Amoniasi Jerami; Pengolahan dengan Urea

Summary

This video script explores the various uses of rice straw in Indonesia, emphasizing that a significant portion is either burned or returned to the soil as compost. The focus is on improving the digestibility of rice straw through chemical processing, specifically using urea to increase its protein content and digestibility. Urea treatment also serves as an effective method for preserving straw and eliminating harmful microorganisms, including aflatoxins. The process of ammonia treatment is described in detail, offering a simple and cost-effective way to enhance straw for animal feed. Additionally, the script outlines the steps for dry ammoniation, including materials and techniques for successful processing.

Takeaways

• 😀 Approximately 36-62% of rice straw in Indonesia is burned or returned to the soil as compost.
• 😀 Only 31-39% of rice straw is utilized as animal feed, with the remaining 7-16% used for industrial purposes.
• 😀 The low digestibility of rice straw can be improved through chemical processing with alkali.
• 😀 Treating rice straw with urea increases its protein content by 1.5-9 percentage points and boosts digestibility by 10-15%.
• 😀 Urea is a solid source of ammonia that is commonly used in rice straw processing, known as ammoniation.
• 😀 Urea is easily accessible and affordable for farmers, with a nitrogen content of 46%.
• 😀 The optimal dose of ammonia for ammoniating rice straw is 3-5% of the straw's dry weight.
• 😀 Ammoniation with urea is more advantageous than other chemical treatments, as it is simpler and safer.
• 😀 Urea not only acts as a preservative but also eliminates microorganism contamination, including aflatoxins.
• 😀 The process of ammoniating rice straw increases protein content and assists in rumen microorganism synthesis without causing toxicity.
• 😀 To ammoniate 1 kg of dry rice straw, 40 grams of nitrogen (4%) is required, and the straw's moisture content is 30%.
• 😀 The dry ammoniation process involves mixing rice straw with urea, wrapping it tightly in plastic, and storing it in a shaded, dry place for about one month.

Q & A

What percentage of rice straw in Indonesia is burned or returned to the soil as compost?

36-62% of rice straw in Indonesia is either burned or returned to the soil as compost.

How much rice straw in Indonesia is used as animal feed?

Around 31-39% of rice straw in Indonesia is used as animal feed.

What is the remaining percentage of rice straw used for in Indonesia?

The remaining 7-16% of rice straw is used for industrial purposes.

How can the digestibility of rice straw be improved?

The digestibility of rice straw can be improved through chemical processing, particularly using alkali, and by treating it with urea.

What is the effect of urea treatment on rice straw protein content?

Urea treatment can increase the protein content of rice straw by 1.5% to 9%.

How much does urea treatment improve the digestibility of rice straw?

Urea treatment can improve the digestibility of rice straw by 10-15%.

Why is urea used for processing rice straw?

Urea is used because it is a readily available and affordable source of ammonia, which helps improve protein content and digestibility in rice straw.

What is the nitrogen content of urea, and how is it used in rice straw treatment?

Urea contains 46% nitrogen, and a typical ammonia dosage for rice straw treatment is 3-5% of the straw's dry weight.

What are the advantages of ammoniating rice straw compared to other chemical treatments?

Ammoniating rice straw is simpler, safer, and more effective in preserving the straw, eliminating microbial contamination, and reducing aflatoxin content.

How is the amonization process for rice straw carried out?

The process involves applying urea to dry rice straw, sealing it in plastic, and storing it in a shaded, dry place. After about a month, the straw will be ready for use.