Materi IPS Kelas 8 Bab 4: Perlawanan Terhadap Kolonialisme dan Imperalisme

Summary

This educational video covers the history of resistance movements in Indonesia against colonial powers. It details significant events such as Sultan Babullah’s resistance against the Portuguese, Sultan Agung’s conflicts with the Dutch, and the broader struggle during the wars in Aceh, Bali, and Sumatra. Key uprisings, like the Perang Saparua, Perang Padri, and the Diponegoro War, are highlighted, alongside the strategic tactics employed by colonial forces. The video paints a vivid picture of the Indonesian people's courage and determination in their fight for independence from European imperialism and exploitation.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sultan Babullah led the successful resistance against the Portuguese in Ternate, culminating in their expulsion in 1575 after years of conflict.
• 😀 Sultan Iskandar Muda of Aceh attempted to conquer Malacca from the Portuguese in 1609, but despite failure, Aceh remained an independent kingdom.
• 😀 Sultan Hasanuddin of Makassar was forced to sign the Treaty of Bongaya in 1667, which granted the Dutch a monopoly on the spice trade in Makassar.
• 😀 Sultan Agung of Mataram made two unsuccessful attempts to capture Batavia (Jakarta) from the VOC in 1628 and 1629, marking his strong resistance against Dutch rule.
• 😀 Pattimura (Thomas Matulessy) led the War of Saparua in 1817 in Ambon, briefly capturing a Dutch fort and killing the Dutch resident, Vandenberg.
• 😀 The Padri War (1821-1837) in Sumatra was led by figures like Tuanku Imam Bonjol and Tuanku Nan Cerdik, aimed at fighting Dutch control but ended in 1837 with the capture of its leaders.
• 😀 The Java War (1825-1830) was one of the most significant uprisings, led by Prince Diponegoro against Dutch rule. Despite fierce resistance, Diponegoro was captured and exiled.
• 😀 The Aceh War (1873-1906) was sparked by Dutch attempts to control Aceh. It lasted for decades with sporadic resistance continuing until 1935.
• 😀 Sisingamangaraja XII led the Batak people in Sumatra against Dutch forces for 29 years, with the final defeat occurring in 1907 after the death of his sons.
• 😀 The Banjar War (1859-1905) in Kalimantan was sparked by Dutch interference in the royal succession, with resistance ending in 1905 after the defeat of the local forces.

Q & A

What was the initial conflict between Tidore and the Portuguese in 1529?

The conflict started because the Portuguese obstructed the trade between Banda and Tidore, leading to a war between the two, where the Portuguese eventually succeeded in dividing the kingdoms of Ternate and Tidore.

How did Sultan Babullah continue the resistance against the Portuguese after Sultan Hairun's death?

After Sultan Hairun's death in 1570, Sultan Babullah, his son, courageously continued the fight against the Portuguese, eventually leading to the expulsion of the Portuguese from Ternate in 1575.

What was the goal of Sultan Iskandar Muda's resistance against the Portuguese?

Sultan Iskandar Muda aimed to drive the Portuguese out of Malacca and assert the independence of Aceh. Although an attack in 1609 failed, Aceh remained a sovereign kingdom.

What was the significance of Sultan Hasanuddin's role in resisting the Dutch in 1667?

Sultan Hasanuddin, the ruler of Gowa in Sulawesi, fought against the Dutch and was forced to sign the Bongaya Agreement in 1667, which granted the Dutch a monopoly on the spice trade in Makassar.

What was the reason behind Sultan Agung of Mataram's conflict with the Dutch?

Sultan Agung's conflict with the Dutch stemmed from the Dutch East India Company's monopoly on trade, leading Sultan Agung to attempt to capture Batavia in two failed campaigns between 1628 and 1629.

What happened during the War of Saparua in Ambon in 1817?

In 1817, Pattimura led the War of Saparua against the Dutch, successfully capturing a Dutch fortress and killing the Dutch resident. He was joined by Christina Martha Tiahahu, a heroic woman in the struggle.

What was the main cause of the Paderi War in West Sumatra?

The Paderi War was triggered by the Padri faction's resistance against the Dutch, focusing on opposing Dutch colonialism and supported by local figures such as Tuanku Imam Bonjol and Tuanku Nan Cerdik.

How did the Dutch manage to suppress the Padri resistance in 1837?

The Dutch eventually suppressed the Padri resistance by using military strategies, including the construction of forts such as Fort de Kock and Fort Van Der Capellen, and securing the surrender of key Padri leaders.

What were the main causes and outcomes of the Diponegoro War (1825-1830)?

The Diponegoro War was caused by economic hardships, political intervention by the Dutch, and local unrest, culminating in a prolonged conflict. Though initially successful, the Dutch captured Diponegoro through deceitful negotiations, exiling him to Manado.

What role did Dr. Snouck Hurgronje play in the Dutch response to the Aceh resistance?

Dr. Snouck Hurgronje, acting under the pseudonym Abdul Ghofar, provided advice to the Dutch on how to break the Acehnese resistance by exploiting internal divisions between the uleebalang (nobility) and ulama (Islamic scholars), ultimately weakening the resistance.

How did the Dutch handle the Batak resistance led by Sisingamangaraja XII in North Sumatra?

The Dutch faced persistent resistance from Sisingamangaraja XII and the Batak people for nearly three decades, eventually overpowering them through military siege tactics, leading to the fall of the Batak strongholds.

What were the key events leading to the Banjar War in Borneo?

The Banjar War began in 1859 when the Dutch interfered in the succession of the Banjar kingdom, supporting Pangeran Tamjidillah, who was unpopular with the locals. Pangeran Antasari led the resistance, but the war ended in 1862 with Dutch victory.

What was the significance of the Jagaraga War in Bali against Dutch forces?

The Jagaraga War in Bali was sparked by a dispute over the right to confiscate stranded ships. The Balinese resistance led by Raja Buleleng faced Dutch forces in a fierce battle, but after the fall of the Jagaraga fortress, the Dutch continued to expand their control over Bali, leading to the final submission in 1906.