AP World History (WHAP) Unit 1: The Global Tapestry 1200-1450
Summary
TLDRIn this episode of Antisocial Studies, the focus shifts to Unit One: The Global Tapestry, which explores the world around the year 1200. The unit deviates from traditional history by examining various civilizations simultaneously rather than chronologically. Key civilizations like the Song Dynasty, Dar al-Islam, and the Aztecs are highlighted, emphasizing their unique strategies for power and innovation. The video also discusses the significance of trade routes and how states like those along the Indian Ocean and in Africa leveraged them for power. The host suggests using the SPICE themes (Society, Politics, Interaction with the Environment, Culture, Economy, and Technology) to organize notes for better understanding and comparison of these diverse civilizations.
Takeaways
- 🌐 The video introduces Unit One of the AP World History curriculum, focusing on the 'Global Tapestry' around the year 1200.
- 🕰 This unit is described as 'awkward' due to its lack of a traditional narrative or chronological order, instead examining civilizations existing around the same time period.
- 🌍 The concept of the 'global tapestry' involves exploring different civilizations and their activities during the 1200s, akin to a 'roll call' of the world's major players at that time.
- 📅 Dates are less critical in this unit, except when considering the impact of one civilization conquering another, such as the Mongols' conquests.
- 🏛 The video highlights the importance of understanding the Song Dynasty in East Asia and Dar al-Islam, representing the Islamic world, including the Abbasid Caliphate and Muslim Spain.
- 🏰 It discusses the decline of the Abbasid and Song dynasties and the rise of new powers like the Mamluks in Egypt and the Turks in the Middle East.
- 🛶 The script introduces the idea of city-states and kingdoms that gained power through control of trade routes, particularly in the Indian Ocean, such as those along the Swahili Coast and Southeast Asia.
- 🇪🇺 The video contrasts Europe's situation during the Middle Ages, with the continent still struggling to emerge from this period and beginning to establish rights through the Magna Carta.
- 💡 The main theme of Unit One is the dominance of African, Asian, and American states, with cities like Baghdad and Hangzhou being the cultural and economic centers of the world.
- 📚 The video emphasizes the importance of answering how states gained and maintained power, including through belief systems, innovation, and trade.
- 📈 It suggests using the SPICE themes (Society, Politics, Interaction with the Environment, Culture, Economy, and Technology) to organize notes and compare different civilizations.
Q & A
What is the main theme of Unit One in the AP World History course?
-The main theme of Unit One is the global tapestry, focusing on the different civilizations around the year 1200 and how they gained and maintained power.
Why is Unit One described as 'awkward' in the video?
-Unit One is described as 'awkward' because it does not follow a traditional historical narrative or broad chronology; instead, it involves examining various civilizations around the same time period without a clear order.
What is the significance of the year 1200 in Unit One?
-The year 1200 is significant as it serves as the reference point for examining the various civilizations and their conditions during that time, without a strict chronological order.
What does 'Dar al-Islam' refer to in the context of the video?
-'Dar al-Islam' refers to the collective Islamic world, encompassing various civilizations connected by the religion of Islam and located in what is now considered the cultural Middle East.
How does the video describe the rise of city-states along the Indian Ocean trade routes?
-The video describes the rise of city-states along the Indian Ocean trade routes as new types of kingdoms and states that gained and maintained power by controlling trade rather than traditional land-based empires.
What is the role of the 'House of Wisdom' in Baghdad according to the video?
-The 'House of Wisdom' in Baghdad is depicted as a center of scholarship and learning, where Islamic leaders funded research and encouraged the exchange of ideas, leading to advancements in various fields.
What is the significance of the Song Dynasty in the context of the video?
-The Song Dynasty is significant as it represents a traditional land-based empire in East Asia with a focus on urbanization, innovation, and the use of Confucianism to create unity and progress.
How does the video explain the concept of state religion and its role in state power?
-The video explains that state religion was used by various civilizations to gain legitimacy and unity. It could be used for political control, as seen in the Aztecs and Inca, or to create a sense of unity and innovation, as in the Song Dynasty.
