Masa Orde Reformasi: Masa Pemerintahan Abdurrahman Whid dan Megawati Soekarnoputri | Part 2

Summary

This video provides an in-depth exploration of the political, economic, and social policies implemented during Indonesia's Reform Era under Presidents Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Soekarnoputri. It covers the key changes, including the formation of the National Unity Cabinet, the dissolution of departments from the New Order era, the separation of the Indonesian Military and Police, and the establishment of policies aimed at fostering pluralism and addressing the economic crisis. The video also discusses significant milestones such as Indonesia's first direct presidential election and the creation of the KPK. A thorough review of leadership transitions and reforms highlights Indonesia's progress during this transformative period.

Takeaways

• 😀 Abdurrahman Wahid was elected President of Indonesia in 1999 through a voting process in the MPR, defeating Megawati Soekarnoputri. His presidency lasted until 2001, after which Megawati succeeded him.
• 😀 One of Wahid's key political reforms was the formation of the National Unity Cabinet, aimed at fostering cooperation across political factions.
• 😀 Wahid's administration took significant steps to dismantle the authoritarian legacy of the New Order, including the dissolution of the Department of Information and the Department of Social Affairs, which were seen as tools of government control during the New Order.
• 😀 The separation of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) and the Police (Polri) was another major reform, ending the dual function (Dwi Fungsi) that combined military and police roles under the New Order regime.
• 😀 Wahid also separated the roles of the Minister of Defense and the Commander of the TNI, a shift from the previous system where the commander held both positions.
• 😀 On the economic front, Wahid's government established the National Economic Council (DEN) to address the economic downturn following the 1997-1998 monetary crisis.
• 😀 Wahid promoted pluralism and made significant social reforms, including recognizing the Confucian religion and establishing Imlek (Chinese New Year) as a recognized holiday for followers of the religion.
• 😀 In Papua, Wahid's administration made efforts to address regional issues by changing the name of Irian Jaya to Papua and allowing the raising of the Morning Star flag, signaling a move towards reconciliation.
• 😀 Abdurrahman Wahid's presidency ended due to mounting conflict with the legislature, particularly over corruption investigations, which led him to issue a controversial decree. The decree failed to gain support, leading to his resignation.
• 😀 Megawati Soekarnoputri succeeded Wahid as president in 2001, becoming the first female president of Indonesia. She continued the reform process and oversaw the first direct presidential election in 2004, marking a significant step in Indonesia's democracy.

Q & A

Who was the first president of Indonesia to lead during the Reformasi period?

The first president of Indonesia during the Reformasi period was Abdurrahman Wahid, who took office in 1999.

What significant political change occurred under President Abdurrahman Wahid's leadership?

One of the key political changes under Abdurrahman Wahid's leadership was the separation of the TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces) and the police, a step to eliminate the dual function (Dwi Fungsi ABRI) that existed during the New Order era.

What key social policy was introduced by President Abdurrahman Wahid regarding religion?

President Abdurrahman Wahid recognized Confucianism as an official religion in Indonesia and declared the Chinese New Year (Imlek) a facultative holiday.

What was the significant decision made by President Abdurrahman Wahid regarding Papua?

President Abdurrahman Wahid changed the name of Irian Jaya to Papua and allowed the raising of the Morning Star flag, a move aimed at resolving the political issues in the region.

Why did President Abdurrahman Wahid's government face significant opposition from the legislature?

President Abdurrahman Wahid faced opposition from the legislature, particularly over corruption investigations such as the Bulog and Brunei Gate scandals, which led to a clash between the executive and legislative branches.

What triggered President Abdurrahman Wahid’s resignation from office?

President Abdurrahman Wahid resigned after failing to gain support for his decree dissolving the DPR and Golkar Party. His failure to get backing from both the MPR and other political figures led to his downfall.

What major reform did President Megawati Soekarnoputri introduce during her presidency?

During her presidency, President Megawati Soekarnoputri oversaw the direct election of the president and the first direct presidential election in 2004, a major milestone in Indonesia's democratic development.

What was the name of the cabinet formed by President Megawati Soekarnoputri?

President Megawati Soekarnoputri formed the 'Cabinet Gotong Royong,' which reflected the spirit of mutual cooperation and was named after a similar cabinet from President Sukarno's era.

How did the 2004 presidential election unfold?

The 2004 presidential election in Indonesia had five candidate pairs. Since no one secured a majority in the first round, a second-round election was held, which resulted in the victory of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who became president.

What were the significant economic policies under President Megawati Soekarnoputri?

Under President Megawati Soekarnoputri, significant economic policies included the privatization of state-owned enterprises (BUMN) and a rescheduling of Indonesia's foreign debt payments.