History of Philippine Educational System
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the history of the Philippine educational system, highlighting its evolution from informal pre-colonial practices to the structured Spanish-era education, and further through American influence, Commonwealth period, and Japanese occupation. It discusses the shifts in curriculum focus, from religious teachings to democratic ideals, vocational training, and nationalism. The script also covers post-colonial developments, including the K-12 program and the integration of values education, emphasizing the importance of understanding educational history to inform present and future reforms.
Takeaways
- 📚 The Philippine educational system has evolved from informal and unstructured pre-colonial education to a formal and organized system influenced by Spanish, American, and Japanese eras.
- 🌐 Education in the pre-colonial period was decentralized, with vocational training being more emphasized than academics, taught by tribal tutors known as babaylan or katalunan.
- ⛪ The Spanish era introduced formal schooling with an authoritarian nature, focusing on religious education and replacing tribal tutors with Spanish missionaries.
- 📜 The Educational Decree of 1863 established a complete system of education in the Philippines, including compulsory attendance between ages 7 and 12, with a curriculum centered on religion but also including secular subjects.
- 🏫 During the American regime, democratic ideals were promoted, and a system of free and compulsory elementary education was established, with the University of the Philippines being founded in 1908.
- 🏛 The Commonwealth period emphasized nationalism, vocational education, and discipline, with the teaching of Filipino national language and the life of Filipino heroes being mandated in schools.
- 🎓 The Japanese occupation aimed to eradicate reliance on Western states, foster a new Filipino culture based on oriental consciousness, and promote the diffusion of the Japanese language in the Philippines.
- 🏛️ Post-colonial Philippine education aimed at realizing democratic ideals, with the civil service eligibility of teachers being made permanent and a daily flag ceremony being compulsory in all schools.
- 📈 The 1973 Constitution outlined the fundamental aims of education, including fostering love of country, teaching duties of citizenship, and developing moral, self-discipline, and scientific, technological, and vocational efficiency.
- 🔄 The educational system has seen various developments, including the introduction of new courses, media of instruction policies, and the trifocalization of the education system focusing on basic education, technical education, and higher education.
- 📝 The Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001 and the Kindergarten Act of 2012, along with the K-12 program, have significantly reformed the structure of basic education in the Philippines, aiming to provide a comprehensive and well-rounded education.
Q & A
What was the nature of education during the pre-colonial period in the Philippines?
-Education during the pre-colonial period in the Philippines was informal, unstructured, and decentralized. It was vocationally focused, with parents teaching their children practical skills for livelihood and household chores.
How did the Spanish era change the educational system in the Philippines?
-The Spanish era introduced formal and organized education, characterized by an authoritarian nature. Spanish missionaries replaced tribal tutors, and the curriculum was centered around religious teachings, with separate schools for boys and girls.
What was the significance of the Educational Decree of 1863 in the Philippine educational system?
-The Educational Decree of 1863 established a complete system of education from elementary to collegiate levels. It mandated the creation of elementary schools in all municipalities and included a curriculum with subjects like reading, writing, arithmetic, history, and Christian doctrine.
What were the key features of the American regime's educational system in the Philippines?
-The American regime promoted democratic ideals and a democratic way of life. It established a system of free and compulsory elementary education, reopened schools previously maintained by the Spanish, and introduced the University of the Philippines as the first state school of university status.
How did the Commonwealth period (1935-1942) approach education in the Philippines?
-During the Commonwealth period, free education in public schools was provided nationwide, with an emphasis on vocational education, household activities, and nationalism. Good manners, discipline, and the teaching of Filipino national language were also prioritized.
What were the educational aims during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines?
-The aims of education during the Japanese occupation included understanding the Philippines' position in the East Asia co-prosperity sphere, eradicating reliance on Western states, fostering a new Filipino culture, elevating moral values, diffusing elementary and vocational education, promoting the Japanese language, and developing a love for labor.
What was the role of the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS) in the post-colonial Philippines?
-The DECS was responsible for the governance of the basic education system, including the implementation of policies and programs that aimed to realize democratic ideals and prepare students for tertiary education, employment, and citizenship.