What is the importance of the 'Spice TEA' themes in organizing notes for Unit One?
-The 'Spice TEA' themes (Society, Politics, Interaction with the Environment, Culture, Economy, and Technology) are important for organizing notes as they provide a structured way to compare different civilizations and understand their methods of gaining and maintaining power.
How does the video suggest students should take notes for Unit One?
-The video suggests that students should take notes using the 'Spice TEA' themes, creating a chart for each civilization to easily compare and contrast their political systems, cultural practices, and methods of innovation and trade.
What is the role of trade in the rise of African kingdoms like Mali according to the video?
-According to the video, African kingdoms like Mali rose to prominence by capitalizing on their position on major Saharan trade routes, serving as a gateway to sub-Saharan Africa for other civilizations and controlling the trade of valuable goods like gold and salt.
Outlines
🌏 Unit One: The Global Tapestry Introduction
This paragraph introduces Unit One of the AP World History course, focusing on the 'global tapestry' concept. The instructor explains that this unit is unconventional, as it doesn't follow a traditional narrative or chronological order. Instead, it involves examining various civilizations around the year 1200, akin to a 'roll call' of the world at that time. The instructor uses the metaphor of 'Bill and Ted' time traveling to illustrate the idea of exploring different regions like East Asia, the Middle East, Africa, etc., without a linear historical progression. The paragraph emphasizes that while dates are less critical in this unit, understanding the interactions and conquests, particularly of the Mongols, is important. A visual map is suggested for identifying key civilizations like the Song Dynasty in East Asia and Dar al-Islam in the Middle East, among others.
🏰 Traditional Empires and the Rise of Trade-Based Kingdoms
The second paragraph delves into the distinction between traditional land-based empires and the emerging trade-based kingdoms and city-states. It highlights the Song Dynasty and Dar al-Islam as examples of land-based empires, the latter being in decline during this period, with the rise of powers like the Mamluks and Turks. The paragraph also discusses the significance of the Indian Ocean trade routes and the emergence of city-states along the Swahili coast and Southeast Asia, which gained power by controlling trade rather than producing goods. Examples include Malacca and Srivijaya, which, despite being small, held significant influence due to their strategic positions. The paragraph concludes with a comparison of Europe during the Middle Ages, which was less developed compared to the flourishing civilizations in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
📚 Guiding Questions for Understanding State Power Dynamics
In this paragraph, the instructor provides a guiding question for students to consider throughout their study of Unit One: 'How did states gain and maintain power?' The focus is on understanding the different strategies employed by various states, such as using belief systems for legitimacy, promoting innovation and exchange through urban development, and benefiting from trade by controlling strategic locations. The paragraph provides examples of how different civilizations, like the Aztecs, Inca, and Islamic states, used religion for political control and unity. It also mentions the importance of cities like Baghdad's House of Wisdom and the Song Dynasty's urban policies in fostering innovation. Lastly, the paragraph suggests using the 'SPICE' themes (Society, Politics, Interaction with the Environment, Culture, Economy, and Technology) to organize notes effectively, with a reference to a template available on the instructor's website.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Global Tapestry
💡AP Exam
💡Chronology
💡Song Dynasty
💡Dar al-Islam
💡Mamluks
💡Indian Ocean Trade
💡Swahili Coast
💡Magna Carta
💡Neo-Confucianism
💡House of Wisdom
💡Angkor Wat
💡Mansa Musa
💡SPICE
Highlights
Introduction to the AP exam content focusing on Unit One: The Global Tapestry.
Explanation of the unique structure of Unit One, emphasizing its non-traditional history approach.
The concept of 'time travel' to the year 1200 to examine civilizations existing at that time.
Emphasis on the lack of importance for dates in Unit One, except in cases of civilizations conquering each other.
Identification of the main civilizations of the year 1200, including the Song Dynasty and Dar al-Islam.
Discussion of the decline of the Abbasid and Song dynasties and the rise of new powers like the Mamluks and Turks.
