How I’d learn ML in 2024 (if I could start over)
Summary
TLDR本视频脚本由一位前Meta教授的学生和研究员分享,他通过三年的努力,获得了Google DeepMind、Amazon等公司的面试机会。他提出了六个关键步骤,帮助初学者从零开始学习机器学习。首先,学习Python基础,这是机器学习的核心语言。其次,掌握数学基础,包括微积分、线性代数和概率论,这有助于理解机器学习算法。接着,熟悉机器学习开发工具栈,如Jupyter Notebooks、Pandas、Numpy和Matplotlib。然后,通过Andrew Ng的机器学习专项课程和深度学习专项课程深入学习理论和实践,这些课程免费且内容丰富。此外,Andrej Karpathy的神经网络系列也是学习深度学习数学的绝佳资源。实践方面,建议参与Kaggle竞赛和重新实现论文,这些项目不仅能够提升技能,还能在求职时脱颖而出。视频还提供了一些技巧和建议,帮助学习者在学习过程中更加突出。
Takeaways
- 💻 学习机器学习的基础是掌握Python编程语言,这是几乎所有机器学习工作的基石。
- 📚 对于初学者来说,了解列表、字典、if-else语句、for循环以及列表推导和类继承等基本概念是非常重要的。
- 🧮 数学是理解机器学习算法不可或缺的一部分,需要掌握微积分、线性代数和概率论的基础知识。
- 📈 利用像numpy、pandas和matplotlib这样的库,可以更简单地实现和可视化数学运算及数据处理。
- 📊 Jupiter notebooks是学习机器学习时常用的工具,它支持交互式编程和数据展示。
- 🎓 Andrew Ng的机器学习专项课程是学习机器学习和深度学习概念的经典资源,适合初学者。
- 🧠 Andrej Karpathy的神经网络系列是理解深度学习数学和实现复杂模型的绝佳资源。
- 🤖 深度学习专项课程专注于神经网络的实现和训练,包括使用Hugging Face等先进的NLP库。
- 🏆 在Kaggle上参与竞赛是实践机器学习技能和解决实际问题的好方法,可以从简单的挑战开始。
- 📄 重新实现论文并复现结果是具有挑战性的项目,有助于在机器学习领域脱颖而出。
- 🌟 在学习过程中,可以通过特定的技巧和提示来提升个人在机器学习领域的可见度和影响力。
- ⏱️ 学习机器学习是一个逐步深入的过程,不必急于求成,而应该享受每一个学习阶段。
Q & A
学习机器学习需要哪些基本工具?
-学习机器学习的基本工具是一台笔记本电脑和一份你需要遵循的学习步骤清单。
为什么Python是学习机器学习的基础?
-Python是几乎所有人在进行机器学习工作时使用的编程语言,它也是完成列表上其他步骤的基础。
在Python中,初学者应该学习哪些基本概念?
-初学者应该学习列表、字典、if-else语句、for循环、列表推导式以及类继承等基本概念。
为什么数学对于理解机器学习至关重要?
-数学是理解机器学习算法的基础,需要了解微积分、线性代数和概率论等基础知识。
有哪些资源可以帮助学习机器学习所需的数学知识?
-有许多免费资源可以帮助学习,例如Khan Academy、Brilliant.org,以及大学工程学主修的必修数学课程。
在机器学习开发栈中,应该学习哪些基本工具和库?
-应该学习Jupyter notebooks、pandas、numpy和matplotlib等工具和库。
为什么实践项目对于深入理解机器学习至关重要?
-通过实践项目,可以应用所学知识,解决实际问题,这是理解机器学习概念和提升技能的最佳方式。
有哪些著名的机器学习课程推荐?
-推荐Andrew Ng的机器学习专项课程,以及深度学习专项课程,这些课程涵盖了机器学习和深度学习的基础和高级概念。
Kaggle在机器学习实践中的角色是什么?
-Kaggle提供了各种难度的挑战,是实践机器学习技能、参与竞赛和提升经验的好平台。
重构一篇论文并复现其结果对机器学习有什么好处?
-这不仅挑战性高,能够加深对机器学习算法的理解,而且对于提升个人在机器学习领域的应用能力非常有帮助。
在机器学习的学习过程中,有哪些方法可以让自己脱颖而出?
-可以通过参与Kaggle挑战、重构论文项目,以及学习如何使用如Hugging Face这样的先进库来提升自己的竞争力。
为什么说重构论文项目对于机器学习应用特别有帮助?
