Elements of Prose | SHORT STORY | ENGLISH 7 || MATATAG Curriculum VIDEO LESSON | QUARTER 2| LESSON 1
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script focuses on the analysis of literary texts, specifically short stories, within a structural context. It distinguishes between poetry and prose, highlighting prose's narrative and logical clarity. The script defines short stories, their characteristics such as length, plot, characters, and setting, and discusses the elements of setting, characters, and plot structure. It also explains the concept of theme and uses examples from Philippine literature to illustrate these concepts.
Takeaways
- 🎓 The video focuses on teaching English through the analysis of literary texts, specifically short stories.
- 📚 The script reviews the types of literature: drama, poetry, prose fiction, and prose nonfiction, with a shift in focus from poetry to prose in the second quarter.
- 📈 Prose is distinguished from poetry by its use of ordinary language, grammatical rules, and natural flow, as opposed to poetry's structured verse and rhythm.
- 📘 Short stories are defined as brief, self-contained narratives with specific characteristics like length, plot complexity, limited characters, focused setting, and a single theme.
- 🏡 The setting in a short story is crucial, encompassing the physical location, time, social environment, and atmosphere, which contribute to the story's mood and impact.
- 👤 Characters in a short story are central to the narrative, with classifications such as protagonist and antagonist, and dynamic or flat character development.
- 🗣️ STEELER is introduced as a method for indirect characterization, analyzing a character's speech, thoughts, effect on others, actions, and looks.
- 📊 The plot of a short story is outlined with stages: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution, each serving to build and resolve the story's conflict.
- 🌐 Conflicts in stories can be of various types: man versus man, society, self, nature, technology, or supernatural, adding depth and interest to the narrative.
- 🎨 The theme of a story is its central message or insight, often universal and thought-provoking, such as the impact of poverty on human dignity in Filipino literature.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the second quarter of the English learning video?
-The main focus of the second quarter is to analyze literary text as expressions of individual or societal values within a structural context, specifically focusing on the elements of prose, particularly short stories.
What are the four main types of literature mentioned in the script?
-The four main types of literature mentioned are drama, poetry, prose fiction, and prose nonfiction.
How does prose differ from poetry in terms of language use?
-Prose uses ordinary forms of written or spoken language without a formal metrical structure, following grammatical rules and flowing naturally like everyday speech, whereas poetry emphasizes meter, rhyme, and structured verse.
What are some examples of prose fiction mentioned in the script?
-Examples of prose fiction include myths, fables, novels, and short stories.
What are the defining characteristics of a short story as described in the script?
-Short stories are brief, typically ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 words, with a single plot, limited characters, a focused setting, and a clear theme. They use an economy of language where every word contributes to the overall effect.
What are the key aspects of setting in a short story as outlined in the script?
-The key aspects of setting in a short story include place, time, social environment, and atmosphere.
How does the script define a protagonist in a story?
-A protagonist is defined as the main or leading character of the story who makes key decisions that affect the plot.
What is the difference between dynamic and flat characters as discussed in the script?
-Dynamic or round characters are those who change and grow throughout the story, while flat or static characters do not change and remain the same throughout the narrative.
What is the method used to analyze how authors reveal characters' personalities and traits without explicitly stating them?
-The method used is called STEEAL, which stands for Speech, Thoughts, Effect on others, Actions, and Looks.
What are the five parts of the plot diagram discussed in the script?
-The five parts of the plot diagram are exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
How is the theme of a story defined in the script?
-The theme is defined as the central idea, message, or underlying meaning that the author wants to convey, which is a deeper insight about life, society, or human nature that emerges through the plot, characters, and setting.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Literary Analysis
This paragraph introduces the educational video's focus on analyzing literary texts, specifically short stories, within a structural context. It emphasizes the importance of understanding individual or societal values as expressed through literature. The instructor reviews the types of literature, including drama, poetry, prose fiction, and prose nonfiction. The video's target learning competency is analyzing literary text, and the instructor provides a comparison between poetry and prose, highlighting their characteristics and purposes. Poetry is described as rhythmic and condensed, often open to interpretation, while prose is straightforward and used for storytelling or sharing information.
📖 Characteristics of Short Stories
The second paragraph delves into the specifics of short stories, defining them as brief narratives with a compact narrative structure. It outlines the key characteristics of short stories: length (ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 words), plot complexity (single plot focused on a central conflict), limited characters (few characters with concentrated development), setting (limited to one or two locations), and theme (exploring a single theme or message). The paragraph also mentions the economy of language in short stories, where every word contributes to the overall effect. Examples of well-known Philippine short stories are provided to illustrate these points.
