Tata Nama Senyawa | KIMIA KELAS 10

Summary

This educational video explains the naming conventions of various chemical compounds according to IUPAC guidelines. It covers the naming of ionic compounds (binary and polyatomic), covalent compounds, acids, bases, and hydrates. Viewers will learn how to identify and name common compounds such as table salt (NaCl), acetic acid (CH3COOH), baking soda (NaHCO3), and more. The video provides clear examples and rules, including the use of Roman numerals for charge identification in ionic compounds and the importance of molecular prefixes in covalent compound names.

Takeaways

• 😀 Ionic compounds consist of a metal cation and a non-metal anion, and are named starting with the cation followed by the anion.
• 😀 Polyatomic ionic compounds involve a metal cation and a polyatomic anion, with the cation listed first followed by the anion.
• 😀 The naming of ionic compounds like NaBr becomes 'Sodium Bromide' and K3PO4 becomes 'Potassium Phosphate'.
• 😀 Covalent compounds are composed of two non-metals and are named with prefixes like mono, di, tri to indicate the number of atoms.
• 😀 For covalent compounds, CO is named 'Carbon Monoxide' and CO2 as 'Carbon Dioxide'.
• 😀 Acids are named starting with 'Acid' followed by the name of the anion, such as 'Sulfuric Acid' for H2SO4 and 'Nitric Acid' for HNO3.
• 😀 Bases consist of a metal cation and a hydroxide ion (OH-) and are named by starting with the cation followed by 'Hydroxide'.
• 😀 An example of a base is NaOH, which is named 'Sodium Hydroxide'.
• 😀 Hydrates are compounds that contain water molecules, and their names include the number of water molecules in the structure, such as 'Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate'.
• 😀 The IUPAC guidelines for chemical nomenclature ensure consistency in naming across different types of compounds, from simple ionic compounds to complex hydrates.

Q & A

What is the general principle behind naming ionic compounds?

Ionic compounds are named by first writing the name of the cation (metal) followed by the name of the anion (non-metal or polyatomic ion). For example, NaBr is named sodium bromide.

How are polyatomic ionic compounds named?

Polyatomic ionic compounds are named by first stating the name of the cation, followed by the name of the polyatomic anion. For example, Ca3(PO4)2 is named calcium phosphate.

How is the charge on transition metal ions indicated in compound names?

For transition metals with variable charges, the charge is indicated in parentheses using Roman numerals. For example, FeCl2 is named iron(II) chloride, and FeCl3 is iron(III) chloride.

What is the rule for naming covalent compounds?

In covalent compounds, the names of the elements are written in order of increasing electronegativity, with prefixes used to indicate the number of atoms. For example, CO is carbon monoxide, and CO2 is carbon dioxide.

When is the prefix 'mono-' used in naming covalent compounds?

'Mono-' is used only for the second element in the compound. For example, CO is carbon monoxide, but it is not used in naming the first element, as in 'carbon monoxode' (which would be incorrect).

What is the naming convention for acids?

Acids are named by starting with 'acid,' followed by the name of the anion. For example, H2SO4 is named sulfuric acid, and HNO3 is named nitric acid.

How are bases named?

Bases are named by first stating the name of the cation (usually a metal) followed by the term 'hydroxide.' For example, NaOH is sodium hydroxide, and Mg(OH)2 is magnesium hydroxide.

What is the naming rule for hydrates?

Hydrates are named by first stating the name of the compound, followed by the number of water molecules attached, using prefixes like mono-, di-, tri-, etc. For example, MgSO4·7H2O is named magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

What does the prefix 'hepta-' indicate in the context of hydrates?

The prefix 'hepta-' indicates that there are seven water molecules attached to the compound. For example, MgSO4·7H2O is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

What is the significance of the order of elements in the name of covalent compounds?

In covalent compounds, the element with the lower electronegativity is named first, followed by the more electronegative element. The number of atoms of each element is indicated using appropriate prefixes.