Kekuatan & Kelemahan Presidensial vs Parlementer | Prof. Dr. Bambang Cipto, M.A.

Summary

In this lecture, H. Umar compares the presidential and parliamentary systems, focusing on their key characteristics and differences. He explains that in a presidential system, the president is directly elected, holds a fixed term, and is both the head of state and government. Umar highlights the advantages of the presidential system, such as accountability and the ability for voters to reward or punish leaders. However, he also discusses potential drawbacks, like the risk of deadlock between the president and the legislature, which can lead to political instability.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses the comparison between presidential and parliamentary systems of democracy, highlighting their characteristics and advantages.
• 🏛️ In a presidential system, the president is directly elected by the people and has a fixed term, whereas in a parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is usually appointed by the parliament.
• 🌐 The presidential system is widely adopted globally, partly due to the high level of accountability it provides, allowing for direct reward and punishment of the president by the electorate.
• 📊 The presidential system offers the people a clear identification of the policies that will be taken by the president, as they are directly involved in the election process.
• 👥 The presidential system can lead to a separation of powers, with the president having executive authority and the parliament holding legislative power.
• 🚫 The president may have the power to veto legislation passed by the parliament, but the parliament can override this veto with a supermajority.
• 📜 The script mentions the 'president's decree' as a form of legislation that does not require the parliament's legislative process, with examples from Brazil and Indonesia.
• 🔄 The presidential system has the potential for deadlocks when the president and the parliament disagree on policies, which can lead to political instability.
• 💡 The video script suggests that the presidential system can be prone to failure if there is a lack of support from the majority party in the parliament or if there are too many political parties leading to elite fragmentation.
• 🌍 The script contrasts the presidential system with the parliamentary system, noting that the latter often has a more stable government due to the professional politicians and support from the majority party.
• 📈 The video concludes by reflecting on the potential for political crises in presidential systems, as seen in some countries during the 1990s, and the importance of economic stability and reform.

Q & A

What is the main topic of discussion in the video script?

The main topic of discussion is the comparison between the parliamentary and presidential systems of democracy.

What is the key difference between a presidential and a parliamentary system?

In a presidential system, the president is directly elected by the people and is separate from the legislative branch, while in a parliamentary system, the head of government (often called the Prime Minister) is typically the leader of the majority party in the parliament.

What is the term length for the president in a presidential system?

The term length for a president in a presidential system is usually fixed, often four years, as mentioned in the script.

Why is the presidential system considered to have high accountability?

The presidential system is considered to have high accountability because the president is directly elected by the people and can be rewarded or punished based on their performance through elections.

What is the concept of 'Veto' in the context of a presidential system?

The 'Veto' is a power that allows the president to reject a bill passed by the legislative body (DPR). However, the legislative body can override the veto with a supermajority, typically 75% of votes.

What is the legislative power of the president in a presidential system?

In a presidential system, the president has the power to propose legislation but must work with the legislative body to pass it. The president also has the power to veto legislation and can issue executive orders.

What is the risk of a 'deadlock' in a presidential system?

A 'deadlock' occurs when the president and the legislative body cannot agree on a policy, leading to a stalemate that can potentially cause political instability.

Why did the presidential system fail in some countries in the 1990s?

The script mentions that the failure of the presidential system in some countries was due to economic crises and the inability to manage the situation effectively, leading to the fall of leaders like Soeharto.

What is the difference in the selection process of leaders between the presidential and parliamentary systems?

In a presidential system, leaders are directly elected by the people, whereas in a parliamentary system, the leader is often the head of the majority party in the parliament, which can lead to a more professional and experienced leadership.

Why is the parliamentary system considered more stable in terms of government operations?

The parliamentary system is considered more stable because it allows for a more flexible government structure, where the head of government can be replaced without new elections, and there is less likelihood of confrontation between the executive and legislative branches.

What are the potential advantages of the presidential system in terms of policy identification and implementation?

The presidential system allows for clear identification and implementation of policies because the president is directly elected and accountable to the people for their policy decisions, which can lead to a more decisive and consistent government approach.

Outlines

00:00

🗳️ Comparison of Presidential and Parliamentary Systems

The paragraph discusses the comparison between presidential and parliamentary systems, highlighting how a president is directly elected by the people in a presidential system, while a Prime Minister in a parliamentary system is chosen by the parliament. It touches on the fixed term of the presidential system and its prevalence due to its origin in countries that developed early on. The paragraph also covers the accountability aspect of the presidential system, where the president is directly rewarded or punished by the voters, and the potential for the people to identify with the policies of the president they elect. It also mentions the executive powers of the president, including the ability to veto legislation.

