Pemeriksaan fisik jantung

Summary

This video provides a detailed guide to performing a physical examination of the heart. It begins with an introduction to the necessary anatomy and the lines of assessment. The procedure includes inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. The inspection focuses on the ictus cordis and other visible pulses. Palpation is performed in both the supine and lateral decubitus positions. Percussion is used to identify the heart's borders, and auscultation assesses the heart valves. The video concludes with post-examination procedures and the interpretation of results, offering a thorough walkthrough for anyone learning or performing the heart examination.

Takeaways

• 😀 Before performing a heart examination, it's crucial to understand the anatomy and imaginary lines involved in the process.
• 😀 The heart examination consists of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
• 😀 Always introduce yourself, verify the patient's identity, and explain the purpose and procedure of the examination before starting.
• 😀 Ensure hand hygiene is performed before the examination begins.
• 😀 The patient should be asked to remove their top and remain relaxed throughout the examination.
• 😀 During the inspection phase, assess the location of the ictus cordis, which is typically seen near the left clavicle in line with the fifth rib.
• 😀 If palpation is not possible in a lying position, the patient should be asked to lie in the lateral decubitus position to assess the heart's location, diameter, amplitude, and duration.
• 😀 Percussion is used to assess the heart's borders—right, left, lower, and upper borders—by tapping along specific lines of the body.
• 😀 Auscultation is performed to assess the four heart valves: mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valves, by listening at their specific anatomical locations.
• 😀 After the examination, thank the patient, ask them to dress, wash your hands, and interpret the results from all four examination techniques.

Q & A

What are the main components of a physical examination of the heart?

The main components include inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.

What should be done before conducting a physical examination of the heart?

Before conducting the examination, it is important to understand the anatomy and imaginary lines to be assessed during the physical examination.

How should the patient be prepared for the heart examination?

The patient should be asked to take off their top and relax. It is also necessary for the examiner to introduce themselves, ask for the patient's identity, and explain the purpose and procedure of the examination.

What should be assessed during the inspection phase of the heart examination?

During inspection, the examiner should assess the ictus cordis (the point of maximal impulse), which is typically seen at the left clavicle in the fifth intercostal space. Additionally, other visible pulses should be checked.

How is the palpation examination performed if the ictus cordis is not palpable in the supine position?

If the ictus cordis is not palpable while the patient is lying down, the patient should be asked to assume the lateral decubitus position to make it more palpable.

What factors should be assessed during palpation of the heart?

During palpation, the examiner should assess the location, diameter, amplitude, and duration of the ictus cordis.

What is the purpose of the percussion examination during a heart exam?

The percussion examination is used to assess the boundaries of the heart, including the right, left, and lower borders, as well as the waist and upper border of the heart.

How should the percussion examination be performed to assess the borders of the heart?

Percussion should begin by tapping from the right clavicle downwards, followed by medial tapping to locate the right heart border. For the left and lower borders, percussion should be done along the anterior axillary line downward, followed by medial tapping. The waist and upper borders are similarly assessed using a percussion method.

What should be done after performing the auscultation of the heart valves?

After auscultating the heart valves, the examiner should thank the patient, allow them to put on their clothes, and then wash their hands.

Which heart valves should be assessed during auscultation and where are they located?

The heart valves to be assessed include the mitral valve (at the fifth intercostal space near the left midclavicular line), the tricuspid valve (at the fourth intercostal space along the left parasternal line), the pulmonary valve (at the second intercostal space along the left parasternal line), and the aortic valve (at the second intercostal space along the right parasternal line).