🌍 Discussing Setting in Short Stories
This paragraph discusses the concept of setting in short stories, which includes the time and place of the story's events, as well as the cultural, social, and historical context. It highlights the focused and limited nature of setting in short stories compared to novels. The key aspects of setting are identified as place, time, social environment, and atmosphere. Examples are given for each aspect, such as 'In the Map' by Francisco Arcellana for place, 'The Summer Solstice' by Nick Joaquin for time, 'My Father Goes to Court' by Carlos Bulosan for social environment, and 'Dead Stars' by Paz Marquez Benitez for atmosphere.
👤 Understanding Characters in Literature
The fourth paragraph focuses on characters in short stories, explaining their roles and classifications. It differentiates between the protagonist, who drives the plot with key decisions, and the antagonist, who opposes the protagonist. The paragraph also introduces dynamic or round characters, who undergo change and development, and flat or static characters, who remain consistent throughout the story. The STEEAL method for indirect characterization is introduced, which includes analyzing a character's speech, thoughts, effect on others, actions, and looks.
📈 Plot Diagram and Themes in Short Stories
The final paragraph discusses the structure of a short story's plot, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. It explains the role of conflict within the story and identifies different types of conflict, such as man versus man, society, self, nature, technology, and supernatural. The paragraph concludes with a discussion of themes in literature, which are the central ideas or messages that authors convey. An example of a theme is provided from the short story 'My Father Goes to Court' by Carlos Bulosan, which explores the impact of poverty on human dignity.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Literary Text
💡Prose
💡Short Story
💡Setting
💡Character
💡Plot
💡Theme
💡Conflict
💡Climax
💡Resolution
💡Exposition
Highlights
Introduction to analyzing literary text as expressions of individual or societal values.
Focus on the elements of prose, specifically short stories.
Review of types of literature: drama, poetry, prose fiction, and prose nonfiction.
Definition and characteristics of poetry compared to prose.
Definition and characteristics of prose, including examples of different prose forms.
Explanation of the difference between prose fiction and non-fiction.
Definition of a short story and its characteristics.
Examples of well-known Philippine short stories and their themes.
Discussion of setting in a short story, including its key aspects.
Characterization in literature, including the roles of protagonist and antagonist.
Types of character development: dynamic or round characters versus flat or static characters.
Method of indirect characterization through speech, thoughts, effect on others, actions, and looks.
Explanation of the plot diagram, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
Types of conflict commonly found in literature.
The role of theme in literature and how it provides insight into life, society, or human nature.
Example of a theme in a Filipino short story: the impact of poverty on human dignity.
Invitation to learn more and turn on notifications for future video tutorials.
Transcripts
time check it's English
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o'
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englisher I made learning English easy
for you please like comment and
subscribe
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grade s welcome to quarter 2 of
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English our Target learning competency
for this video is analyze literary text
as expressions of individual or values
within a structural
context and the focus of our discussion
is about the elements of Pros
specifically short
story before we begin
balik L previous quarter I'll be showing
you again the chart of the types of
literature as a review these are the for
Gen ra or types of literature we have
drama poetry Pros fiction and Pros
nonfiction quarter one Focus poetry but
for this quarter our Focus will shift to
Pros specifically short
stories pros and poetry are both major
types of
literature in terms of definition poetry
emphasizes meter rhyme and structured
verse though free verse poetry lacks
these conventions poetry is more
concentrated and rhythmic than Pros
while Pros uses ordinary form of written
or spoken language without a formal
metrical structure it follows
grammatical rules and flows naturally
like everyday
speech examples of poetry are sonnets
Haus freeverse ballads limeric and epics
for pros we have novels short stories
essays articles biographies and
letters in terms of features poetry
focuses on the static qualities of
language using literary devices like
metaphor simile and symbolism poetry
tends to be more condensed and
expressive often leaving room for
interpretation while Pros focuses on
narrative explanation or Exposition
sentences and paragraphs s are
structured to present ideas clearly and
logically in terms of purpose poetry is
used to evoke emotions convey deep ideas
or themes and provide artistic
expression through word choice and
structure while Pros is primarily used
for storytelling explanation or sharing
information in a direct and
straightforward manner
Pros has two distinct types fiction and
non-fiction to differentiate the two
Pros fiction is imaginary or invented
stories written in Pros the events
characters and settings are typically
created by the
author examples of which are myths
fables
novels topic which is short story
while Pros non-fiction refers to factual
writing that deals with real events
people and information presented in PR
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form reports journals articles essays
textbooks and
biographies going back to our topic let
me Define what short story is a short
story is a brief self-contained
narrative written in Pros to describe it
further here are some of its defining
characteristics length short stories are
brief typically ranging from 1,000 to
10,000 words focusing on a compact
narrative short stories as the name
implies are much shorter as compared to
novels which typically ranges from
40,000 to 100,000 words next in terms of
