a guiding philosophy in the Majapahit era to ensure freedom of religion and manage internal conflicts between different religious groups, specifically Buddhists and followers of Siwa.

What recent events in Indonesia highlight the ongoing issues with SARA (ethnic, religious, and racial) conflicts?

Two major incidents were discussed: Arteria Dahlan's comments about a prosecutor using the Sundanese language in an official setting, which caused backlash from the Sundanese community, and Edi Mulyadi's remarks about the relocation of Indonesia's capital to Kalimantan, which offended people from Kalimantan. Both cases show how sensitive SARA issues still are in Indonesia.

What were the consequences of Arteria Dahlan's remarks about the Sundanese language?

Arteria Dahlan faced backlash from the Sundanese community, including the Governor of West Java, who requested an apology. Although he issued a public apology, the case was reviewed by the police, but no criminal charges were filed due to a lack of evidence. The issue was later handled by the Ethics Council of the DPR (Indonesian Parliament).

What led to Edi Mulyadi's arrest, and what are the possible legal consequences he faces?

Edi Mulyadi was arrested after making controversial comments about the relocation of the capital to Kalimantan, which many viewed as offensive to the people of Kalimantan. He faces charges of hate speech and could face up to 10 years in prison.

What historical conflict is highlighted between the Dayak and Madurese communities in Kalimantan?

The conflict between the Dayak and Madurese communities, particularly during the Sampit riots in 2001, is discussed. Tensions between the two groups, which began with economic and social disparities, escalated into violent clashes after accusations of arson, resulting in widespread violence and the displacement of thousands of Madurese people.

What role did primordialism play in the conflict between Dayak and Madurese communities?

Primordialism, which refers to the deeply ingrained values and traditions that individuals carry from childhood, contributed to the conflict. In this case, the adherence to ethnic and cultural differences, alongside a sense of fanatical loyalty to one’s community, fueled tensions between the Dayak and Madurese, leading to violence.

How did the Sampit conflict come to an end, and what was done to maintain peace?

The conflict between the Dayak and Madurese eventually de-escalated after both sides agreed to a peace deal, facilitated by the Central Kalimantan People's Congress. A peace monument was built in Sampit to commemorate the agreement, and displaced Madurese were allowed to return, though under strict regulations regarding population and residency.

What lesson does the speaker emphasize in relation to Indonesia's history of ethnic and religious conflicts?

The speaker highlights the importance of recognizing and teaching the value of diversity from an early age. They stress that differences in ethnicity, religion, and culture should be viewed as natural and beautiful, not as sources of conflict. The speaker advocates for promoting inclusivity and tolerance as solutions to ongoing issues.

How does fanatical support for football clubs in Indonesia reflect deeper issues of conflict?

The speaker draws a parallel between ethnic and religious conflicts and fanatical football support in Indonesia. Just as ethnic differences can spark violence, so too can loyalty to football clubs. However, the speaker points out that when the national team plays, these divisions seem to disappear as fans unite under the national flag, showing that unity is possible.

What is the role of Pancasila in managing diversity in Indonesia?

Pancasila, Indonesia's state ideology, plays a crucial role in managing the country's diversity. It was created with the recognition that communal conflicts could arise and serves as a unifying framework based on values of divinity, humanity, and justice. Pancasila encourages unity without erasing differences, promoting harmony through shared values.