05:05

📜 Executive and Legislative Balance in Presidential Systems

This paragraph delves into the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches in presidential systems. It explains the president's veto power and the legislative body's ability to override it with a supermajority vote. The paragraph also discusses the president's legislative powers, such as issuing decrees that have a limited duration unless approved by the legislative body. It mentions the risk of deadlocks between the president and the legislative body, which can lead to political crises, and the role of media in such situations.

10:10

🌐 Factors Contributing to the Success and Failure of Presidential Systems

The final paragraph explores the factors that contribute to the success or failure of presidential systems. It mentions the economic crisis as a reason for the failure of some systems in the 1990s and the importance of a strong economy to support the system. The paragraph also discusses the potential for elite fragmentation due to the presence of many political parties, which can lead to government instability. It contrasts the presidential system with the parliamentary system, where the Prime Minister is typically a professional politician with broad support from the majority party in the parliament. The paragraph concludes with a comparison of the flexibility and potential drawbacks of both systems.

Keywords

💡Democracy

Democracy refers to a system of government where power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or through elected representatives. In the video's context, it is the overarching theme as the speaker discusses different democratic systems, such as presidential and parliamentary systems, and their characteristics.

💡Parliamentary System

A parliamentary system is a democratic form of government where the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to, the legislature (parliament). The script mentions that in this system, the Prime Minister is not directly elected by the people but is instead chosen from the majority party in the parliament.

💡Presidential System

A presidential system is a democratic system where the president is the head of state and government, elected directly by the people for a fixed term. The video script explains that the president is chosen through direct elections and is accountable to the people, with examples of the system being prevalent in many countries.

💡Accountability

Accountability in the context of the video refers to the obligation of the government, particularly the president, to report on their actions and accept responsibility for them. The script discusses how in a presidential system, the president is directly accountable to the electorate, which can reward or punish them through elections.

💡Legislative Power

Legislative power is the authority to make laws and is typically vested in a parliament or a legislative body. The video script contrasts this with the executive power of the president, noting that in a presidential system, the president has executive power, while in a parliamentary system, legislative power is shared with the parliament.

💡Veto

A veto is the power of the president to reject a bill passed by the legislature, effectively preventing it from becoming law. The script explains the concept of a 'veto' as a check on legislative power, where the president can refuse to sign a bill into law, but the legislature can override the veto with a supermajority vote.

💡Deadlock

In the video, deadlock refers to a situation where the president and the legislature are unable to agree on a policy or legislation, leading to a stalemate. The script mentions the risk of deadlock as a potential drawback of the presidential system, which can result in political gridlock.

💡Reform

Reform in the context of the video refers to changes made to improve or modify a system of government or social structure. The script alludes to economic crises and political pressures that can lead to reforms, such as the case of Indonesia where economic hardship and public demand for change led to political reforms.

💡Economic Crisis

An economic crisis is a situation where an economy experiences a sudden and sharp downturn, often leading to political instability. The video script mentions the economic crisis in the 1990s as a factor contributing to the failure of presidential systems in some countries.

💡Elite Fragmentation

Elite fragmentation refers to the division among the ruling class or political elite, which can lead to instability in a government system. The script discusses how in countries with many political parties, such as Indonesia, elite fragmentation can occur, potentially leading to the failure of a presidential system.

💡Direct Elections

Direct elections are a method of electing officials where voters directly choose the candidate for a position. The video script emphasizes the importance of direct elections in a presidential system, where the president is elected by the people, allowing for a clear mandate and accountability.

Highlights

Direct election of the president is a characteristic of the presidential system.

In a parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is not directly elected but chosen through the parliament.

The presidential system has a fixed term, unlike the parliamentary system where the term can be flexible.

The presidential system is the most common worldwide due to historical developments.

Accountability is a key feature of the presidential system, with the president being directly responsible to the electorate.

The presidential system allows for the implementation of a reward and punishment system based on the president's performance.

People can identify with the policies that a president will implement, making the system attractive to voters.

The presidential system can lead to a clear identification of government policies during the campaign period.

The president has executive powers and may also have legislative powers, such as the power to veto bills from the parliament.

The presidential veto power can be overridden by a 75% majority in the parliament.

Some presidents have the power to legislate without the need for a legislative process in the parliament.

