Perlawanan terhadap VOC : Video Pembelajaran Sejarah Indonesia Kelas XI

Summary

This video, hosted by Santi, explores the history of Indonesian resistance against European colonial powers. It covers two main periods: resistance during the VOC (Dutch East India Company) era and the Dutch colonial period. Part 2 delves into the struggles of the Mataram and Gowa Sultanates against the VOC, highlighting battles, strategies, and the eventual losses due to superior VOC tactics. The video emphasizes key figures like Sultan Agung and Sultan Hasanuddin, discussing the challenges they faced, including disease, food shortages, and internal conflicts. The video ends with a call to like, subscribe, and share.

Takeaways

• 📜 The video continues from part 1, discussing Indonesia's resistance to European colonization, focusing on the VOC (Dutch East India Company).
• ⚔️ There were two main periods of resistance against the Dutch: during the VOC era and the later colonial era.
• 🛡️ Key resistances during the VOC era included the Sultanates of Mataram and Gowa Makassar.
• 🏰 Mataram initially allowed the VOC to build a trading post but later opposed them, leading to Sultan Agung’s efforts to expel the VOC from Java.
• 🚫 Sultan Agung's two military campaigns against the VOC in Batavia (1628, 1629) failed due to superior Dutch weaponry, disease, and food shortages caused by VOC tactics.
• 🛳️ The Sultanate of Gowa Makassar was strategically located in the trade routes of Southeast Asia, contributing to its power.
• 📉 Tensions arose when the VOC tried to monopolize trade, leading to conflicts between Gowa and the VOC, culminating in the Makassar War (1666–1669).
• ⚔️ Gowa's Sultan Hasanuddin resisted but was eventually defeated by a Dutch alliance with Bone's ruler, Arung Palakka.
• 📜 The defeat led to the Treaty of Bongaya (1667), which imposed heavy restrictions on Gowa, including acknowledging the VOC trade monopoly and ceding control to Bone.
• 🚫 Other European traders were banned from Gowa, further securing VOC dominance in the region.

Q & A

What were the two periods of resistance against the Dutch mentioned in the script?

The resistance against the Dutch is divided into two periods: the VOC period and the Dutch colonial period.

Which two sultanates led the resistance during the VOC period?

The resistance during the VOC period was led by the Sultanates of Mataram and Gowa Makassar.

What were Sultan Agung of Mataram's two main goals?

Sultan Agung's two main goals were to unite all of Java under Mataram's rule and to expel the VOC from Java.

Why did Sultan Agung's second attack on Batavia in 1629 fail?

The second attack failed due to inferior weaponry, a disease outbreak among Mataram's forces, and a shortage of food after the VOC destroyed their supplies in Tegal, Cirebon, and Karawang.

What factors made the Sultanate of Gowa Makassar strong?

Gowa Makassar's strength was due to its strategic location on key trade routes, an influx of traders after Malacca fell to the Portuguese, and its role as a transit port for goods from Banjarmasin.

What triggered the conflict between the VOC and Gowa Makassar?

The conflict began when the VOC attempted to monopolize trade in Malacca, Batavia, and Maluku, which upset the Sultanate of Gowa.

What role did Sultan Hasanuddin play in the war between Gowa and the VOC?

Sultan Hasanuddin led the Gowa forces against the VOC, initiating the Makassar War from 1666 to 1669 and seizing VOC ships in Maluku.

How did the VOC exploit local rivalries during the Makassar War?

The VOC allied with Arung Palakka, the ruler of Bone, who had a rivalry with Sultan Hasanuddin. This alliance helped the VOC defeat Gowa.

What were the key terms of the Treaty of Bongaya signed in 1667?

The Treaty of Bongaya included the recognition of VOC trade monopoly, the expulsion of non-VOC Western traders from Gowa, Gowa’s payment of 250,000 Ringgit in war damages, VOC rights to build a fort in Makassar, and Gowa’s recognition of Bone’s sovereignty.

What marked the official end of Gowa’s resistance against the VOC?

The official end of Gowa’s resistance was marked by the Treaty of Bongaya in 1667 and the subsequent VOC control over Makassar.