Body Fluid Compartments: Intracellular, Extracellular (Interstitial, Plasma, Transcellular)
Summary
TLDRThis video, presented by Eric, a registered nurse, discusses the body's fluid compartments and the process of osmosis. The body is composed of 60-70% water, stored in two main compartments: intracellular (inside cells) and extracellular (outside cells). The extracellular fluid includes intravascular (plasma), interstitial, and transcellular fluids. These compartments work together to maintain balance through osmosis, a process where water moves from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. Osmolarity, or the concentration of solutes, affects this process, guiding IV fluid therapy in medical treatments.
Takeaways
- 💧 The average adult body consists of 60-70% water, distributed in specific compartments.
- 🏠 There are two main fluid compartments: intracellular (inside cells) and extracellular (outside cells).
- 🔬 The intracellular compartment contains two-thirds of the body's water, making it the largest compartment.
- 🌍 The extracellular compartment holds one-third of the body's water and is divided into intravascular, interstitial, and transcellular fluid compartments.
- 💉 The intravascular fluid, or plasma, is found within blood vessels and is vital for transporting substances like electrolytes and blood cells.
- 🔵 The interstitial fluid surrounds cells and acts as a medium for electrolytes to move between the cells and plasma.
- 🧠 Transcellular fluid is the smallest compartment, found in body cavities like spinal fluid and around the heart and lungs.
- 🔄 Water and electrolytes shift between compartments to maintain balance through processes like osmosis, ensuring homeostasis.
- 🌊 Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration, influenced by solute concentration.
- ⚖️ Osmolarity refers to the total solute concentration in a fluid, and it determines how osmosis shifts water between compartments in the body.
Q & A
What percentage of the adult body is made up of water?
-The average adult body is made up of about 60 to 70 percent water.
What are the two main fluid compartments in the body?
-The two main fluid compartments are the intracellular compartment and the extracellular compartment.
What is the intracellular compartment?
-The intracellular compartment is the fluid found inside the cells, accounting for two-thirds of the body's water.
What is the extracellular compartment and what does it include?
-The extracellular compartment is the fluid outside the cells and includes the intravascular fluid (plasma), interstitial fluid, and transcellular fluid.
What is interstitial fluid and its role?
-Interstitial fluid surrounds the outside of cells and acts as a medium for the movement of electrolytes and other substances between the cells and plasma.
What is intravascular fluid and why is it important?
-Intravascular fluid, also known as plasma, is the fluid inside blood vessels that contains important substances like electrolytes and blood cells.
What is the smallest fluid compartment and where is it found?
-The smallest fluid compartment is the transcellular fluid, found in specific body cavities like spinal fluid, around the heart and lungs, and in joints.
How do body fluid compartments maintain homeostasis?
-Body fluid compartments maintain homeostasis by shifting water, electrolytes, and nutrients through processes like osmosis to balance the environment.
What is osmosis and how does it work in the body?
-Osmosis is the passive movement of water from a fluid with higher water concentration (low solute concentration) to a fluid with lower water concentration (high solute concentration) through a semi-permeable membrane.
What is osmolarity and how does it affect fluid movement in the body?
-Osmolarity is the total solute concentration per liter of solution. Fluids with high osmolarity have more solutes and less water, while fluids with low osmolarity have more water and fewer solutes. Osmolarity influences how osmosis shifts fluid between compartments.
Outlines
💧 Understanding Body Fluid Compartments and Osmosis
The video begins by explaining the body’s composition, noting that 60-70% of an adult’s body is made of water. This water is stored in two main fluid compartments: intracellular (inside cells) and extracellular (outside cells). The intracellular compartment holds two-thirds of the body's water, while the extracellular compartment contains one-third and is further divided into the intravascular fluid (plasma), interstitial fluid (surrounding cells), and transcellular fluid (in body cavities). The compartments are interconnected, and fluids, electrolytes, and nutrients shift between them to maintain homeostasis. This process is facilitated by osmosis, which allows healthcare professionals to manipulate fluid balances, such as by administering IV fluids to the intravascular compartment.
⚗️ The Process of Osmosis and Its Role in Fluid Balance
Osmosis is a key mechanism in the body for maintaining fluid balance between compartments. It involves water moving from an area of higher water concentration (or lower solute concentration) to one with lower water concentration (or higher solute concentration) through a semi-permeable membrane. This process does not require energy. The concept is illustrated with a semi-permeable membrane allowing water, but not solutes, to pass. Osmosis is primarily driven by the solute concentration in the fluids, and understanding this process helps explain how water moves between the intracellular and extracellular spaces.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Intracellular compartment
💡Extracellular compartment
💡Intravascular fluid
💡Interstitial fluid
💡Transcellular fluid
💡Osmosis
💡Semi-permeable membrane
💡Solute
💡Osmolarity
💡Electrolytes
Highlights
The average adult body is made up of about 60-70% water, which is stored in two main fluid compartments: intracellular and extracellular.
The intracellular compartment holds fluid within the cells and accounts for two-thirds of the body’s water.
The extracellular compartment stores fluid outside the cells, making up one-third of the body’s water, and includes the interstitial and intravascular fluids.
The interstitial fluid surrounds cells and acts as a medium for electrolytes and substances to move between cells and plasma.
Intravascular fluid, also known as plasma, contains important substances such as electrolytes and blood cells.
Transcellular fluid is the smallest fluid compartment, found in body cavities such as the spinal fluid and fluid around the heart and lungs.
Body fluid compartments are interconnected, working together to maintain homeostasis by shifting water and electrolytes as needed.
Osmosis is a key process that moves water across a semi-permeable membrane from a higher water concentration to a lower concentration, without requiring energy.