Introduction to land-based empires like the Aztecs and Inca, and their comparison to the Roman Empire.
Emergence of trade-centered kingdoms and city-states along the Indian Ocean trade routes.
Description of the Swahili coast city-states and Southeast Asian kingdoms that controlled trade.
Contrast between European Middle Ages and the thriving civilizations of Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
The significance of Baghdad and Hangzhou as the 'New York and London' of the late post-classical era.
Guiding question for students: How did states gain and maintain power?
Analysis of how belief systems were used for legitimacy and political control in civilizations like the Aztecs and Inca.
The role of cities as hubs for innovation and exchange, exemplified by the Song Dynasty and Baghdad.
How states benefited from trade and their strategic positions on major trade routes.
The rise of powerful African trading kingdoms like Mali and their control over the Saharan trade routes.
Advice on using the SPICE themes (Society, Politics, Interaction, Culture, Economy, Technology) to organize notes.
Availability of a SPICE chart template on the instructor's website for note-taking guidance.
Transcripts
hey welcome back to antisocial studies
uh today we're starting content we're
starting the stuff that's gonna show up
on the ap exam so
hopefully you've already watched my
welcome to what video and you've already
watched my unit zero overview that one's
a lot longer than these videos are to be
because like trying to cover 10 000
years in 20 minutes
but today we're gonna start talking
about unit one the global tapestry
what does the global tapestry mean uh
i don't know this unit's super awkward
just prepare yourselves emotionally and
mentally for the fact that this unit's
really awkward
it's not a traditional history unit
because there's not really a narrative
there's not really this broad chronology
essentially what we're doing in unit one
is we're just like hopping into the year
1200 and looking around and seeing who's
there
it's sort of like i call it my roll call
unit so imagine that we're bill and ted
in our time traveling phone booth we get
dropped into the year 1200
we're basically just hopping around
going hey what's happening in east asia
cool what's going on in the middle east
great what's happening in africa
so on and so forth um so the good news
here is that dates aren't super
important for this unit because
really it's like you're just looking at
things that are all happening at around
the same time
ish give or take a few hundred years the
only time chronology or dates are going
to matter is if like
one civilization gets conquered by
another well then obviously you need to
know that that they're not existing at
the same time
spoiler alert i'm really just talking
about the mongols right the mongols sort
of come
towards the end of this time period and
just conquer a lot of these places
so let's look at a map and just kind of
visualize like what are the main
civilizations that you're probably going
to read about or learn about
some of these you've heard of a lot of
them you probably haven't i'm not going
to go in depth on all of these but i do
just want to like point out a few things
that you might want to notice
so um let me pull out my pen and i'm
going to make you're going to notice
uh two different things happening i'll
make green for kind of traditional
land-based empires
so like in 1.1 right you're going to
look into
east asia and you're going to learn
about the song dynasty which is a big
kind of traditional chinese dynasty
then you're going to hop over and you're
going to look at a thing called dar al
islam
which basically means the house of islam
it's kind of the entire islamic world it
sort of includes the delhi sultanate the
abbasid are kind of the main power
within there
all the way up to muslim spain
um and so you're going to see this
dharal islam which basically means all
these different civilizations that kind
of
are connected by the religion of islam
and are all kind of located in what we
now think of as the cultural middle east
again the abbasid is the main one they
kind of do a lot of the spreading of
islamic culture
um but you're also going to read about
others within the abbasid empire
because basically by the 1200s the
abbasid and the song dinosaur are both
kind of falling apart
and so you might get a little confused
because you'll read about the abbasids
but then you'll also read about these
people called like the mamluks
in egypt or the turks that are coming
into
the middle east and you're like wait
what's happening it's all happening at
the same time
basically we're hopping into the middle
east when this massive
golden age empire is in its decline and
so we're seeing it sort of breaking
apart
um you're also going to hop over and
you're gonna notice other kind of
land-based kingdoms like the aztecs
in modern day mexico the inca that have
this massive empire that's like bigger
than the roman empire was
um all throughout the andes but
another thing you're also gonna notice
is the rise of these
new types of kingdoms in states
that are centered on trade specifically