Democracies that have practiced the presidential system include Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia.

The risk of a deadlock between the president and the parliament is a significant concern in the presidential system.

A prolonged political conflict between the president and the parliament could potentially invite a military coup.

The parliamentary system rarely sees confrontation between the active partners, leading to a more stable government.

In the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is often a professional politician with broad experience and party support.

The parliamentary system allows for the dissolution of parliament and new elections if needed.

The presidential system can fail due to economic crises, as seen in some countries in the 1990s.

Reform and the division of power can be challenging in a presidential system due to the concentration of executive and legislative powers.

The parliamentary system is more flexible and can adapt to changes in political support and party dynamics.

Transcripts

Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

bekadu adek-adek H Umar kita bertemu

untuk membahas Hah matakuliah demokrasi

ibadah hari ini saya akan mencoba

membandingkan antara hasil sistem

parlementer dan sistem presidensial

Hahaha Apa kelebihan dalam pekerjaannya

hanya lebih dulu pernah membicarakan

lebih dulu mengenai hal ciri-ciri

demokrasi presidensial Ini adalah sebuah

sistem ade mokrasi dimana presiden

dipilih secara langsung ya kalau pada

sistem parlementer itu Perdana Menteri

tidak dibilang Tapi lewat parlemen dulu

menjadi presiden dipilih langsung

nih presiden artinya lewat pemilihan

secara langsung yang kedua cirinya

adalah masa jabatan pada sistem Kristen

selalu bersifat tetap vixtorm ya

kemudian dipilih oleh dan bertanggung

jawab kepada Presiden kemudian Mengapa

sistem terbanyak di dunia karena dulu

yang berkembang lebih sistem parlementer

Eropa menjajah Indonesia pun dulu

perusahaan robekan juga pada awalnya ada

perubahan-perubahan Mengapa sistem

dikenal di dunia setelah perang dunia

kedua adalah karena punya aku

Indonesia sangat tinggi yaitu

akuntabilitas yaitu aku tablet satunya

bumper sikap pemilih ya Putri itu dapat

menerapkan sistem reward dan punishment

bisa memberikan jalan tapi juga bisa

diganjar oleh kamu dengan terpilihnya

presiden terpilih atau yang tadinya

menjadi pejabat kemudian incumbent itu

dia mendapat hukuman karena troll yang

tinggi yaitu pemilik bisa melakukan

memberikan jarang memberikan hukuman

bagi calon presiden yang berlangsung

pemilihan langsung oke ya

kedua Mengapa menarik sistem potensial

itu karena rakyat dalam memilih itu bisa

melakukan identifikasi terhadap

kebijakan yang nanti akan diambil oleh

Presiden itu perjanjian kerja tidak

menyajikan itu nah yang terpilih dia

berjanji akan waktu hanya beberapa tahun

itu jiwa sehingga klaim terpilih kembali

menjadi presiden rakyat bisa

mengidentifikasi kebijakan pemerintah

Hai pada saat kampanye lahir namanya

mempermudah hanyalah itu memilih itu

mantep Wow ini berjanji Mau Begini saya

pilih kok begini enggak mau begini yang

saya enggak pilih gitu ya Dia bisa

memberikan ganjaran dan kemudian

Presiden itu memiliki ya ingat

Berjalanlah kekuada penguasa eksekutif

pelaksana undang-undang Tetapi dia punya

kekuasaan legislatif ada 2 jenis yang

pertama itu yang kedua proaktif

Hai HD presiden ya Nah itu akan Jelaskan

perlunya fans perbedaan Veto dan Secret

nah hak vetonya tuh apa sih Yah aku

menolak rancangan undang-undang dari DPR

menolak Tapi DPR tidak punya yang

namanya free itu punya hak Apa artinya

kalau tidak terima usulan saya harus

kumpul 75% kumpul di gedung DPR bisa

berhak melakukan kalau 75

QNet otomatis Heru udah di tetap menjadi

undang-undang presiden mau nggak mau

harus tanda tangan begitu saya nah ada

juga namanya partai-partai fiturnya

presiden sebagian uh tapi isinya 5

poin-poin 1241 semua baru DPR kemudian