Osmosis is influenced by solute concentration, moving water from areas of low solute concentration to areas with higher solute concentration.
Solutes are solids dissolved in liquids, like sodium and chloride, which form electrolytes when dissolved in fluids.
Osmolarity refers to the total solute concentration per liter of solution, determining how osmosis will work to shift fluids in the body.
Fluids with high osmolarity have more solutes and less water, while fluids with low osmolarity have fewer solutes and more water.
Healthcare providers use IV fluids with different osmolarities to treat patients by shifting fluids between compartments.
By administering fluids with specific osmolarities, healthcare professionals can correct fluid imbalances in the body.
Understanding the relationship between osmolarity and fluid compartments helps in effectively managing conditions like dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.
Transcripts
hey everyone it's Eric registered nurse
aryan.com and in this video I'm going to
be talking about body fluid compartments
and osmosis so let's get started now the
average adult body is made up of about
60 to 70 percent of water so that is a
lot of fluid within our body and this
fluid has to be stored somewhere and
there are two main compartments that
stores this fluid that I want you to
remember the first compartment is known
as the intracellular compartment and
this is the fluid that's found within
the cell and intra means within so
remember this is a fluid inside of our
cell as you can see here then we have
the extracellular compartment and this
is the fluid found outside of that cell
an extra means Beyond or outside so
we're talking about that fluid that is
surrounding the cell and it is made up
of the intravascular fluid which you can
see here this is also referred to as the
plasma then we have the interstitial
fluid which you can see here in blue and
it's just hanging out around our cells
and then we have the trans cellular
fluid so now let's take a closer look at
these body fluid compartments with the
first being the intracellular space so
again this was the fluid found inside of
the cell and this space actually
accounts for two-thirds of our body
water so most of our fluid is inside of
our cells and then there's the
extracellular space which again is that
fluid outside of the cell and it
accounts for one third of our body water
and it includes the fluid compartments
such as the interstitial fluid
compartment and the interstitial fluid
compartment is the fluid that surrounds
the outside of our cells and this fluid
plays a very vital role in helping be a
medium for electrolytes and other
substances to move to and from the cell
to the plasma with the assistance of the
capillaries and the intravascular fluid
compartment which again is known as the
plasma is the fluid found inside the
blood vessels which contain so many
important substances like electrolytes
blood cells and so forth and then lastly
we have the trans cellular fluid
compartment and this is actually the
smallest compartment and this is the
fluid that is found within certain body
cavities like the spinal fluid the fluid
that surrounds our heart and lungs and
the joints now it's important to note
that these compartments are really all
interconnected with their own amount of
water and electrolytes and they will
work together to help maintain a
homeostatic environment in our body and
how they do this is that they will shift
water electrolytes and other nutrients
around so we can keep that balanced
environment and they do this shifting
through various processes in the body
with one of those processes being
osmosis therefore in healthcare we can
administer IV fluids let's say to this
intravascular compartment to help expand
it if we need to or shift fluids around
these compartments via this process of
Osmosis to help us correct fluid
imbalances or other problems that can
occur within the intracellular and
extracellular spaces so to help us
understand how IV fluids do this let's
talk about osmosis so osmosis is a
process where water is going to move
from a fluid of a higher water
concentration to a fluid of a lower
concentration in other words water is
going to move from a fluid that has a
low solute concentration to a fluid that
has a higher solute concentration and it
does this passively it doesn't need any
energy or anything from the cell it
actually does this on its own and it
does it through a semi-permeable
membrane which is only permeable to
water molecules so let's illustrate this
process by looking at this drawing here
we have our semi-permeable membrane
which is only permeable to water and on
one side of the membrane we have a lot
of water molecules but we don't have a
lot of solutes and on the other side of
the membrane brain we have not a lot of
water molecules but a lot of solutes so
according to osmosis what's going to
happen is that water is going to move
from a higher concentration of water to
a lower concentration of water or you
can look at it this way water is going
to move from the place where there's not
a lot of solutes to a place that there
are a lot of solutes now the big
takeaway I want you to get from osmosis
is that this process is highly
influenced by a fluid solute
concentration and depending on how
concentrated that fluid is of the
solutes will determine how osmosis is
going to affect how water is going to
shift from this extracellular space to
the intracellular space or vice versa so
what is a solute a solute is a solid
that has been dissolved in a liquid and
there's many different substances out
there that can become a solute in a
liquid solution with one being like
sodium and chloride so we can take
sodium and chloride in their solid form
put them in a liquid whenever we do that
once they dissolve they become an
electrolyte but there's still a solute
in that fluid that we have now we can
take that and we can administer it to
the patient in their intervascular
system now depending on how much sodium
and chloride we actually put in that
fluid will determine how the process of
osmosis is going to be affected in this
extracellular and intracellular
compartment so that leads me to
osmolarity what is osmolarity osmolarity
is the amount of solutes within a
specific fluid volume so in other words
it's the total solute concentration per
liter of solution so depending on that
IV fluids osmolarity will depend on how
well osmosis is going to work within the
body to shift fluid around these
compartments so we can term fluids as
having a High osmolarity or a low
osmolarity so whenever a fluid has a
high osmolarity we're saying it has a
lot of solutes in that fluid whenever
something has a lot of solutes in it it
has less water on the flip side if a
fluid has a low osmolarity it has a low
amount of solutes in it meaning it's
going to have more water in it and in
healthcare we can use osmolarity to our
benefit to help treat patients who are
sick and need fluids replaced based on
what compartment we need to treat and
shift fluids around we do this by
administering various types of fluids
that have different osmolarities or
solute concentrations which will move
water in or out of these compartments
okay so that wraps up this video and if
you'd like to watch more videos in this
series you can access the link in the
YouTube description below
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