the indian ocean the indian ocean trade
is like
the most important trade route for the
vast majority of history and so what
you're going to notice
is these kind of city-states popping up
along what we call the swahili coast in
east africa
you're going to notice a lot of smaller
southeast asian kingdoms that dominate
one or a few islands malacca is like
just a tiny little city-state that like
uh dominates this strait of melaka
srivijaya is another one the majba heat
at their height
um control like 98 other tributary
cities
but basically what's unique about a lot
of these kingdoms
is that they don't quite produce they're
not traditional kingdoms or empires they
don't really produce
as much stuff yeah they like produce
spices and that sort of thing
but for the most part these states gain
and maintain their power by controlling
trade
right so if you're these swahili coast
um city-states
you're controlling the trade of like
gold and salt kind of out to the indian
ocean
if you're one of these southeast asian
kingdoms you're kind of controlling
access to china
really and so this is something where a
lot of these states might be ones you've
never
heard of before um you do kind of need
to understand some of these are like
buddhist kingdoms some of them are hindu
there's a lot of cultural differences
but if we're really going to
oversimplify you basically have the
green
which are kind of more traditional
land-based empires or kingdoms but then
you have these new
smaller kingdoms or city-states again
they're not united they're just kind of
dotting the coasts
that are rising up and taking advantage
of the growing trade routes across the
indian
ocean meanwhile let me get my like
what's oh i don't even have like a brown
i guess i'll do like a red
uh meanwhile europe is in his middle
middle ages right
europe is still kind of struggling to
come out of their middle ages
we're hopping into this time period kind
of in the middle of the crusades we're
hopping in right when england is kind of
starting to decide that some noble
people have rights in the magna carta
but the point is the main theme of unit
one
and this time period in general is that
african
asian and american states are crushing
it they
are dominating the world right everyone
is looking to the islamic world
and the chinese world to figure out like
what's the height of civilization
baghdad and hangzhou one of the main
cities in the song dynasty are like the
new york and
london of the late post-classical era
and so really the only thing we really
need to think about with england is how
they are juxtaposed or different from
the rest of these the rest of these
empires and kingdoms they're still
really struggling to be united they're
struggling to kind of
gain any sort of foothold in this
powerful
asian african world um foreshadowing
right for when they're gonna start like
salem places to figure out how they can
compete
okay so really there's one guiding
question
as you're going through your class as
you're reading your textbook
you really just want to make sure that
if nothing else you can answer this
question
in a lot of detail how did states gain
and maintain power
um or how did they attempt to that
doesn't mean they were always successful
right and so um these are questions
you're going to have to answer
i can't go into all this detail for you
right now but in general you're going to
want to think about how did states use
belief systems to gain
legitimacy so when you're reading and
you see you see
um the textbook or your teacher talking
about a state religion you'd want to
take note of that
for example in the aztecs and the inca
to a lesser extent we see human
sacrifice
being used as a tool for political
control and that's also linked to their
religious beliefs
um we're gonna vote we're gonna see um
some states that put
their religion it's an outside religion
on top of the native religion
this middle picture is uh the kutub
minhar and i'm sorry if i'm saying that
wrong
in the delhi sultanate right because the
delhi sultanate is going to be
muslims invading india and taking over
and so this building is literally like
it's a minaret and a mosque that's
built using the ruins of like a hindu
temple and so it's this kind of mixture
of these different religions
and symbolic of the islamic conquest
of at least northern what we think of as
india today
and then you're going to see other
states like the song dynasty and china
kind of forever that are using their
state religion
to create unity and to create progress
and innovation
so the song dynasty really re-emphasizes
confucianism
they're going to add in some elements of
outside religions like buddhism
and create neo-confucianism these are a
bunch of scholars taking the confucian
exams right because they have this
really intricate bureaucracy
where you basically have to be a member
of this scholar gentry you have to have
tested into
this confucian elite to be any part of
the government
and so you know you should be noticing
different strategies and different ways
that states
use belief systems sometimes it's
through kind of conquest and
intimidation some
again sometimes it's for unity dara