plot complexity short stories have
single plot it usually revolves around
one central conflict or event without
multiple subplots unlike novels which
can have multiple plots and
subplots limited characters short
stories often feature a small number of
characters concentrating on their
development and role in the
plot Focus
setting the setting is typically limited
to one or two locations enhancing the
story's focus and
imy unity of effect every element
including dialogue setting and character
action works toward creating a single
unified emotional or thematic
impact theme short stories often explore
a Single theme or message giving readers
a clear
takeaway economy of language language is
precise and efficient with no room for
Unnecessary details making every word
contribute to the overall
effect here are some of the most
well-known Philippine short stories dead
stars by Pas Marquez benites consider
the first modern Filipino short story in
English it explores thems of Love desire
and delution M the mats by Francisco
arcela a poignant story about family and
loss focusing on a father who brings
personalized sleeping mats for his
children including those who have passed
away footnote to Youth by Jose Garcia
Vila This story addresses the
consequences of early marriage and youth
impulsiveness with deep Reflections on
mature it and
regret the summer solstice by Nick
quakin a story set during the St John's
Day Festival it delves into gender roles
tradition and the conflict between
Colonial and Native
culture my father goes to court by
Carlos bulosan a humorous and satirical
take on poverty this story deals with a
poor family's joyful outlook on life
despite their financial
hardships the Virgin by Kima poan Tua
this story explores the internal
conflict of a woman dealing with
loneliness societal expectations and her
suppressed
desires how my brother Leon brought home
a wife by Manuel e arilia a rural story
about a man's journey to introduce his
City born wife to his family touching on
cultural differences and acceptance
now let's proceed to discussing the
elements of a short story let's start
off with setting the setting of a short
story refers to the time and place in
which the story's events occur it
includes not only the physical location
but also the cultural social and
historical context that surrounds the
narrative in a short story the setting
is typically more focused and limited
compared to a noal due to the shorter
length here are the key aspects of
setting in a short story place the
specific location where the story
unfolds example is a village City home
or
Forest time when the story takes place
which could be a specific time of day
season year or historical
period social environment the cultural
social or political conditions that
influence the characters such as
societal Norms Traditions or class
Dynamics atmosphere the mood or tone
created by the setting which can impact
how the reader perceives the story
example a gloomy tense or peaceful
environment here are some examples for
each key aspect of setting Place example
is in the map by Francisco
arcelia the setting is primarily within
a family home in a rural Filipino
Community the story focuses on the
family's home and their emotional
response to the gifts of mats
highlighting the significance of
domestic space and family
traditions time example is the summer
solstice by Nick hin the story takes
place during the early 20th century
specifically Ally around the time of the
St John's Day Festival the historical
period reflects the blend of colonial
and local Traditions impacting the
stories themes and
characters social environment example is
in my father goes to court by Carlos
bulosan the social environment reflects
the harsh realities of poverty and class
struggles in pre-World War II
Philippines the story portrays the
econom IC disparities between the rich
and the poor influencing the character's
interactions and the story's conflict
atmosphere example in dead stars by Pas
Marquez Benitez the atmosphere is one of
quiet disillusionment and
introspection the setting of The Story
which includes domestic and social
spaces in early 20th century Manila
creates a mood of nostalgia and subtle
Mill
as the protagonist reflects on his
choices and lost
opportunities now let's discuss about
characters a character is a person or
sometimes even an animal who takes part
in the action of a short story or other
literary work the character or
characters are introduced in the
exposition part of the plot the series
of events are the plot of the story
shows every detail that the characters
experience which reveals the character's
traits and
development although the character is
the product of the writer's imagination
the character represents a real
person we have two classifications of
characters based on their roles and
relationships within a story protagonist
the main or leading character of the
story whom makes key decisions that
affect the plot of the story
talog antagonist the character who
opposes or or conflicts with the main
character Contra for example in the
story Dara Dara is the protagonist or
the vaa while Valentina is the
antagonist or the
contraida we also have another
classification of character used to
describe different types of character
development they indicate how characters
evolve or remain static throughout a
story dynamic or round character they
are the characters in the story who
change accept changes act and view the
changes as part of their role as human
beings they are often known as the hero
or heroine since they undergo changes
they possess Dynamic traits and the
changes they face depend on the
situation for example in the fairy tale
Cinderella Cinderella is a dynamic
character because she under goes
significant change and growth through
out the story initially she is a
mistreated and oppressed young woman but
as the narrative progresses she
transforms into a confident and self
assured individual who secures her own
happiness and social elevation her
experiences and actions particularly the
magical transformation and her behavior
at the royal ball reveal her inner
strength and resilience highlighting her
development from a victim to a
triumphant
heroine flat or static characters they
are the characters that do not change
they remain static or stagnant
throughout the story as the Story begins
the flat character characters are static
