ANGKATAN PERANG RATU ADIL (APRA) | MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12

Summary

The video script delves into the historical account of the 'Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil' (APRA) rebellion in Indonesia, led by Raymond Westerling, a former Dutch Captain. It explores the background of APRA's formation due to the integration of KNIL into the Indonesian army, the rebellion's goals to maintain West Java's integrity and to officially recognize APRA as the military force of West Java. The script narrates the failed coup attempt against the Indonesian government, the ultimatum issued by APRA, the ensuing violent conflict in Bandung, and the eventual capture of Sultan Hamid II, who was involved in the plot. The rebellion's impact accelerated the decline of the Federal Republic of Indonesia and led to widespread anti-federal demonstrations, culminating in the desire for national unity.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses the historical context of the 'Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil' (APRA) rebellion in Indonesia, highlighting its roots in the integration of former KNIL troops into the Indonesian National Army (TNI).
• 🏰 It mentions the misuse of the 'Ratu Adil' (Just Queen) concept for political purposes, particularly by Raymond Westerling, a former Dutch captain, who used it to rally support against the Republic of the United States of Indonesia.
• 🛡️ The APRA rebellion had two main objectives: to maintain the integrity of the Sundanese state and to demand recognition of APRA as the official military force of the Sundanese state.
• 🗓️ The script outlines the timeline of events, starting from the rebellion's inception, the coup attempt against the Indonesian government, and the ultimatum issued by Westerling to the government.
• 🛡️ It details the failed coup attempt on January 23, 1950, where APRA forces attacked Bandung, resulting in a disproportionate battle and significant casualties among the Indonesian National Army.
• 🚨 The Indonesian government responded swiftly, deploying APR troops to counter APRA's movements and eventually capturing key figures involved in the rebellion.
• 👮‍♂️ Sultan Hamid II, who was involved in the rebellion's planning, was captured due to his dissatisfaction with his ceremonial role in the government and his desire for a more influential position.
• 🏁 The script concludes that the APRA rebellion contributed to the rapid decline of the United States of Indonesia and the rise of anti-federal demonstrations, leading to a desire for national unity.
• 🔍 The rebellion was not solely driven by a single actor but involved multiple parties, including colonial interests and other influential figures.
• 📚 The APRA rebellion is presented as a significant event in Indonesian history, with lasting impacts on the country's political landscape and the eventual formation of a unified nation.
• 📣 The script encourages further discussion and questions about Indonesian history in the comments section and ends with a call to like and subscribe for more historical content.

Q & A

What is the historical significance of the 'Ratu Adil' concept mentioned in the script?

The 'Ratu Adil' concept refers to a prophecy of a just ruler who would liberate the archipelago from oppression. It is historically significant as it was used to inspire and mobilize the masses during the struggle for independence in Indonesia.

Who was Raymond Westerling and what role did he play in the script's narrative?

Raymond Westerling was a former Dutch Captain of the Special Forces who was involved in the massacre of Makassar people opposing the formation of East Indonesia. He later formed a group called Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil (Afra) to fight against the Republic of the United States of Indonesia.

What was the purpose of forming the Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil (Afra)?

Afra was formed with the purpose of maintaining the integrity of the Pasundan state and demanding recognition of Afra as the official military force guarding the Pasundan state.

What was the ultimatum issued by Afra to the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (Ris) on January 5, 1952?

The ultimatum demanded that the Ris government respect the states, especially the Pasundan state, and acknowledge Pak as the military of Pasundan. If not met within seven days, Afra threatened to start a major war.

What was the outcome of the ultimatum issued by Afra?

The ultimatum was not met, leading to the government of Ris ordering the arrest of Westerling and the evacuation of the Dutch Special Forces (RST) from Indonesia. However, the evacuation failed as Afra launched its first rebellion on January 23, 1950.

How did the rebellion initiated by Afra on January 23, 1950, unfold?

Afra, with about 300 armed members of the former KNIL, attacked the city of Bandung in the morning. An unbalanced battle occurred between the 18 soldiers of the Siliwangi Division and 150 soldiers of Afra, resulting in the death of 94 TNI members.

Why did the plan to attack Jakarta by Afra fail?

The plan to attack Jakarta failed due to the refusal of the Islamic Indonesian Army led by Kartosuwiryo to join Westerling's plan and the readiness of the alip forces, which led to the failure of Afra's rebellion in Bandung and Jakarta.

What actions did the Ris government take to suppress the Afra rebellion?

The Ris government quickly dispatched the Apris troops to stop Afra's movement and sent additional forces to Bandung to pressure Afra to leave the city. High Commissioner of the Netherlands, Dr. Hirschfeld, also facilitated negotiations that resulted in an agreement for the Dutch to pressure Westerling and Afra to leave Bandung.

Who was Sultan Hamid II and what was his involvement in the rebellion?

Sultan Hamid II was a former assistant of the Dutch Queen, head of the Federal Overleg (BFO), and designer of the Garuda emblem. He was involved in the rebellion due to his disappointment with his position in the government, which he felt was less deserving than his capabilities.

What was the impact of the Afra rebellion on the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (Ris)?

The Afra rebellion led to an acceleration of the process of the collapse of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat. It sparked anti-federal demonstrations across West Java and increased the desire for reunification as a unitary state, which later influenced the emergence of post-Afra rebellions such as Andi Azis and the South Moluccan Republic.