islam is another great example using
islam to kind of unite that world
together
another question you're going to want to
be able to answer is how did states
promote innovation
and exchange and what you're really
going to look at here is like cities
where are there these really powerful
cities where there's a lot of different
diverse groups coming together and
sharing ideas
the two best examples are in this
picture over on the left the song
dynasty
um was incredibly urban they had these
massive cities some of over a million
people
that brought together people from all
over really the asian world
uh the song dynasty is going to
eliminate curfews they're going to say
you can stay out as late as you want
which is going to lead to people
exploring the city meeting new types of
people
and they're going to really encourage
innovation through education on the far
right this is a picture from the house
of wisdom in baghdad i'm gonna do a deep
dive on the house of wisdom
uh and i think my next video but that's
it baghdad is another great example of a
really diverse cosmopolitan city
where the islamic leaders the abbasid
caliphs are like
directly funding scholarship they're
direct and they're going and visiting
the scholars and sitting and having
these like socratic seminars
about ancient indian greek roman
writings
and really encouraging a lot of new
discovery in math and science as well
um another state that's really good at
this are the inca so you're going to
want to notice
when we talk about the american states
their innovation is going to look a
little bit different
it's mostly going to be focused on like
agriculture and interacting with the
environment right because their
environment is a lot more difficult
you're in the middle of the andes
mountains
the last question you're going to want
to answer within this is how are states
benefiting from trade how are they using
their
position on major trade routes to gain
more gain or maintain more power so
you're going to see states like the
khmer kingdom this is encore wat
in the ancient capital encore of the
khmer kingdom they were a massive
trading city an agricultural empire
that was really where a ton of different
cultures come together angkor wat is a
great example
of like a mix of buddhist and hindu
architecture um and they really
capitalize on the fact the camaro right
here over where cambodia is
they really capitalize on being able to
provide they're kind of like the bread
basket for
east asia right they're in southeast
asia
um you're also gonna see if you go over
to the far right
these other southeast asian kingdoms
really capitalizing on
being in the middle of this trade
between
basically the islamic middle east this
the south asian indian continent
and china right if you're in between any
of those you're golden
if you can just get on some sort of port
city and like charge people a lot of
money to pass through it
um lastly we're going to see the rise of
some really powerful african trading
kingdoms
uh the most famous is mali this is mansa
musa who is still
in theory the wealthiest man in all of
world history as far as we can tell
they really capitalize on being on top
of these saharan trade routes
and so they're really kind of like the
door or the gateway to sub-saharan
africa
for europeans who are coming out of the
dark middle ages
for the islamic world who want that gold
salt and they want enslaved people
to kind of trade across the indian ocean
world okay so those are the big main
things
again remember your guiding question is
just how did these states gain and
maintain power
now one tip before i go is that if i
were you and i were
taking notes on my textbook i would use
the spice tea
themes of the class to organize your
notes so if you're not familiar the ap
world history class has six major themes
that can be really helpful
for like organizing your thoughts when
you have a unit like this that's just
like oh my god it's like a grab bag of a
bunch of different civilizations
essentially this stands for society
politics
interaction with the environment culture
economy and technology
um i have a more in-depth explanation
and a blank template of a spicy chart
up on my website for free at
antisocialstudies.org
so what i would suggest is that as
you're taking notes um take them in this
sort of format have a spicy chart
for the song dynasty in east asia and
then as you learn about things as you
learn about how their political system
works
just put it in the table under politics
because again chronology in this unit
doesn't matter as much as being able to
put civilizations next to each other
and compare them and so if you take
notes this way really
just in this unit for the most part this
isn't necessarily always the best way to
take notes but for unit one it can be
really helpful
to just be able to like get everything
on one page and go okay
i can make some sort of direct
comparisons and i have like each of
these civilizations in a little snapshot
again if you're not sure what that might
look like go check out my website
antisocialcities.org
okay till next time bye
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