-因为这种类型的项目不仅能够展示你的技术能力,还能证明你具有独立研究和解决问题的能力,这对于机器学习岗位申请非常有利。
Outlines
😀 学习机器学习的六个关键步骤
本段介绍了学习机器学习所需的基本条件,如笔记本电脑和学习步骤清单。作者作为学生和研究员,分享了自己如何从零开始学习机器学习,包括学习Python编程语言、数学基础知识、机器学习开发栈、机器学习和深度学习理论,以及如何通过实践项目来巩固学习成果。强调了Python在机器学习中的重要性,并建议初学者从基础开始,逐步深入。同时,作者推荐了多个在线资源和课程,如Andrew Ng的机器学习专项课程,以及Andrej Karpathy的神经网络系列,来帮助学习者更深入地理解机器学习概念。
📚 深入实践:从 Kaggle 竞赛到复现论文
在掌握了机器学习的基础理论和工具后,作者建议通过参与Kaggle竞赛和复现学术论文的方式来进行实践。Kaggle提供了不同难度的竞赛,适合各种水平的学习者,可以从小规模的竞赛开始,逐步挑战更高难度的项目。此外,复现论文不仅能够深化对机器学习算法的理解,还能在求职时展示个人的研究能力和实践经验。作者还提到了其他一些技巧和建议,可以帮助学习者在学习过程中脱颖而出。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡机器学习
💡Python
💡数学基础
💡机器学习开发栈
💡深度学习
💡Andrew Ng
💡Kaggle
💡论文复现
💡Hugging Face
💡项目实践
💡面试准备
Highlights
在2024年,学习机器学习只需要一台笔记本电脑和一份步骤清单。
作者曾是Meta的教授,面试过Google DeepMind、Amazon等公司,但达到这一点用了3年多的时间。
作者建议从学习Python基础开始,因为几乎所有机器学习工作都使用Python。
对于初学者,需要了解列表、字典、if-else语句、for循环以及列表推导和类继承等概念。
推荐通过YouTube或Google搜索Python教程或课程,并强调边学边实践的重要性。
数学是机器学习的基础,需要了解微积分、线性代数和概率论。
不需要复杂的数学,大多数数学知识是高中或大学入门级别。
推荐使用在线资源如Coursera、Khan Academy或Brilliant.org学习数学。
不建议一开始就深入所有课程,因为可能会感到沮丧和无趣。
学习机器学习开发栈,包括Jupyter笔记本、pandas、numpy和matplotlib等工具。
numpy用于矩阵或数组的数学运算,matplotlib用于数据可视化,pandas用于处理表格数据。
通过学习这些框架,可以提高实际的Python和机器学习技能。
推荐Andrew Ng的机器学习专项课程,它涵盖了机器学习框架如scikit-learn和tensorflow。
强调了在面试中能够轻松回答经典机器学习概念的重要性。
推荐Andrej Karpathy的神经网络系列,从零开始实现一个简单的NLP模型。
深度学习专项课程更侧重于实现和训练神经网络,包括hugging face库的学习。
通过Kaggle挑战和重新实现论文来实践所学知识,这些项目可以显著提升个人技能。
重新实现论文并复现结果是具有挑战性的,可以显著提升在机器学习领域的竞争力。
除了项目实践,还有其他一些简单的方法可以在学习过程中提升个人特色。
Transcripts
all you need to learn machine learning
in 2024 is a laptop and a list of the
steps you need to take I'm a student
researcher working for an ex meta
professor and have had interviews with
Google deepmind Amazon and other cool
companies but it took me over 3 years to
get to this point so today I will share
how I would learn machine learning if I
could start over by revealing the six
key steps you need to take let's get
going in general all these steps don't
have to be strictly completed in any
particular order but I would not start
with the final and arguably most
important step that said what I do
highly recommend is to start with
learning the basics of python python is
the programming language used by pretty
much everyone to work on machine
learning and every other step on this
list Builds on top of it this mainly
applies to beginners that don't know
what a list or a dictionary are and that
don't know how to write a simple if else
statement or a for loop I would even go
as far as saying you need to learn on
what a list comprehension and what class
inheritance are and honestly I don't
know what else to say than just type in
Python tutorial or course on YouTube or
Google and get started there's so much
amazing free content out there but you
should always keep in Minds to actively
code along the tutorial enjoy getting
into machine learning with python but
don't go too in depth this lets you
start with a fun experience because at
some point you will also have to learn
maths now you could argue that you don't
need mouths because so much is already
automated and taken care of by cool
python libraries which is true but you
will need to know all the fundamentals
of calculus linear algebra and
probability Theory to understand pretty
much any machine learning approach that
said you really don't need complex maths
most of the maths is high school or
entry-level College maths like you just
need to understand what the derivative
of a function is and how to compute it
you need to know what a matrix is is and
how the dot product works there again
are amazing resources out there that are
free like these courses right here or a
website called Can Academy I mean you
can even learn most of what you need on
brilliant.org sadly not sponsored or you
just go to college and take the
mandatory maths classes for any
engineering major I'll tell you about my
absolute favorite resource for learning
the fundamental Maths for new networks
after we cover the next important steps
this already shows you that you don't
need to hustle through all the courses
there are in the beginning in fact I
wouldn't even recommend that because it
can be very frustrating and just not fun
whenever you don't understand some maths
later on you can always revisit it by
just Googling learn the basics and then
continue on to the next fun step
learning about the ml developer stack so
now you know the basics of python and if
you haven't already can learn some basic
