Kronologi peristiwa masa akhir orde baru || Sejarah Indonesia Kelas 12
Summary
TLDRThis video provides an insightful lesson on the final phase of Indonesia's New Order era, aimed at 12th-grade students. It highlights both internal and external factors contributing to the regime's collapse, such as economic stagnation, corruption, and the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Key events, including massive demonstrations, the Trisakti student shootings, and significant political pressure, are covered. The video also outlines the resignation of President Soeharto on May 21, 1998, marking the end of the New Order and the beginning of Indonesia's Reform Era, with a focus on transitioning to a more democratic government.
Takeaways
- 📚 The video discusses the history of Indonesia for 12th-grade students, focusing on the end of the New Order era.
- 🌍 External factors that contributed to the fall of the New Order include the 1997 financial crisis in Thailand, which affected many Asian countries, including Indonesia.
- 💸 Internal factors included Indonesia's stagnant economy, where the currency value dropped significantly, leading to mass layoffs and bankruptcies.
- ⚖️ The government under Suharto faced widespread corruption, collusion, and nepotism.
- 📅 On March 11, 1998, Suharto was re-elected as President of Indonesia in the MPR General Session.
- ✊ From March to May 1998, massive demonstrations took place in major cities like Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar, demanding Suharto's resignation.
- 🎓 On May 12, 1998, a protest at Trisakti University resulted in the death of several students, escalating tensions.
- 🔥 On May 14-15, 1998, riots erupted in Jakarta and Solo, with widespread looting and chaos.
- 👥 Key public figures, such as Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid, urged Suharto to resign and return state assets.
- 🚨 On May 21, 1998, Suharto officially resigned, and his presidency was succeeded by B.J. Habibie, marking the end of the New Order and the beginning of the Reform era.
Q & A
What external factor contributed to the fall of the New Order in Indonesia?
-The external factor was the financial crisis that began in Thailand in 1997, which impacted the exchange rates of currencies in Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
What was one of the key internal factors that led to the decline of the New Order in Indonesia?
-One key internal factor was the stagnation of Indonesia's economy, which resulted in a sharp decline in the value of its currency and led to the bankruptcy of many companies, causing mass layoffs.
How did corruption, collusion, and nepotism affect the government during the New Order era?
-Corruption, collusion, and nepotism were widespread in the government, which further weakened its credibility and contributed to public dissatisfaction.
What significant event happened on May 12, 1998, during the protests against the New Order?
-On May 12, 1998, a student from Trisakti University was shot during a demonstration, an event that escalated public outrage and intensified protests.
What happened on May 14-15, 1998, in response to the protests against the New Order?
-On May 14-15, 1998, riots broke out in Jakarta and Solo, resulting in widespread looting, and thousands of students protested, calling for Suharto to step down.
Who were some of the prominent figures that pressured Suharto to resign?
-Prominent figures such as Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid urged Suharto to resign and return his wealth to the state.
What was the role of the Indonesian parliament (MPR/DPR) in the protests during May 1998?
-On May 18, 1998, students occupied the MPR/DPR building, demanding a special session of the MPR to address the political crisis and Suharto's resignation.
What was Suharto's response to the escalating protests and demands for his resignation?
-Suharto attempted to form a 'Reform Cabinet' to address the growing unrest, but this move did not stop the protests, and many ministers resigned from his cabinet.
When did Suharto officially step down from his position as president?
-Suharto officially resigned from the presidency on May 21, 1998, after mounting pressure from protests and political figures.
What was the significance of Suharto's resignation for Indonesia?
-Suharto's resignation marked the end of the New Order era and the beginning of the Reformation Era, a new chapter in Indonesia's history focused on building a more democratic government.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Indonesia's Historical Transition
The speaker introduces the video, welcoming viewers and outlining the topic: the fall of the New Order in Indonesia, which is a history lesson for 12th-grade students. The fall of the New Order is influenced by both external and internal factors, including the 1997 Asian financial crisis that affected several countries, including Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Internally, Indonesia's stagnant economy led to a drastic drop in currency value, causing widespread company bankruptcies and massive layoffs (PHK). Additionally, issues of corruption, collusion, and nepotism plagued the government.
