PEMERIKSAAN FISIK HEAD TO TOE | VITAL SIGN

Summary

This detailed video script provides an in-depth guide for performing a physical examination. It outlines the necessary equipment, such as a sphygmomanometer, thermometer, and stethoscope, as well as the step-by-step procedures for checking vital signs, assessing various body parts, and detecting any abnormalities. The examination includes inspecting and palpating the skin, head, eyes, ears, mouth, chest, abdomen, and extremities, as well as performing specialized checks for specific conditions like anemia and respiratory issues. The script ensures a comprehensive and thorough approach to conducting a physical check-up for patients.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script details the essential tools needed for a physical examination, such as a stethoscope, thermometer, sphygmomanometer, and various other instruments.
• 😀 The physical exam includes checking the patient’s weight and height first, followed by monitoring vital signs like temperature, pulse, and respiration.
• 😀 The examination process includes taking temperature using an axillary thermometer, measuring pulse with three fingers on the radial artery, and counting respirations for a full minute.
• 😀 Blood pressure is checked using a sphygmomanometer, with specific steps to ensure correct placement of the cuff and proper reading of systolic and diastolic values.
• 😀 A thorough inspection of the skin, hair, and head is part of the exam, noting any abnormalities like redness, lesions, or hair condition.
• 😀 The eyes are inspected for normal pupil response, symmetry, and any signs of inflammation or visual impairments.
• 😀 The examination includes the mouth, nose, and teeth, checking for cleanliness, cavities, gum health, and any oral conditions.
• 😀 The neck is assessed for enlarged thyroid glands or jugular vein distention, as well as any lymph node abnormalities.
• 😀 The chest and breast are inspected for symmetry, pigmentation changes, and any abnormal masses.
• 😀 A full abdominal assessment is done, including inspection for ascites or tumors and auscultation for bowel sounds.
• 😀 The limbs are inspected and palpated for signs of anemia, and a Homans sign test is performed to check for deep vein thrombosis.
• 😀 For female patients, a genital examination checks for cleanliness, discharge, and any abnormalities in the vulva or perineum, while male genital checks focus on hygiene and abnormalities in the penis or scrotum.

Q & A

What are the essential equipment items needed for a physical examination?

The essential equipment items include a bending device, a clean set of gloves, a sphygmomanometer, a thermometer, alcohol swabs, an aromatic oil for smell tests, a taste test container, a reflex hammer, a stethoscope, a stopwatch, and a sterile cloth-covered container.

How is body temperature measured during the physical examination?

Body temperature is measured using a thermometer placed in the axilla (armpit). The thermometer is left in place for about three minutes while the patient holds their arm against their chest.

What is the procedure for measuring pulse during the examination?

The pulse is measured by palpating the radial artery on the patient's wrist with three fingers. The pulse rate is counted for one minute to determine the heart rate.

How is respiration rate assessed during the physical examination?

Respiration rate is assessed by observing the rise and fall of the patient's chest during breathing. The number of breaths is counted for one minute.

What is the correct technique for measuring blood pressure?

Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer. The cuff is placed around the upper arm, and the brachial artery is palpated. The cuff is inflated until the pulse stops, then deflated while listening for Korotkoff sounds with a stethoscope.

What does the inspection of the skin during the physical examination involve?

The skin is inspected for any abnormalities such as redness, paleness, or cyanosis. Lesions are examined for size, consistency, and location.

What are some key points checked during the head and hair inspection?

The head is inspected for symmetry and any scars or masses. The hair is examined for cleanliness, color, and whether it is brittle or shedding.

What is checked during the eye examination?

The eyes are examined for shape (normal or abnormal), pupil reaction (isocoria or anisocoria), sclera color, and the presence of any redness or swelling.

How is lung function assessed during the examination?

Lung function is assessed by observing chest expansion during breathing. Percussion and palpation are used to check for any abnormal vibrations or sounds, such as consolidation or fremitus.

What is checked during the abdominal examination?

The abdomen is inspected for signs of distention or tumors. Palpation is done to check for any swelling or abnormal tension, and auscultation listens for bowel sounds in different quadrants.