fashion punya yang kedua ini hujan

presiden yang tidak membutuhkan proses

legislasi proses pembuatan di DPR ya

ulama sekali depannya lah

sekali ya ini dia langsung ke tentunya

presiden Brazil Indonesia ngomong ISPA

mobil dari Jerman berlangsung di buat

kamu pinjam uang cari hasilnya itu cukup

dibuat oleh Presiden tapi hanya berlaku

selama 30 hari kalau dia ingin

perpanjang boleh deket lagi CS3 lucu

bisa berkali-kali namanya legislatif

presiden membuat undang-undang tanpa

harus dibahas detail di DPR ini terkenal

di Argentina Brazil Colombia Colombia

yang itu-itu saja kalau mau buat lagi

harus membuat

Hai kemudian demokrasi pernah saya boleh

pun dia penuh pesona yang banyak Yang

mempraktekannya Dinanti lihat setelah

perang dunia 2 tapi punya punya Resiko

yang tinggi yang bernama adalah deadlock

yaitu ketika Presiden dan DPR sepakat

di dalam satu kebijakan kalau deadlock

lagi dengan kucing lain yang tidak

sepakat berkali-kali enggak sepangkat

jam bermobil akhirnya terjadi deadlock

untuk hubungannya pun presiden dan

parlemen Nah kalau seperti ini terus lem

kalau terkenal Ya udah lem lebih salah

satu ini bisa menyimpan hal yang parah

akan menyebabkan konflik

Hai yang podo politik yang

berkepanjangan antara Presiden dan DPR

yang bisa mengundang kudeta militer ya

yang kedua kalau lem daging tinggal

segera diselesaikan dan bersedia tidak

populer tidak bisa menjadi bisa terjadi

invite itu hak untuk menjatuhkan

presiden oleh DPR hanya mengandalkan

pilar keempat yaitu media-media massa

lewat media populer itu cara bikin hal

yang aneh di luar negeri

Hai bantuan media nanti akan mengoperasi

Den kram membunuh jenderal Iran yakni

depannya populer supaya tidak lengket

kemudian Mengapa banyak sistem

presidensial yang gagal di Amerika tahun

90-an ya gagal yang lain karena krisis

ekonomi pada menjatuhkan Soeharto dari

tekanan memaksa kamu harus mengetatkan

ikat pinggang hati hemat menimbulkan

kerja

Slamet namanya reformation tanggal 8

Rival Mas Iya ya menghasilkan berenang

sekarang ini dengan reformasi waktu itu

ada perpecahannya elit ya Dipukul kalung

pecahan enggak pelukan ibunya ada

perbaikan handphone akibat pemerintahan

Putro berkati Coba kita Nah tidak ada

partner biasanya atau parlemen tidak ada

yang kecil-kecil banyak sekali partai

sehingga mudah terjadi perpecahan elit

sehingga akhirnya sistem pemerintahan

presidensial itu gagal Indonesia juga

Ya udah kita bandingkan sekarang antara

presidensial dan parlementer ini memang

hantu ya apa namanya Apa namanya hal ini

ke-2 sistem yang berbeda kredensial itu

sangat potensial kerjanya kompensasi

eksekutif dan legislatif itu selalu

Biarin Kenapa karena itu apa namanya

Bisa Beda partai biasa konfirmasi ya

kemudian berdansa itu pemilihannya

langsung berarti orang-orang di Amerika

itu Yang dipilih itu tidak profesional

bukan orang yang hebat itu

klenteng Gubernur hanya Gubernur ya

kemudian doa Obama itu hanya kekasihnya

detik orang-orang yang kalau untuk orang

Eropa amatiran mereka Uya full bisa

amatir kelasnya buang kelas dunia

pengolah nasional tetap sistem

parlementer itu jarang terjadi

konfrontasi antara sekutu aktif jadi

hanya politisi dengan dukungan yang tapi

kalau dia punya pengalaman yang luas dan

dukungan dari mayoritas partai di

parlemen caranya 25 tahun baru jadi

calon Perdana Menteri kalau di Amerika

yang penting punya uang dan debu

menjadi presiden itu namanya Magrib oke

Inggris di sebelah bisa Jepang nggak

mungkin harus orang udah di

tempat-tempat pedalaman pembubaran

parlemen namanya jadi kalau tidak lagi

terkenal tidak dia bisa membubarkan

parlemen dibubarkan lalu diadakan

pemilihan Deni sehingga tiap berharap

bisa tampil kembali penting bisa dipilih

kaku fleksibel bisa diperpendek massanya

tetap

Hai baterainya beton kalender Maluku

lima tahun bisa diperbanyak melalui 2

tahun nah ini lebih and dan kekurangan

sistem cancel dan sistem parlementer

assalamualaikum warahmatullah

hai hai