📝 Chronology of the Fall of the New Order
The speaker continues by describing the key events leading to the end of the New Order regime. On March 11, 1998, Suharto was re-elected as president during the MPR general session. However, protests demanding Suharto's resignation erupted in various cities like Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar. On May 12, 1998, a tragedy occurred when a student from Trisakti University was shot during a demonstration. This incident triggered more unrest, including looting in Jakarta and Solo, and further protests calling for Suharto's resignation.
📢 Pressure Mounts for Suharto's Resignation
The speaker highlights the growing pressure on Suharto from key public figures like Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid, who urged him to step down and return his wealth to the state. On May 18, 1998, students occupied the MPR/DPR building, demanding a special session of the MPR. Suharto attempted to form a reform cabinet, but there was still no resolution to the growing crisis.
🚶 Cabinet Members Resign, Protests Intensify
On May 20, 1998, 14 ministers from Suharto's cabinet resigned, further weakening his government. In Yogyakarta, a long march took place, while protests in Jakarta were canceled to avoid further unrest. The situation was becoming increasingly untenable for Suharto.
📅 Suharto's Resignation and the End of the New Order
Finally, on May 21, 1998, Suharto officially announced his resignation from the presidency, marking the end of the New Order regime. His position was taken over by Professor B.J. Habibie. With Suharto's resignation, Indonesia transitioned from the New Order era to the Reform era, opening the way for a new, more democratic government system.
🎓 Conclusion: A New Chapter for Indonesia
The speaker concludes by summarizing the fall of the New Order and the beginning of the Reform era, which offered Indonesia an opportunity to rebuild a more democratic governance structure. This marks a significant moment in Indonesian history, closing one chapter and starting another. The lesson for the day ends with this reflection.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Orde Baru
💡Krisis Ekonomi Asia 1997
💡Stagnasi Perekonomian Indonesia
💡Korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme (KKN)
💡Demonstrasi 1998
💡Penembakan Mahasiswa Trisakti
💡Kerusuhan Mei 1998
💡Kabinet Reformasi Pembangunan
💡Sidang Umum MPR 1998
💡Reformasi
Highlights
Introduction to Indonesian history lesson for grade 12, focusing on the end of the New Order (Orde Baru) era.
The external factors that contributed to the fall of the New Order, including the economic crisis that began in Thailand in 1997, which destabilized the currency exchange rates in several Asian countries, including Indonesia.
Internal factors such as Indonesia's stagnant economy and the drastic devaluation of the rupiah, which led to mass bankruptcies and widespread layoffs (PHK).
Widespread corruption, collusion, and nepotism (KKN) within the government during the New Order.
The timeline of events leading to the fall of the New Order: March 1-11, 1998, Suharto was re-elected as president during the MPR general session.
Between March and May 1998, massive demonstrations took place in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Makassar, and other cities demanding Suharto's resignation.
On May 12, 1998, a tragic event occurred where students from Trisakti University were shot during a demonstration.
On May 14-15, 1998, riots broke out in Jakarta and Solo, with looting in several places as thousands of students demonstrated for Suharto’s resignation.
Key political figures such as Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid called for Suharto to resign and return his wealth to the state.
On May 18, 1998, students occupied the MPR/DPR building, demanding a special session of the MPR.
Suharto attempted to form a Reform Development Cabinet but did not immediately resign.
On May 20, 1998, 14 ministers from the Development Cabinet decided to resign, and long marches were held in Yogyakarta, though they were canceled in Jakarta to avoid further unrest.
On May 21, 1998, Suharto announced his resignation as president, marking the end of the New Order era.
Suharto was succeeded by Professor B.J. Habibie, ushering in the Reformation Era (Era Reformasi).