What is the significance of the K-12 program in the Philippines?
-The K-12 program, established by Republic Act 10533, covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education, aiming to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for higher education, skills development, and entrepreneurship.
What is the purpose of studying the history of education in the Philippines?
-Studying the history of education helps understand and solve current educational issues rooted in the past, shapes the future by learning from present conditions influenced by history, and provides a perspective that illuminates present educational activities.
How has the role of values education evolved in the Philippine curriculum?
-Values education has been integrated into all learning areas and is offered as a separate subject in the new secondary education curriculum, emphasizing the development of moral, self-discipline, and civic responsibilities.
What is the significance of the Governance of Basic Education Act (Republic Act 9155) in the Philippine educational system?
-Republic Act 9155 transformed the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports into the Department of Education, refining the roles of field offices and providing a framework for school head empowerment, school-based management, and transparency and local accountability.
Outlines
📚 History of Philippine Education
This paragraph delves into the historical development of the Philippine educational system, emphasizing its reflection of societal nature and character. It begins with the pre-colonial period, characterized by informal and decentralized education focused on vocational training, with tribal tutors known as 'babaylan' or 'katalunan'. The Spanish era introduced formal, authoritarian education with a religious core curriculum. The 1863 Educational Decree established a complete education system, making attendance compulsory for children aged 7 to 12. The American regime brought democratic ideals and compulsory elementary education, leading to the establishment of the University of the Philippines in 1908. The Commonwealth period saw free public education and an emphasis on nationalism and vocational education.
🏛 Evolution of Philippine Education Policies
The second paragraph outlines the evolution of educational policies in the Philippines, starting with the Japanese occupation, which aimed to eradicate Western influence and promote a new Filipino culture based on oriental consciousness. Post-colonial education focused on democratic ideals and the civil service eligibility of teachers. The 1973 Constitution set forth the fundamental aims of education, including fostering love of country and developing moral discipline. The paragraph also covers the integration of values in learning areas, the introduction of new courses, bilingual education policy, and the establishment of the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports. It concludes with the governance reforms introduced by Republic Act 9155, emphasizing school head empowerment and school-based management.
📈 Current Developments and Importance of Educational History
The final paragraph discusses the current developments in the Philippine educational system, such as the trifocal education system, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). It highlights the passage of Republic Act 9155, which transformed the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS) into the Department of Education (DepEd), and the introduction of the K-12 program aimed at providing a comprehensive basic education. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the importance of studying educational history, as articulated by John Dewey, to understand and solve current problems, shape the future, and provide perspective on present activities.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Educational System
💡Societal Reflection
💡Pre-Colonial Education
💡Spanish Era
💡American Regime
💡Educational Decree of 1863
💡Commonwealth Period
💡Japanese Occupation
💡Post-Colonial Philippines
💡K-12 Program
💡Values Education
Highlights
Education in the pre-colonial Philippines was informal, unstructured, and decentralized, focusing on vocational training for children to become good husbands and wives.
During the Spanish era, education became formal and organized with an authoritarian nature, emphasizing Christian doctrines and religious practices.
The Educational Decree of 1863 established a complete system of education in the Philippines, including compulsory attendance for children aged 7 to 12.
American regime (1898-1946) promoted democratic ideals and introduced a system of free and compulsory elementary education.
The University of the Philippines was founded in 1908, marking the first state school of university status in the country.
Commonwealth period emphasized nationalism, vocational education, and discipline, with the teaching of Filipino national language and history.
Japanese occupation aimed to eradicate reliance on Western states and foster a new Filipino culture based on an Oriental consciousness.
Post-colonial Philippine education aimed at realizing democratic ideals, with a focus on civil service eligibility for teachers and daily flag ceremonies.
The 1973 Constitution outlined the fundamental aims of education, including fostering love of country and developing moral self-discipline.
Integration of values in all learning areas and the introduction of new courses like YDT and CAT marked developments in the educational system.
The Education Act of 1982 created the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports, streamlining the educational system.
The trifocal education system refocused the Department of Education's mandate to basic education, covering elementary, secondary, and non-formal education.
The Governance of Basic Education Act in 2001 transformed the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports into the Department of Education, emphasizing school-based management.