tools like Jupiter notebooks and
libraries like pandas numpy and matplot
lip numpy is a library for doing mouths
with matrices or arrays it's a great
starting point because you can now
implement the mouths that you just
learned about and see how simple it is
to compute a DOT product between two
matrices met plot lip is a tool for
visualizing data and graphs and just
seeing what maths you are doing and in
my opinion at least visualizing stuff is
fun and just very useful finally pandas
is a great tool for dealing with data
that is in tabular format a lot of
machine learning problems deal with
tabular data and pandas lets you again
very easily manipulate those and
visualize the tables all those libraries
also work very well with jupyter
notebooks and are an essential part of
learning machine learning as you will
see by getting to know those Frameworks
you will automatically improve your
overall practical Python and ml skills
but again only focus on the basics by
following a few tutorials later when
working on projects you'll really get to
know the libraries so now let's get back
to some Theory and finally actually
learn about machine learning and deep
learning okay up until now everything
should honestly not take too long
perhaps a few weeks depending on how
much time you put in and at what level
you already are but the ml courses I
will now recommend do take some time the
best and probably most famous machine
learning course or collection of courses
is the machine learning specialization
by Andrew Nung the cool thing is that
you here already get to know some
machine learning Frameworks like psyched
learn and tensorflow well I do have to
admit I personally prefer and would
recommend py Toge but learning one
framework pretty much lets you already
quickly adapt to the other one this
course is absolute gold and it's free
although this is the beginner course it
is still very important they here teach
a lot of classical ml Concepts and those
are the things you need to be able to
answer quite easily in ml interviews now
remember when I teased my favorite
resource for learning maths in neural
networks well after learning about those
in Andrew's course I would watch Andre
kathi's neural network series he here
implements a simple NLP model from the
ground up and goes all the way up to a
transform model he also goes through all
the mths of back propagation and so on I
cannot recommend this series enough
since in Andrew NS and Andre kath's
courses you already get some practical
experience with the taught ml Concepts I
would then continue on to the next more
advanced and practical course the Deep
learning specialization this course
focuses more on implementing and
training new Nets and the absolutely
amazing thing here is that they also
include hugging face which is a library
that you pretty much cannot avoid it's
really amazing and if you feel like this
course doesn't teach you enough about
hugging face you can also just go
through the hugging face NLP course
directly there you also learn even more
advanced concepts in NLP well if you are
interested in NLP that is so yeah those
are the two or perhaps even three
courses I would take and recommend by
now you have learned a lot and worked on
several smaller projects or rather
tutorials now it's time to actually get
your hands dirty and work on real
projects I honestly think you here learn
the most and there are two things I
would work on first I would go to kagle
and just work on challenges there are
many available for any level try not to
underestimate the complexity and start
with simpler challenges so you don't get
frustrated and demotivated and if you do
take on more difficult ones that also
come with prize money don't expect to
win one it's really difficult to get to
that point and you also need a lot of
compute so okay after working on kegle
challenges comes my final and favorite
type of project to work on
reimplementing a paper and recreating
the results this is challenging and you
will learn a lot and most importantly
this type of project will definitely
help you stand out on your ml
application that said there are a few
other simpler ways to stand out that you
can already get started during your
learning process so I'm sure you might
want to watch this video right here
where I reveal those techniques and tips
bye-bye
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