The collapse of the New Order government opened a new chapter for Indonesia to establish a more democratic system of governance.
Transcripts
Hai
[Musik]
guys alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
kembali lagi di channel guru Creator
Pada kesempatan ini kita ingin belajar
sejarah Indonesia untuk kelas 12
yaitu terkait dengan materi masa akhir
Orde Baru
Adapun faktor jatuhnya masa orde baru
disini yaitu dari faktor eksternal yaitu
kerjasama l yang melanda Thailand ini
terjadi pada tahun
1997 yang merupakan permulaan peristiwa
yang mengguncang nilai tukar mata uang
negara-negara di Asia seperti Malaysia
Filipina
dan Indonesia
kemudian faktor internal yaitu
stagnasi perekonomian Indonesia jadi
disini
nilai mata uang Indonesia itu nilai
tukar mata uang Indonesia atau rugi itu
merosot ya sehingga
eh
banyak terjadi
perusahaan-perusahaan bangkrut
dan
menyebabkan terjadinya pemutusan
hubungan kerja atau PHK secara
besar-besaran
kemudian
eh selain daripada itu juga terjadi
kolusi korupsi dan nepotisme dalam
sebuah pemerintahan
hai hai
raja2 jutnya kita Jelaskan kronologi
jatuhnya masa Orde Baru
Hai yaitu tanggal
1-11 Maret
1998 Soeharto kembali terpilih menjadi
presiden dan dilantik dalam sidang umum
MPR
1998
kemudian Maret sampai Mei 1998 terjadi
demonstrasi
di sini menuntut mundurnya Soeharto di
Jakarta Yogyakarta Surabaya Makassar dan
lain-lainnya ini masih terjadi
demonstrasi yang begitu hebat
Kemudian
pada tanggal 12.mei Tahun
1948 ada mahasiswa Universitas Trisakti
yang tertembak saat terjadi demonstrasi
Kemudian pada tanggal 1415 Mei 1948
yaitu kerusuhan terjadi di Jakarta
ke Solo terjadi penjarahan di beberapa
tempat kemudian ribuan mahasiswa
berdemonstrasi
mendukung mundurnya Soeharto
selanjutnya
tokoh-tokoh penting seperti Amien Rais
dan Nurcholish Madjid mendesak Soeharto
untuk mengundurkan diri dan menyerahkan
kekayaan pada negara
Kemudian pada tanggal 18 Mei
1998 gedung mpr-dpr
diduduki mahasiswa mereka menuntut MPR
untuk menggelar sidang istimewa
Hai kemudian Soeharto mengundang
beberapa tokoh untuk membentuk kabinet
reformasi
kabinet reformasi Pembangunan yang saat
itu Soeharto masih belum mengundurkan
diri
terus pada tanggal 20 Mei tahun 1958
4-14 menteri dari Kabinet Pembangunan
memutuskan untuk mengundurkan diri
terjadilah Long March di Yogyakarta
sedangkan Jakarta dibatalkan agar tidak
terjadi kerusuhan
Kemudian pada tanggal 21 Mei
1998 Soeharto mengundurkan diri
menyatakan mengundurkan diri dari
jabatan presiden RI terus posisinya
kemudian digantikan oleh Profesor ABG
Habibie
ah setelah Soeharto turun maka
pemerintahan Orde Baru saja berakhir dan
berganti lah dengan era reformasi terus
runtuhnya ke pemerintahan orde baru
membuka lembaran baru bagi Republik
Indonesia Hai untuk menata ke Mbali
sistem pemerintahan yang lebih
demokratis
Maka selanjutnya adalah masa reformasi
itulah terkait dari pembelajaran kita
terkait dengan masa akhir Dewaruci
sekaligus kronologi yang terjadi
di masa akhir orde baru ya oke Cukup
sekian pembelajaran kita untuk harganya
selangit kumuh orang tentang berkata
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