The Kindergarten Act institutionalized kindergarten education into the basic education system, ensuring early childhood education.
The K-12 program, established in 2013, covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education, aiming to develop lifelong learners and prepare graduates for higher education or employment.
Studying the history of education helps understand and solve current problems, shape the future, and illuminate present activities for teachers.
Transcripts
[Music]
hello everyone
how are you today i hope you are doing
well
today we are going to talk about the
history of the philippine educational
system
let us also see how the nature and
character of the philippine society
are reflected in the education process
in different periods of philippian
history
after watching this video discussion you
will be able to trace the history of
philippine educational system
class as we talked about the philippine
educational system
just remember this sociological concept
which is the focus of this lesson
that education is a function of a
society
and as such what are taught in schools
arise
from the nature and character of society
itself
what society considers important is what
schools teach
let's start with education during the
pre-colonial
period education was informal
and unstructured back then it is also
decentralized
fathers taught their sons how to look
for food and other means livelihood
mothers taught their daughters to do the
household chores
this education basically prepared their
children to become
good husband and wives children are
provided
more vocational training and lesser
academics
teachers are tribal tutors we call them
babailan or katalunan
next is education during the spanish era
education was formal and organized this
time
it was authoritarian in nature tribal
shooters of the pre-spanish period were
replaced by spanish missionaries
pupils attended formal schooling in the
patrol kill school
instructions was religion related
christian doctrines
sacred songs and music and prayers were
taught because they were required for
confession
and communion there was a separate
school for boys and girls
while the filipinos class or also called
the illustrators were accommodated in
schools
next we have the educational decree of
1863
this law gave filipinos a complete
system of education
from elementary to the collegiate level
the law provided for the establishment
of the elementary schools in all
municipalities in the country
all although religion was the core of
the curriculum
the curriculum included subjects like
reading
writing arithmetic history christian
decree
spanish language vocal music agriculture
for the boys and needlework for the
girls
attendance in school was compulsory
between the ages 7
and 12. now let's move on to education
during the american regime
in 1898-1946
the americans promoted democratic ideals
and the democratic way of life
the schools maintained by the spaniards
class for more than three centuries were
closed but were reopened on august 29
1898 by the secretary of the interior
a system of free and compulsory
elementary education
was established by the malolos
constitution
in may 1898 the first american school
was established in corydor
and shortly after the capture of manila
in 1899
seven schools were opened in the city
training class was done through the
schools both
public and secular named by chaplains
and military officers of the u.s army
homicides arrived in the philippines on
august 23
1901. the university of the philippines
was founded in 1908
university of the philippines class was
the first state school of university
status
the department of public instruction set
a three-level school system
the first level considered a four-year
primary
and three-year intermediate or
seven-year elementary curriculum
the second level was four-year junior
college and later
a four-year program
let's go to the commonwealth period that
is 1935
until 1942 free education in public
schools
was provided all over the country in
accordance with the 1935 constitution
vocational education and some household
activities sex suing
cooking and farming were also given
importance
education also emphasized nationalism so
that students were taught about the life
of the filipino heroes
vocational education and some household
activities
were also given importance good manners
and discipline were also taught to the
students
the institute of private education was
established in order to observe private
schools
formal adult education was also given
executive order number 134 of 1936 was
signed by president manuel al qaeda
designating iba bataisa tagalog
executive order number 217 otherwise
known as the cousin code of ethics
was taught in schools executive order
number 263
in 1940 required the teaching of the
filipino
national language in the senior year of
all high schools
and in all years in the normal schools
the education act of 1940 was approved
by the philippine embassy on august 7
1940 which provided for the following
first reduction of the seven year
elementary course to six years
second fixing the school entrance age at
seven
third national support for elementary
education
fourth compulsory attendance for primary
children enrolled in grade one
and lastly adoption of double single
sessions in the primary grade
with one teacher one class assignment of
intermediate teachers
moving on to the japanese occupation
the aims of education during japanese
education are the following
first make the people understand the
position of the philippines as a member
of the east asia
co-prosperity sphere second eradication