and stays as they are until the end of
the story they help bring out the best
in the main characters or the
protagonist for example the stepmother
of Cinderella is an example of a flat
character throughout the story she
consistently embodies the role of the
antagonist exhibiting traits such as
cruelty jealousy and vanity her
motivations and behaviors do not change
she remains a steadfast source of
conflict and hardship for Cinderella the
Stepmother's character serves to
highlight the contrast between herself
and Cinderella reinforcing the story's
moral and
themes there is a method used to analyze
how authors reveal characters
personalities and traits without
explicitly stating them and this method
is called steel still is often used as a
method of indirect
characterization here's how each element
of Steel contributes to indirect
characterization s for speech what the
character says and how they express
themselves their choice of words tone
and manner of speaking reveal aspects of
their personality and emotions t for
thoughts character's internal thoughts
and feelings this give insight into
their inner life and personal struggles
showing what they value or fear e for
effect on others toward the
character how other characters respond
to or are affected by the character this
reflects how the character is perceived
and their impact on those around them a
for actions what the character does
their actions and behaviors demonstrate
their traits and motivations
often showing more about their
personality than their words and L for
looks the characters physical appearance
and how they present themselves this can
indicate their social status personality
or State of
Mind here are some graphic organizers
used to analyze a character in the story
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first is the
exposition it usually occurs at the
beginning of a short story here the
characters are
introduced we also learn about the
setting of the
story this section also presents other
facts necessary to understanding the
story as mentioned in the exposition
part the setting is revealed and the
characters are
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introduced setting in its simplest
context is the time and place where the
story
occurs here is a sample
Exposition one Sunny morning Alysa a
12-year-old girl was sitting at their
sofa watching TV waiting for her mom to
return home from the market she was
about to sip a glass of her favorite
juice when she suddenly heard a knock on
their door in this example the time
is one Sunny morning and the place
although implied is basically at the
house on the other hand character is
defined as the people or animals in the
story and in this example the character
is Alysa
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it is common for a story to have two
types of
characters the protagonist or in our
language is the Bida and the antagonist
or what we call as the
contraida now let's proceed to the
second part of the plot diagram the
rising
action this part includes all the events
that lead to the climax it also presents
some type of
conflict conflict is the struggle
between two forces in the story it also
provides interest suspense and
tension let's review the common types of
conflict which I know you have already
learned in the previous
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years Man versus men in the given
example that isard of the lisai against
B the character of Baron gisler in the
action TV series Ang
provinciano Man Versus
Society who can forget the box office
hit Korean film miracle in Cell number
seven that featured a mentally
challenged man who was wrongfully
imprisoned for
murder man versus self the character of
Tom Rodriguez in a 2013 GMA TV series
my husband's lover battled against
himself as he tried to conceal his real
identity of being
gay man versus nature a type of conflict
presented in the 1997 American disaster
film Titanic whereby a luxerious sheep
hit a North Atlantic Iceberg which caed
many of its passengers to fight for
their lives in order to
survive man versus
technology so this picture is about an
ordinary man fighting against Iron Man a
superhero created by advanced
technology Man versus
Supernatural a conflict between a
character and something that is not
normal in some way Supernatural elements
include ghosts omond and
superstitions let's proceed to the third
part of the plot which is the climax it
is considered to be the highest point
this is the turning point of the story
usually the main character comes face to
face with a conflict the main character
will change in some way in the climax
some questions will run into the minds
of the reader will the character
survive what will happen when the main
character and the killer meet will the
husband and and wife go in separate ways
and sort of things like
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that falling action is the fourth part
of the plot here the conflicts or the
problems encountered by the main
character are given Solutions and
starting to be
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resolved the last part of the plot
diagram is the resolution where the
story comes to a reasonable ending or
simply it is the ending of The
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Story theme theme refers to the central
idea message or underlying meaning that
the author wants to convey it's the
deeper insight about life Society or
human nature that emerges through the
plot characters and setting themes are
often Universal addressing topics like
love conflict Identity or morality and
they offer the reader something to think
about beyond the surface events of the
story an example of a theme in a
Filipino short story is the impact of
poverty on human
dignity in my father goes to court by
Carlos bulosan the theme explores the
contrast between the rich and the poor
and how dignity and happiness are not
solely tied to material wealth the story
humorously depicts a poor family being
accused by a wealthy neighbor of
stealing the scent of their food despite
their poverty the family's joyful spirit
and sense of humor highlight that wealth
is not the measure of once's Worth or
happiness the theme touches on social
class disparities resilience and the
strength of Family Ties which are common
themes in Filipino literature
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