of the idea of reliance upon western
states particularly the u.s and great
britain
third fostering a new filipino culture
based on the consciousness
of people as orientals fourth
elevating the moral of the people giving
up
over emphasis to materialism
fifth diffusion of elementary education
and promotion of vocation education
sixth striving for the diffusion of
japanese language in the philippines
and the termination of the use of
english in schools
seventh developing in people the love of
labor
during the post-colonial philippines
education aimed at the full realization
of the democratic ideals and way of life
the civil service eligibility of
teachers
was made permanent pursuant to republic
act
1079 in june 15 1954
a daily flag ceremony was made
compulsory
in all schools including the singing of
the national anthem
pursuant to republic act 1265
approved on june 11 1955 curricular
offerings in all schools
the life the works and writings of dr
hassarizal
especially the noli me tangere and the
el filibusterismo
shall be included in all levels
elementary education was nationalized
and matriculation fees were abolished
magna carta for teachers was passed into
law by virtue of republic act 4670
class the fundamental aims of education
in the 1973 constitution
are the following foster love of country
teach the duties of citizenship develop
moral
self-discipline and scientific
technological and vocational efficiency
as the time passed their other
developments happen
in the educational system of the
philippines
we have integration values in all
learning areas
emphasis on mastery learning ydt and cat
introduced as new courses media of
instruction
bilingual education policy which
mandates the use of english and filipino
separately
as media of instruction in schools we
have education
act of 1982 which created the ministry
of education
culture and sports we also have the ncee
or the national college insurance
examination
another executive order number 117
signed by president corizon c aquino
renamed
ministry of education culture and sports
into dext in 1987
or department of education culture and
sports
another development is the creation of
the board of professional teachers
composed of five under prc or the
professional regulation commission
the replacement of bibet or the
professional board examination for
teachers
by let or the licensure examination for
teachers another development
is the transfer of authority of
administering the licensure examination
for teachers
from civil service commission and
department of education
culture and sports to the board of
professional teachers
under prc trifocalization of education
system was also introduced
as another development of our
educational system
the trifocal education system refocused
dex mandate to basic education
which covers elementary secondary and
non-formal education
including culture and sports testa
now administers the post-secondary
middle level manpower training and
development
by virtue of republic act 7796
tesla means technical education and
skills development act of 1994.
shed or the commission on higher
education is responsible
for higher education by virtue
of republic act 7722 or the higher
education act of 1994.
in august 2001 class republic act 9155
otherwise called the governance of basic
education act
was passed transforming the name
department of education
culture and sports or dex to the
department of education
or depp ed and refining the role of
field offices like
regional offices division offices
district offices and schools
republic act 9155 provide the overall
framework for example
in school head empowerment by
strengthening their leadership roles
and second school-based management
within the context
of transparency and local accountability
the goal of basic education is to
provide the school-aged population and
young adults with skills
knowledge and values to become caring
self-reliant
productive and patriotic citizens
values education is offered as a
separate subject
in the new secondary education
curriculum
and integrated in all subject areas in
both
curricula again and seconds the new
secondary education curriculum
in january 2020 2012 republic act 10157
was approved
it is also known as the kindergarten act
it is an act
institutionalizing the kindergarten
education
into the basic education system
and of course on may 15 2013
republic act 10533
also known as the k-12 program was fast
the k-12 program covers kindergarten and
12 years of basic education
that is six years of primary education
four years of junior high school and two
years of senior high school
to provide sufficient time for mastery
of concepts and skills
develop lifelong learners and prepare
graduates for tertiary education
middle level skills development
employment and entrepreneurship
now the question class is why do we need
to study all of this
why do we have to bother with the
educational goals of the past
which is fast and so we can no longer
undo it
class dewey explains why a study of
history of education is very important
and valuable
he gave three reasons number one
educational issues and problems are
often rooted to the past
the study of educational history can
help us
understand and solve today's problems
second realistic effort to reform
education
begin with present conditions which are
a product of our past
by using our past we can shape the
future
and lastly the study of education spas
provides
a perspective that explains and
illuminates
our present activities as teachers
are you learning i hope you are thank
you so much everyone for listening
have a great day bye
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